Prediction of Obsessive-compulsive Symptoms Based on Negative Affect, Rumination, and Dispositional Mindfulness

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms could be an important background for clinical disorder of OCD. The role of negative affect, rumination, and dispositional mindfulness has not been investigated in previous researches. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to study the relationship among negative affect, rumination, dispositional mindfulness with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. In a descriptive-correlational and crosses- sectional study, 283 students from University of Tabriz have selected by available sampling method during April through May 2017.Maudsley OCD inventory, Positive affect and negative affect scale (PANAS), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and Rumination Scale of the Response Styles Questionnaire were used for collecting the data. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple Regressions tests. The results showed that correlation between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and dispositional mindfulness was negative and significant, correlation between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and negative affect was positive and significant and correlation between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and rumination was significant. Also, negative affect, rumination, and dispositional mindfulness did able to predict the obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Dispositional mindfulness, negative affect, and rumination are the important determinants of obsessive-compulsive symptoms

Relationship of Dispositional Mindfulness, Self-destruction and Self-criticism in Academic Performance of Boy Students

The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship among dispositional mindfulness, self-destruction and self-criticism in academic performance of boy students. In a descriptive-correlation study, 205 high school students from schools of Ahar city were selected by cluster sampling method. The GPA, Freiburg mindfulness inventory, The Levels of Self-Criticism Scale and Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ) were used for data collecting. The results showed that the self-criticism and self-destruction are negatively significant predictors of academic performance, and dispositional mindfulness is positively significant predictor of academic performance. As well as, the comparative self-criticism and internalized self-criticism are negatively significant predictors of academic performance. According to these results, it can be concluded that dispositional mindfulness, self-destruction and self-criticism are important determinants of academic performance. Therefore, it is recommended to use MBSR and MBCT programs to improve the academic performance of students

Loneliness in Breast Cancer Patients with Early Life Adversity: An Investigation of the Effects of Childhood Trauma and Self-Regulation

Childhood trauma may be prevalent in the general population, and the psychosocial treatment of patients with cancer may require consideration of the effects of such early adversity on the healing and recovery process. In this study, we investigated the long-term effects of childhood trauma in 133 women diagnosed with breast cancer (mean age 51, SD = 9) who had experienced physical, sexual, or emotional abuse or neglect. We examined their experience of loneliness and its associations with the severity of childhood trauma, ambivalence about emotional expression, and changes in self-concept during the cancer experience. In total, 29% reported experiencing physical or sexual abuse, and 86% reported neglect or emotional abuse. In addition, 35% of the sample reported loneliness of moderately high severity. Loneliness was directly influenced by the severity of childhood trauma and was directly and indirectly influenced by discrepancies in self-concept and emotional ambivalence. In conclusion, we found that childhood trauma was common in breast cancer patients, with 42% of female patients reporting childhood trauma, and that these early experiences continued to exert negative effects on social connection during the illness trajectory. Assessment of childhood adversity may be recommended as part of routine oncology care, and trauma-informed treatment approaches may improve the healing process in patients with breast cancer and a history of childhood maltreatment

Associations of spiritual well-being and hope with health anxiety severity in patients with Advanced Coronary Artery Disease

Background and Objectives: Health anxiety is one of the most common problems in patients with coronary artery disease. The present study tested whether health anxiety severity could be predicted by spiritual well-being and hope in patients with advanced coronary artery disease. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 100 patients with advanced coronary artery disease were recruited from hospitals and healthcare centers in Iran. Patients completed self-report scales,including the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, Adult Hope Scale, and Short Health Anxiety Inventory. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to empirically explore the relations among variables. Results: Results indicated that patients who reported higher levels of hope (β = 0.42, p < 0.01) and spiritual well-being (β = 0.20, p < 0.05) reported lower levels of health anxiety. Agency (β = 0.58,p < 0.01) scores were a significant negative predictor of health anxiety severity. Additionally, religious spirituality scores (β = 0.28, p < 0.01) were shown to significantly negatively predict health anxiety level. However, the pathways components of hope and existential spirituality were not significant predictors. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that spiritual well-being and hope could be important factors in determining health anxiety for adults with coronary artery disease, and their role is worthy of further exploration to help improve health anxiety for patients with coronary artery disease

The “mask” filtered by the new media: family functioning, perception of risky behaviors and internet addiction in a group of Italian adolescents

Recent literature underlines that, during adolescence, social networks are used to manage friendships. The reflection on the relational dynamics in social networks is based on the construction and shaping identity; online identity becomes not only personal information published on the Internet but also support in defining identity in peer group situations.Internet becomes an integral part of their experiential context, weakening influence of the family context on the development of identity. In this process, the web becomes both architect and theatre of Identity achievement, and it enables the adolescents to choose an impressive visual and comprehensive filter for their lives, contributing to the “Mask” construction or the genesis of a “Pseudo-Self”.The research goal is to investigate the influence of family functioning on the perception of risky behaviors as well as the disfunctional use of the Internet in a group of Italian adolescents, taking part in a research-intervention, carried out within school organizational context. The research involved 110 high school students, aged between 15 and 18 (with an average age of 16.14 years), who, in test and test-re test phases, completed the following instruments: Family Assessment Device, Cognitive Appraisal of Risky Events, and Internet Addiction Test. Data show that the perceived behavioral control determines a higher risk perceptions; an elevated problem-solving capacity and family communication lead to reduce the internet use in students. In the field of identity development, the reflection on the relationship between the image and its representation on the social networks is fundamental, in order to help adolescents to become aware of their choices

Effectiveness of Transactional Analysis Group Therapy on Addiction Intensity of Woman Patients Treated with Methadone

Background: Addiction brings about severe and profound physical, psychological and social damages such as divorce, crime, and unemployment. The present study was to investigate the effectiveness of transactional analysis (TA) therapy on addiction intensity of woman patients treated with methadone.Methods: The research design was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all the addicted women who referred to any drug rehabilitation center of Tehran, Iran, in 2016. They were selected using available sampling. Forty addicted patients were placed randomly in both the experimental and control groups. Addiction severity index (ASI) and demographic questionnaires were used. Group therapy using TA approach was executed on the experimental group for 10 sessions, each session for 2 hours (one session per week).Findings: The results of covariance analysis after controlling pretest showed that the difference between test and control group was significant for three subscales of psychological, drug abuse and alcohol consumption status (P < 0.001). The difference between test and control groups was significant considering the seven-variable centroid (P < 0.001). The difference in dimensions of addiction intensity between the two groups was significant (P < 0.001). Also, analysis of the variables separately showed significant differences in psychiatric condition, drug and alcohol use dimensions (P < 0.001).Conclusion: Based on these findings, it seems that group therapy using TA approach is effective in reducing addiction intensity of woman patients treated with methadone. Therefore, it can be concluded that TA group interventions account for 76% of the changes in psychological status, 43% of the changes in drug abuse status, and 49% of the changes in alcohol consumption status in woman patients under methadone treatment

Relationship Between Personality Dimensions and Hopelessness: A Study on College Students

AbstractAim: the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality dimensions and hopelessness.Method: in this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 120 college students from Kermanshah University were selected by convenience sampling method as research sample. NEO-FFM Questionnaire and Beck's Hopelessness Scale were used to collect data. Descriptive statistical indicators (statistics), such as frequency, mean, standard deviation and Pearson's correlation test were utilized to analyze the data.Results: the findings showed that there is significant relationship between hopelessness and extraversion (r= -0/58, p> 0/01), conscientiousness (r= 0/60, p> 0/01), neuroticism (r= 0/54, p> 0/01) and agreeableness (r= -0/50, p> 0/01). The relationship between hopelessness and openness was not significant.Conclusion: these results suggests that personality dimensions of conscientiousness, neuroticism, extraversion and agreeableness have essential roles in hopelessness of college student

Happiness and Willingness to Communicate in Three Attachment Styles: A Study on College Students

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate happiness and willingness to communicate in three attachment styles on college students. using cluster sampling method, 400 students were selected as sample. Hazan and Shaver‘s Adult attachment styles scale, Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSCH) and willingness to communicate scale were used for collecting of data. Data analysis using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc multiple comparison were performed. the results showed that there are significant difference among attachment styles on happiness. Students with secure attachment style than non-secure have a higher happiness and student with avoidant attachment style compared with ambivalent attachment have a higher happiness. Another result showed that there are significant differences among attachment styles on willingness to communicate. Students with secure attachment style than non-secure students have a higher willingness to communicate and also students with ambivalent attachment style compared with avoidant students have a higher willingness to communicate. these results suggest that secure attachment style is a main factor in happiness and willingness to communicate of individuals

Associations of Spiritual Well-Being and Hope with Health Anxiety Severity in Patients with Advanced Coronary Artery Disease

Background and Objectives: Health anxiety is one of the most common problems in patients with coronary artery disease. The present study tested whether health anxiety severity could be predicted by spiritual well-being and hope in patients with advanced coronary artery disease. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 100 patients with advanced coronary artery disease were recruited from hospitals and healthcare centers in Iran. Patients completed self-report scales, including the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, Adult Hope Scale, and Short Health Anxiety Inventory. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to empirically explore the relations among variables. Results: Results indicated that patients who reported higher levels of hope (β = 0.42, p &lt; 0.01) and spiritual well-being (β = 0.20, p &lt; 0.05) reported lower levels of health anxiety. Agency (β = 0.58, p &lt; 0.01) scores were a significant negative predictor of health anxiety severity. Additionally, religious spirituality scores (β = 0.28, p &lt; 0.01) were shown to significantly negatively predict health anxiety level. However, the pathways components of hope and existential spirituality were not significant predictors. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that spiritual well-being and hope could be important factors in determining health anxiety for adults with coronary artery disease, and their role is worthy of further exploration to help improve health anxiety for patients with coronary artery disease

The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Anxiety and Stress in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Single-Subject Study

Background and objectives: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is associated with negative emotions of anger and stress, which are one of the nonclinical risk factors of the disease. Therefore, evaluation of the effective therapeutic models alleviating the patients’ negative emotions is of paramount importance. This study aimed to examine the effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on anger and stress in patients with coronary heart disease after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Methods: This research had an A-B single-subject design. The research population encompassed all patients with coronary heart disease referring to Shahid Madani Hospital of Tabriz, Iran during the second half of 2016 for rehabilitation measures. Four patients were selected using convenience sampling. Before the interventions, the participants completed state-trait anger expression inventory (STAXI-2, Spielberger) and depression anxiety stress scale (DASS) throughout two consecutive weeks, which led to establishing two baselines. Afterwards, they received mindfulness-based stress reduction training during seven consecutive weeks and completed the questionnaires after each intervention. Percentage of recovery, percentage of non-overlapping data (PND), standard mean difference (SMD), and effect size were used to analyze the data, and eye diagram analysis was adopted to interpret the data. Results: The findings indicated that the mean recovery rate for all participants was 0.84 and its effect size index was 2.7. Moreover, the mean percentage of recovery and the effect size index of mindfulness intervention on the patients’ anger were 0.18 and 1.38, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it could be concluded that mindfulness-based stress reduction is an effective intervention to regulate stress in patients suffering from coronary heart disease