An integrated approach to AMD mitigation through sulfide removal from tailings

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-73).The formation of acid mine drainage (AMD) from the microbial oxidation of sulfides in mineral waste deposits is one of the major challenges facing the mining industry worldwide. Growing environmental awareness and subsequent changes in legislation has focused research in addressing the prevention of pollution by AMD. Current waste management approaches focus on deposition techniques to control AMD formation and on remediation. However, these approaches do not remove the risk of AMD generationand are yet to be proven effective in mitigating long-term acid generating potential. Incompliance with the principles of pollution prevention, addressing waste at its source,the aim of this work is to remove the risk of AMD generation by focusing on theremoval of sulfides from potentially acid generating tailings prior to disposal

On the Rate of Synthesis of Individual Proteins within and between Different Striated Muscles of the Rat

The turnover of muscle protein is responsive to different (patho)-physiological conditions but little is known about the rate of synthesis at the level of individual proteins or whether this varies between different muscles. We investigated the synthesis rate of eight proteins (actin, albumin, ATP synthase alpha, beta enolase, creatine kinase, myosin essential light chain, myosin regulatory light chain and tropomyosin) in the extensor digitorum longus, diaphragm, heart and soleus of male Wistar rats (352 ± 30 g body weight). Animals were assigned to four groups (n = 3, in each), including a control and groups that received deuterium oxide (2H2O) for 4 days, 7 days or 14 days. Deuterium labelling was initiated by an intraperitoneal injection of 10 μL/g body weight of 99.9% 2H2O-saline, and was maintained by administration of 5% (v/v) 2H2O in drinking water provided ad libitum. Homogenates of the isolated muscles were analysed by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry. Proteins were identified against the SwissProt database using peptide mass fingerprinting. For each of the eight proteins investigated, the molar percent enrichment (MPE) of 2H and rate constant (k) of protein synthesis was calculated from the mass isotopomer distribution of peptides based on the amino acid sequence and predicted number of exchangeable C–H bonds. The average MPE (2.14% ± 0.2%) was as expected and was consistent across muscles harvested at different times (i.e., steady state enrichment was achieved). The synthesis rate of individual proteins differed markedly within each muscle and the rank-order of synthesis rates differed among the muscles studied. After 14 days the fraction of albumin synthesised (23% ± 5%) was significantly (p < 0.05) greater than for other muscle proteins. These data represent the first attempt to study the synthesis rates of individual proteins across a number of different striated muscles

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in daily clinical practice: a community hospital-based study

Background Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are major adverse effects of cancer chemotherapy. This study investigated: (1) the impact of CINV on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQL) in daily clinical practice; (2) the association between patient characteristics and type of antiemetics and CINV; and (3) the role of CINV in physicians' decisions to modify antiemetic treatment. Patients and methods This prospective, multicenter study was conducted in nine general hospitals in the Netherlands. During three consecutive chemotherapy cycles, patients used a diary to record episodes of nausea, vomiting and antiemetic use. For each cycle, these ratings were made 1 day prior to and 7 days after having received chemotherapy. The influence of CINV on patients' HRQL was evaluated with the Functional Living Index-Emesis (FLIE) questionnaire at day 6 of each treatment cycle. (Changes in) antiemetic use were recorded by the treating nurse. Patient inclusion took place between May 2005 and May 2007. Results Two hundred seventy-seven patients were enrolled in the study. Acute and delayed nausea during the first treatment cycle was reported by 39% and 68% of the patients, respectively. The comparable figures for acute and delayed vomiting were 12% and 23%. During the first and subsequent treatment cycle, approximately one-third of the patients indicated that CINV had a substantial impact on their daily lives. Female patients and younger patients reported significantly more CINV than male and older patients. At all treatment cycles, patients receiving treatment with moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, containing anthracycline, reported more acute nausea than patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Acute vomiting was associated significantly with change in (i.e., additional) antiemetic treatment. Delayed CINV did not influence antiemetic treatment. Conclusion CINV continues to be a problem that adversely affects the daily lives of patients. CINV is worse in women and in younger patients. In daily clinical practice, acute CINV, but not delayed CINV, results in changes in antiemetic treatment. In view of the effects of not only acute, but also delayed CINV on daily life, more attention should be paid to adjustment of antiemetic treatment to cover CINV complaints, later during the chemotherapy cycle

Association Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Dementia: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: The association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and dementia remains uncertain. We aim to investigate whether IBD is associated with higher dementia risk. METHODS: Using multivariable Cox regression models, we analyzed the onset of all-cause dementia among 497,775 participants, including 5778 IBD patients in the UK Biobank as primary analysis. In secondary analysis, we further examined the difference in brain structure and cognitive function changes between IBD and non-IBD individuals. The diagnosis of IBD and dementia was confirmed with combination of primary care data, hospital inpatient data, death registry, and self-report data. Brain structure was measured by brain MRI as anatomic and tissue-specific volumes; cognitive function was tested in terms of reaction, visual episodic memory, verbal-numerical reasoning, and prospective memory. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 11.58 years, 100 and 6709 incident all-cause dementia with or without IBD were documented, respectively. In multivariable Cox regression model, hazard ratio for incident dementia among IBD patients was 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-1.39; P=.182) comparing with non-IBD participants; no statistically significant difference was observed in their brain MRI measures of anatomic and tissue-specific volumes, whereas IBD patients had a significantly increased reaction time (β=12.32; 95% CI, 1.97, 22.67; P = .020). Results of subgroup and sensitivity analyses were consistent with the main analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our study does not support a significant association between IBD and dementia. Further studies with better design and longer follow-up are needed to elucidate the association

Anti-nausea effects and pharmacokinetics of ondansetron, maropitant and metoclopramide in a low-dose cisplatin model of nausea and vomiting in the dog: a blinded crossover study

Nausea is a subjective sensation which is difficult to measure in non-verbal species. The aims of this study were to determine the efficacy of three classes of antiemetic drugs in a novel low dose cisplatin model of nausea and vomiting and measure change in potential nausea biomarkers arginine vasopressin (AVP) and cortisol. A four period cross-over blinded study was conducted in eight healthy beagle dogs of both genders. Dogs were administered 18 mg/m2 cisplatin intravenously, followed 45 min later by a 15 min infusion of either placebo (saline) or antiemetic treatment with ondansetron (0.5 mg/kg; 5-HT3 antagonist), maropitant (1 mg/kg; NK1 antagonist) or metoclopramide (0.5 mg/kg; D2 antagonist). The number of vomits and nausea associated behaviours, scored on a visual analogue scale, were recorded every 15 min for 8 h following cisplatin administration. Plasma samples were collected to measure AVP, cortisol and antiemetic drug concentrations

Parents’ engagement in an Australian school- and home-based group RCT to reduce children’s sitting time and promote physical activity: Transform-Us!

Session - S34 Involvement of parents in multicomponent school-based interventions targeting energy balance related behaviours among children and adolescents: Lessons learned from process evaluation: abstract S34.2Conference Theme: Promoting Healthy Eating and Activity WorldwidePURPOSE: Transform-Us! was a 3-year group RCT aiming to determine the effectiveness of strategies to reduce 8-year old Australian children’s sedentary behaviour (SB) or promote their physical activity (PA), or both (PA+SB) compared with usual practice (C) at school and home. METHOD: Process evaluation data were collected at post--‐intervention (T3) Nov/Dec 2011. Nine newsletters per year were …postprin

Fractional Synthesis Rates of Individual Proteins in Rat Soleus and Plantaris Muscles.

Differences in the protein composition of fast- and slow-twitch muscle may be maintained by different rates of protein turnover. We investigated protein turnover rates in slow-twitch soleus and fast-twitch plantaris of male Wistar rats (body weight 412 ± 69 g). Animals were assigned to four groups (n = 3, in each), including a control group (0 d) and three groups that received deuterium oxide (D2O) for either 10 days, 20 days or 30 days. D2O administration was initiated by an intraperitoneal injection of 20 μL of 99% D2O-saline per g body weight, and maintained by provision of 4% (v/v) D2O in the drinking water available ad libitum. Soluble proteins from harvested muscles were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and identified against the SwissProt database. The enrichment of D2O and rate constant (k) of protein synthesis was calculated from the abundance of peptide mass isotopomers. The fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of 44 proteins in soleus and 34 proteins in plantaris spanned from 0.58%/day (CO1A1: Collagen alpha-1 chain) to 5.40%/day NDRG2 (N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 protein). Eight out of 18 proteins identified in both muscles had a different FSR in soleus than in plantaris (p < 0.05)