Examining Correlations Between Area Crime Rates, Daycare Center Licensing Violations, Caregiver Discipline Techniques, and the Deviant Behaviors of Preschoolers

This research examines correlations between area crime rates, daycare center licensing violations, caregiver discipline techniques, and the deviant behaviors of preschoolers. As gender roles in society continue to equate, it becomes increasingly necessary for children to attend daycare. Many of these children spend up to 30 hours a week in the daycare system, effectively making their daycare teachers co-parents. The disciplinary techniques of daycare employees, the crime rates in the area in which the facility is located, and the deviant behaviors of preschoolers are all factors which may affect psychosocial development in early childhood. It is important that we understand the effects that some of these daycare experiences can have on preschoolers during early childhood and beyond. Understanding these interactions on a deeper level may lend insight on how to avoid negative early childhood experiences that are shown to be statistically significant in contributing to deviant and delinquent behaviors. To explore these interactions, this research examines the activities of 30 Tulsa, Oklahoma daycare centers located in three crime rate areas as defined by the Tulsa Police Department. The Oklahoma Department of Human Services licensed daycare centers were selected according to the disciplinary nature of published OKDHS non-compliances, and placed in each category according to the crime rates within a five mile radius of each facility. The researcher visited each daycare center and observed the activities of the children and employees. Instances of deviant behaviors as well as good behaviors of preschoolers were recorded, as well as general notes about the interactions between the employees and the children, the state of the facility, and the apparent adherence or lack thereof to OKDHS rules and regulations. The data were analyzed and is presented in consideration of development of youth violence and school safety concerns. There was no statistically significant effect of area crime rates on daycare center licensing techniques, or the deviant behaviors of preschoolers. There were, however, qualitative findings that suggest that caregiver discipline techniques do vary across crime rate areas at DHS licensed daycare centers in Tulsa, OK. This finding indicates that there is an increased need for understanding the effects of discipline techniques on the psychosocial development of preschoolers within the daycare setting.Forensic Scienc

Senior and Junior Recital - Kelsey Hess and Nicole Vander Does

This recital is in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Music in Music Performance.https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/music_programs/1052/thumbnail.jp

A connectome and analysis of the adult Drosophila central brain.

The neural circuits responsible for animal behavior remain largely unknown. We summarize new methods and present the circuitry of a large fraction of the brain of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Improved methods include new procedures to prepare, image, align, segment, find synapses in, and proofread such large data sets. We define cell types, refine computational compartments, and provide an exhaustive atlas of cell examples and types, many of them novel. We provide detailed circuits consisting of neurons and their chemical synapses for most of the central brain. We make the data public and simplify access, reducing the effort needed to answer circuit questions, and provide procedures linking the neurons defined by our analysis with genetic reagents. Biologically, we examine distributions of connection strengths, neural motifs on different scales, electrical consequences of compartmentalization, and evidence that maximizing packing density is an important criterion in the evolution of the fly's brain

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

A connectome and analysis of the adult Drosophila central brain.

The neural circuits responsible for animal behavior remain largely unknown. We summarize new methods and present the circuitry of a large fraction of the brain of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Improved methods include new procedures to prepare, image, align, segment, find synapses in, and proofread such large data sets. We define cell types, refine computational compartments, and provide an exhaustive atlas of cell examples and types, many of them novel. We provide detailed circuits consisting of neurons and their chemical synapses for most of the central brain. We make the data public and simplify access, reducing the effort needed to answer circuit questions, and provide procedures linking the neurons defined by our analysis with genetic reagents. Biologically, we examine distributions of connection strengths, neural motifs on different scales, electrical consequences of compartmentalization, and evidence that maximizing packing density is an important criterion in the evolution of the fly's brain

A connectome and analysis of the adult Drosophila central brain

The neural circuits responsible for animal behavior remain largely unknown. We summarize new methods and present the circuitry of a large fraction of the brain of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Improved methods include new procedures to prepare, image, align, segment, find synapses in, and proofread such large data sets. We define cell types, refine computational compartments, and provide an exhaustive atlas of cell examples and types, many of them novel. We provide detailed circuits consisting of neurons and their chemical synapses for most of the central brain. We make the data public and simplify access, reducing the effort needed to answer circuit questions, and provide procedures linking the neurons defined by our analysis with genetic reagents. Biologically, we examine distributions of connection strengths, neural motifs on different scales, electrical consequences of compartmentalization, and evidence that maximizing packing density is an important criterion in the evolution of the fly’s brain

Alirocumab and cardiovascular outcomes after acute coronary syndrome

BACKGROUN