On the Role of Non-Periodic Orbits in The Semiclassical Quantization of the Truncated Hyperbola Billiard

Based on an accurate computation of the first 1851 quantal energy levels of the truncated hyperbola billiard, we have found an anomalous long-range modulation in the integrated level density. It is shown that the observed anomaly can be explained by an additional term in Gutzwiller's trace formula. This term is given as a sum over families of closed, non-periodic orbits which are reflected in a point of the billiard boundary where the boundary is continuously differentiable, but its curvature radius changes discontinuously.Comment: 8 pages, uu-encoded ps-fil

Weirton Steel Company- Holmes Funeral Director, May 6, 1927

Correspondence: Letter from F.M.Hesse, Assistant Treasurer, Wierton Steel Company, Weirton, West Virginia to Holmes Funeral Director, Jacksonville, Florida, regarding the expenses connected to the burial of Arthur Walke

Particle-in-cell simulations of collisionless magnetic reconnection with a non-uniform guide field

Results are presented of a first study of collisionless magnetic reconnection starting from a recently found exact nonlinear force-free Vlasov–Maxwell equilibrium. The initial state has a Harris sheet magnetic field profile in one direction and a non-uniform guide field in a second direction, resulting in a spatially constant magnetic field strength as well as a constant initial plasma density and plasma pressure. It is found that the reconnection process initially resembles guide field reconnection, but that a gradual transition to anti-parallel reconnection happens as the system evolves. The time evolution of a number of plasma parameters is investigated, and the results are compared with simulations starting from a Harris sheet equilibrium and a Harris sheet plus constant guide field equilibrium

The effect of collisional enhancement of Balmer lines on the determination of the primordial helium abundance

This paper describes a new determination of the primordial helium abundance (Y_P), based on the abundance analysis of five metal-poor extragalactic HII regions. For three regions of the sample (SBS 0335-052, I Zw 18, and H29) we present tailored photoionization models based on improved calculations with respect to previous models. In particular, we use the photoionization models to study quantitatively the effect of collisional excitation of Balmer lines on the determination of the helium abundance (Y) in the individual regions. This effect is twofold: first, the intensities of the Balmer lines are enhanced with respect to the pure recombination value, mimicking a higher hydrogen abundance; second, the observed reddening is larger than the true extinction, due to the differential effect of collisions on different Balmer lines. In addition to these effects, our analysis takes into account the following features of HII regions: (i) the temperature structure, (ii) the density structure, (iii) the presence of neutral helium, (iv) the collisional excitation of the HeI lines, (v) the underlying absorption of the HeI lines, and (vi) the optical thickness of the HeI lines. The object that shows the highest increase in Y after the inclusion of collisional effects in the analysis is SBS 0335-052, whose helium abundance has been revised by Delta Y = +0.0107. The revised Y values for the five objects in our sample yield an increase of +0.0035 in Y_P, giving Y_P = 0.2391 +/- 0.0020.Comment: 59 pages, 8 figures. AAS Latex. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa

Numerical Studies on the Magnetism of Fe-Ni-Mn Alloys in the Invar Region

By means of self-consistent semi-empirical LCAO calculations we study the itinerant magnetism of (Fe_{0.65}Ni_{0.35})_{1-y} Mn_y alloys for y between 0 and 0.22 at T=0 K, neglecting only the transverse spin components. We find that the magnetic behaviour is quite complicated on a local scale. In addition to ferromagnetic behaviour, also metastable spin-glass-like configurations are found. In the same approach, using a direct numerical calculation by the Kubo-Formalism without any fit parameters, we also calculate the electrical conductance in the magnetic state and find that the $y$-dependence observed in the experiments is well reproduced by our calculations, except of an overall factor of rougly 5, by which our resistivities are too large.Comment: 12 pages (Latex, to be applied 2 times) + 13 figures (eps-files

Characterization of queen specific components of the fluid released by fighting honey bee queens

Swarming honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies rear supernumerary young queens that compete for the limited resources (workers) necessary for founding a new colony. Young queens often fight to death. Queens show several adaptations to fight and conflict, such as short developmental time and early onset of venom production. During fights, queens often release rectal fluid with a strong smell of wine grapes, after which they temporarily stop fighting. This potentially reduces individual overall risk of deadly injury. The fluid and one of its components, ortho-aminoacetophenone, were previously found to have a pheromonal effect on workers, but the evidence is equivocal. Recently, it has been suggested that the effects of this substance may be context- or concentration-specific. We performed semi-quantitative gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of the fluid (1) released by queens during their first fight, (2) released during a subsequent fight, and (3) obtained by dissecting the hindgut of queens and (4) of workers. Following preliminary results by Page et al. 1988 (Experientia 44: 270-271), we scored presence / absence of eight substances. Five substances (ortho-aminoacetophenone, decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, octyl decanoate, and decyl decanoate) were characteristic of queens only. ortho-Aminoacetophenone was detected in all queen and in none of the worker samples, in agreement with previous findings that worker faeces do not have any pheromonal effect. The fluid released by queens on their second fight also contained ortho-aminoacetophenone, but in smaller quantities. These data substantiate previous bioassay results, and provide estimates of ortho-aminoacetophenone concentration as required to design experiments addressing the function and adaptive significance of this behaviour

Characterization of the unsteady wake aerodynamics for an industry relevant road vehicle geometry using LES

A wall-resolved large eddy simulation (WRLES) study of the flow around a 15% scale model of the Nissan NDP, an electric concept vehicle developed by Nissan, at ReH=100,000 is presented. First, wake asymmetries and the associated possibility of wake bimodality occurring are investigated by comparing the flow fields around “squareback” and cavity variants of the Nissan NDP. It is highlighted that there is no noteworthy long-term wake asymmetry in the spanwise direction for both configurations and that there is, instead, symmetric spanwise vortex shedding, as highlighted through the use of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) post-processing. One can, therefore, exclude the existence of classical wake bimodality in the spanwise direction that has been observed for the Ahmed body. However, the wake does explore the vehicle’s rear space in the spanwise direction rapidly over non-dimensional time intervals of O(10) . Meanwhile, there is a strong wake tilt in the vertical direction due to the presence of a ground, the vehicle geometry’s vertical asymmetry, and the detachment of a powerful hairpin vortex from the vehicle’s roof. When looking at POD of the flow field in a vertical plane, asymmetric vortex shedding, similar to that observed for the Ahmed body by Hesse and Morgans (2021) in the spanwise plane, is found. This suggests that wake bimodality in the vertical direction could occur for the Nissan NDP—the presented results are not conclusive, as the provided non-dimensional simulation duration of t∗∼60 is insufficient for the bimodal phenomenon that occurs at t∗∼1000 . Additionally, the discernible impact of having a cavity at the rear of the NDP is to allow the wake to explore a larger vehicle base space (i.e. the wake is able to move more freely). This, coupled to a 5% reduction in rear base area, translates to a drag reduction compared to the “squareback” variant of 13.6%. Second, in a more qualitative analysis of simulation results, the effect of using a moving ground in simulation as compared to a stationary ground is assessed. This is only done for the cavity variant of the Nissan NDP. It is found that, for this vehicle geometry, a stationary ground is associated with the occurrence of low pressure clockwise rotating (when looking into the page of the vertical plane) vortices near the ground caused by the flow deceleration just aft of the vehicle base, where the flow moves from the vehicle under-body toward the wake’s far-field region. The consequence of this flow phenomenon is to simulate a 3.3% higher drag value with the stationary ground simulation as compared to the moving ground simulation. Thus, although the moving ground should be more representative of the real-world, the stationary ground simulation is more conservative in aerodynamic terms and should be used if developing the NDP vehicle completely digitally using a virtual twin. By over-design, the stationary ground variant namely ensures that the drag key performance indicator (KPI) is met