532 research outputs found
From colonial port to socialist metropolis : imperialist legacies and the making of 'New Dalian'
This article explores the transformation of the city of Dalian from a colonial export port to an industrialized core city of the Japanese wartime empire and finally a model production city of the People's Republic of China. These shifts in the economic and political function of the city also resulted in complex identity issues for Dalian's urban residents. Dalian's rise reminds that there were trajectories of urban development and modernity in China which were different from that of Shanghai. Dalian provides an important, local view of the transition from empire to nation in this strategically important part of Manchuria
Gateway to Manchuria:: The Port City of Dalian under Japanese, Russian and Chinese Control, 1898â1950
Dieser Aufsatz untersucht die Transformation der Stadt Dalian (Russ. Dalânii, Jap. Dairen) von einem Exporthafen der von kolonialen EinflĂŒssen geprĂ€gten Mandschurei zu einer Industriemetropole des japanischen Imperiums wĂ€hrend der Kriegszeit und schlieĂlich zu einer Modellstadt fĂŒr industrielle Produktion der Volksrepublik China. Dalian ist ein besonders eindrĂŒckliches lokales Beispiel fĂŒr den Ăbergang vom Imperium zur Nation in dem strategisch wichtigen Gebiet der Mandschurei. Der Beitrag analysiert, wie die aufeinander folgenden Regime die Stadt definierten und sich die Stadt in wechselnden geographischen und ökonomischen Kontexten verĂ€nderte, von einem weit entfernten russischen Handelsposten ĂŒber ein Zentrum des Exports wĂ€hrend der japanischen Kolonialzeit und einer japanischen ProduktionsstĂ€tte wĂ€hrend des Krieges zu einer sowjetisch besetzten Zone und bis zu einem integralen Teil der Volksrepublik China. Diese fortwĂ€hrenden Verschiebungen ĂŒbten einen groĂen Einfluss auf die lokale Gesellschaft aus, insbesondere auf die chinesische Bevölkerungsmehrheit der Stadt. Der Wandel der wirtschaftlichen und politischen Funktionen der Stadt verĂ€nderte nicht nur ihre physische Gestalt, sondern auch die komplexe, im steten Wechsel begriffene IdentitĂ€t ihrer Bewohner. Als eine instant city oder âneue Stadtâ an den Grenzen des Imperiums, des militĂ€rischen Schutzgebiets und der Nation war die urbane IdentitĂ€t Dalians dynamischer als in anderen StĂ€dten Nordostasiens. Die Geschichte dieser Stadt rĂŒckt bislang von der historischen Forschung vernachlĂ€ssigte Aspekte der groĂen Narrative von Entkolonialisierung, Revolution und Nationalstaatsbildung, die gemeinhin mit der Region in Verbindung gebracht werden, ins Zentrum der Analyse
Half-Metallic Ferromagnetism in the Heusler Compound CoFeSi revealed by Resistivity, Magnetoresistance, and Anomalous Hall Effect measurements
We present electrical transport data for single-crystalline CoFeSi which
provide clear-cut evidence that this Heusler compound is truly a half-metallic
ferromagnet, i.e. it possesses perfect spin-polarization. More specifically,
the temperature dependence of is governed by electron scattering off
magnons which are thermally excited over a sizeable gap
() separating the electronic majority states at the Fermi level
from the unoccupied minority states. As a consequence, electron-magnon
scattering is only relevant at but freezes out at lower
temperatures, i.e., the spin-polarization of the electrons at the Fermi level
remains practically perfect for . The gapped magnon population
has a decisive influence on the magnetoresistance and the anomalous Hall effect
(AHE): i) The magnetoresistance changes its sign at , ii) the
anomalous Hall coefficient is strongly temperature dependent at and compatible with Berry phase related and/or side-jump electronic
deflection, whereas it is practically temperature-independent at lower
temperatures
Molecular double core-hole electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis
We explore the potential of double core hole electron spectroscopy for
chemical analysis in terms of x-ray two-photon photoelectron spectroscopy
(XTPPS). The creation of deep single and double core vacancies induces
significant reorganization of valence electrons. The corresponding relaxation
energies and the interatomic relaxation energies are evaluated by CASSCF
calculations. We propose a method how to experimentally extract these
quantities by the measurement of single and double core-hole ionization
potentials (IPs and DIPs). The influence of the chemical environment on these
DIPs is also discussed for states with two holes at the same atomic site and
states with two holes at two different atomic sites. Electron density
difference between the ground and double core-hole states clearly shows the
relaxations accompanying the double core-hole ionization. The effect is also
compared with the sensitivity of single core hole ionization potentials (IPs)
arising in single core hole electron spectroscopy. We have demonstrated the
method for a representative set of small molecules LiF, BeO, BF, CO, N2, C2H2,
C2H4, C2H6, CO2 and N2O. The scalar relativistic effect on IPs and on DIPs are
briefly addressed.Comment: 35 pages, 6 figures. To appear in J. Chem. Phys
MATILDA.FT, a Mesoscale Simulation Package for Inhomogeneous Soft Matter
In this paper we announce the public release of a massively-parallel,
GPU-accelerated software, which is the first to combine both coarse-grained
molecular dynamics and field-theoretical simulations in one simulation package.
MATILDA.FT (Mesoscale, Accelerated, Theoretically-Informed, Langevin,
Dissipative particle dynamics, and Field Theory) was designed from the
ground-up to run on CUDA-enabled GPUs, with the Thrust library acceleration,
enabling it to harness the possibility of massive parallelism to efficiently
simulate systems on a mesoscopic scale. MATILDA.FT is a versatile software,
enabling the users to use either Langevin dynamics or Field Theory to model
their systems - all within the same software. It has been used to model a
variety of systems, from polymer solutions, and nanoparticle-polymer
interfaces, to coarse-grained peptide models, and liquid crystals. MATILDA.FT
is written in CUDA/C++ and is object oriented, making its source-code easy to
understand and extend. The software comes with dedicated post-processing and
analysis tools, as well as the detailed documentation and relevant examples.
Below, we present an overview of currently available features. We explain in
detail the logic of parallel algorithms and methods. We provide necessary
theoretical background, and present examples of recent research projects which
utilized MATILDA.FT as the simulation engine. We also demonstrate how the code
can be easily extended, and present the plan for the future development. The
source code, along with the documentation, additional tools and examples can be
found on GitHub repository.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figure
Boltzmann equation and hydrodynamic fluctuations
We apply the method of invariant manifolds to derive equations of generalized
hydrodynamics from the linearized Boltzmann equation and determine exact
transport coefficients, obeying Green-Kubo formulas. Numerical calculations are
performed in the special case of Maxwell molecules. We investigate, through the
comparison with experimental data and former approaches, the spectrum of
density fluctuations and address the regime of finite Knudsen numbers and
finite frequencies hydrodynamics.Comment: This is a more detailed version of a related paper: I.V. Karlin, M.
Colangeli, M. Kroger, PRL 100 (2008) 214503, arXiv:0801.2932. It contains
comparison between predictions and experiment, in particular. 11 pages, 6
figures, 2 table
Structural characterization of vanadium oxide catalysts supported on nanostructured silica SBA-15 using X-ray absorption spectroscopy
The local structure of vanadium oxide supported on nanostructured SiO2 (VxOy/SBA-15) was investigated by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Because the number of potential parameters in XAS data analysis often exceeds the number of "independent" parameters, evaluating the reliability and significance of a particular fitting procedure is mandatory. The number of independent parameters (Nyquist) may not be sufficient. Hence, in addition to the number of independent parameters, a novel approach to evaluate the significance of structural fitting parameters in XAS data analysis is introduced. Three samples with different V loadings (i.e. 2.7 wt %, 5.4 wt %, and 10.8 wt %) were employed. Thermal treatment in air at 623 K resulted in characteristic structural changes of the V oxide species. Independent of the V loading, the local structure around V centers in dehydrated VxOy/SBA-15 corresponded to an ordered arrangement of adjacent V2O7 units. Moreover, the V2O7 units were found to persist under selective oxidation reaction conditions
Opposing function of MYBBP1A in proliferation and migration of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells
BACKGROUND: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most prevalent and lethal cancers worldwide and mortality mostly results from loco-regional recurrence and metastasis. Despite its significance, our knowledge on molecular, cellular and environmental mechanisms that drive disease pathogenesis remains largely elusive, and there are limited therapeutic options, with only negligible clinical benefit. METHODS: We applied global gene expression profiling with samples derived from a recently established mouse model for oral cancer recurrence and identified a list of genes with differential expression between primary and recurrent tumors. RESULTS: One differentially expressed gene codes for Myb-binding protein 1a (MYBBP1A), which is known as a transcriptional co-regulator that physically interacts with nuclear transcription factors, such as NFÎșB and p53. We confirmed significantly reduced MYBBP1A protein levels on tissue sections of recurrent mouse tumors compared to primary tumors by immunohistochemistry, and found aberrant MYBBP1A protein levels also in tumor samples of HNSCC patients. Interestingly, silencing of MYBBP1A expression in murine SCC7 and in human HNSCC cell lines elicited increased migration but decreased cell growth. CONCLUSION: We provide experimental evidence that MYBBP1A is an important molecular switch in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation versus migration in HNSCC and it will be a major challenge for the future to proof the concept whether regulation MYBBP1A expression and/or function could serve as a novel option for anti-cancer therapy
Surface plasmon polaritons in generalized slab heterostructures with negative permittivity and permeability
- âŠ