Approaches, Strategies and Theoretical and Practice-Based Research Methods to investigate and archive video art:Some reflections from the REWIND projects

This paper will discuss methodologies, approaches and issues, emerging out of three major research projects that have investigated early histories of video art in Europe: REWIND (2004 ongoing), REWINDItalia (2011-2014) and EWVA (2015-2018). The paper will discuss how the projects have engaged with the history of the apparatus, the identity and status of the artworks, preservation methods, and the legacy of these video artworks today. A particular focus will be on semi-structured questionnaires for interviews structured to capture oral histories, memories and recollections, that in some cases would have been otherwise lost to future knowledge and the uncovering of lost artworks and their available documentation. The speakers directly involved in the projects - will discuss solutions, risks and experiences encountered in the projects and future research perspectives for re-covering, collecting, archiving and narrating the histories of early video art in Europe. The paper will discuss also different practice-based research methods, platforms and engagement strategies, including re-installation and re-enactment

Constraints on the structure and seasonal variations of Triton's atmosphere from the 5 October 2017 stellar occultation and previous observations

Context. A stellar occultation by Neptune's main satellite, Triton, was observed on 5 October 2017 from Europe, North Africa, and the USA. We derived 90 light curves from this event, 42 of which yielded a central flash detection. Aims. We aimed at constraining Triton's atmospheric structure and the seasonal variations of its atmospheric pressure since the Voyager 2 epoch (1989). We also derived the shape of the lower atmosphere from central flash analysis. Methods. We used Abel inversions and direct ray-tracing code to provide the density, pressure, and temperature profiles in the altitude range similar to 8 km to similar to 190 km, corresponding to pressure levels from 9 mu bar down to a few nanobars. Results. (i) A pressure of 1.18 +/- 0.03 mu bar is found at a reference radius of 1400 km (47 km altitude). (ii) A new analysis of the Voyager 2 radio science occultation shows that this is consistent with an extrapolation of pressure down to the surface pressure obtained in 1989. (iii) A survey of occultations obtained between 1989 and 2017 suggests that an enhancement in surface pressure as reported during the 1990s might be real, but debatable, due to very few high S/N light curves and data accessible for reanalysis. The volatile transport model analysed supports a moderate increase in surface pressure, with a maximum value around 2005-2015 no higher than 23 mu bar. The pressures observed in 1995-1997 and 2017 appear mutually inconsistent with the volatile transport model presented here. (iv) The central flash structure does not show evidence of an atmospheric distortion. We find an upper limit of 0.0011 for the apparent oblateness of the atmosphere near the 8 km altitude.J.M.O. acknowledges financial support from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and the European Social Fund (ESF) through the PhD grant SFRH/BD/131700/2017. The work leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's H2020 2014-2021 ERC grant Agreement nffi 669416 "Lucky Star". We thank S. Para who supported some travels to observe the 5 October 2017 occultation. T.B. was supported for this research by an appointment to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Post-Doctoral Program at the Ames Research Center administered by Universities Space Research Association (USRA) through a contract with NASA. We acknowledge useful exchanges with Mark Gurwell on the ALMA CO observations. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium).Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. J.L.O., P.S.-S., N.M. and R.D. acknowledge financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709), they also acknowledge the financial support by the Spanish grant AYA-2017-84637-R and the Proyecto de Excelencia de la Junta de Andalucia J.A. 2012-FQM1776. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement no. 687378, as part of the project "Small Bodies Near and Far" (SBNAF). P.S.-S. acknowledges financial support by the Spanish grant AYA-RTI2018-098657-J-I00 "LEO-SBNAF". The work was partially based on observations made at the Laboratorio Nacional de Astrofisica (LNA), Itajuba-MG, Brazil. The following authors acknowledge the respective CNPq grants: F.B.-R. 309578/2017-5; R.V.-M. 304544/2017-5, 401903/2016-8; J.I.B.C. 308150/2016-3 and 305917/2019-6; M.A. 427700/20183, 310683/2017-3, 473002/2013-2. This study was financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior -Brasil (CAPES) -Finance Code 001 and the National Institute of Science and Technology of the e-Universe project (INCT do e-Universo, CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). G.B.R. acknowledges CAPES-FAPERJ/PAPDRJ grant E26/203.173/2016 and CAPES-PRINT/UNESP grant 88887.571156/2020-00, M.A. FAPERJ grant E26/111.488/2013 and A.R.G.Jr. FAPESP grant 2018/11239-8. B.E.M. thanks CNPq 150612/2020-6 and CAPES/Cofecub-394/2016-05 grants. Part of the photometric data used in this study were collected in the frame of the photometric observations with the robotic and remotely controlled telescope at the University of Athens Observatory (UOAO; Gazeas 2016). The 2.3 m Aristarchos telescope is operated on Helmos Observatory by the Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing of the National Observatory of Athens. Observations with the 2.3 m Aristarchos telescope were carried out under OPTICON programme. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 730890. This material reflects only the authors views and the Commission is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. The 1. 2m Kryoneri telescope is operated by the Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing of the National Observatory of Athens. The Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta Valley (OAVdA) is managed by the Fondazione Clement Fillietroz-ONLUS, which is supported by the Regional Government of the Aosta Valley, the Town Municipality of Nus and the "Unite des Communes valdotaines Mont-Emilius". The 0.81 m Main Telescope at the OAVdA was upgraded thanks to a Shoemaker NEO Grant 2013 from The Planetary Society. D.C. and J.M.C. acknowledge funds from a 2017 'Research and Education' grant from Fondazione CRT-Cassa di Risparmio di Torino. P.M. acknowledges support from the Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia ref. PTDC/FISAST/29942/2017 through national funds and by FEDER through COMPETE 2020 (ref. POCI010145 FEDER007672). F.J. acknowledges Jean Luc Plouvier for his help. S.J.F. and C.A. would like to thank the UCL student support observers: Helen Dai, Elise Darragh-Ford, Ross Dobson, Max Hipperson, Edward Kerr-Dineen, Isaac Langley, Emese Meder, Roman Gerasimov, Javier Sanjuan, and Manasvee Saraf. We are grateful to the CAHA, OSN and La Hita Observatory staffs. This research is partially based on observations collected at Centro Astronomico HispanoAleman (CAHA) at Calar Alto, operated jointly by Junta de Andalucia and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IAA-CSIC). This research was also partially based on observation carried out at the Observatorio de Sierra Nevada (OSN) operated by Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC). This article is also based on observations made with the Liverpool Telescope operated on the island of La Palma by Liverpool John Moores University in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias with financial support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. Partially based on observations made with the Tx40 and Excalibur telescopes at the Observatorio Astrofisico de Javalambre in Teruel, a Spanish Infraestructura Cientifico-Tecnica Singular (ICTS) owned, managed and operated by the Centro de Estudios de Fisica del Cosmos de Aragon (CEFCA). Tx40 and Excalibur are funded with the Fondos de Inversiones de Teruel (FITE). A.R.R. would like to thank Gustavo Roman for the mechanical adaptation of the camera to the telescope to allow for the observation to be recorded. R.H., J.F.R., S.P.H. and A.S.L. have been supported by the Spanish projects AYA2015-65041P and PID2019-109467GB-100 (MINECO/FEDER, UE) and Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1366-19. Our great thanks to Omar Hila and their collaborators in Atlas Golf Marrakech Observatory for providing access to the T60cm telescope. TRAPPIST is a project funded by the Belgian Fonds (National) de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S.-FNRS) under grant PDR T.0120.21. TRAPPIST-North is a project funded by the University of Liege, and performed in collaboration with Cadi Ayyad University of Marrakesh. E.J. is a FNRS Senior Research Associate

Constraints on the structure and seasonal variations of Triton’s atmosphere from the 5 October 2017 stellar occultation and previous observations⋆

Context. A stellar occultation by Neptune's main satellite, Triton, was observed on 5 October 2017 from Europe, North Africa, and the USA. We derived 90 light curves from this event, 42 of which yielded a central flash detection. Aims. We aimed at constraining Triton's atmospheric structure and the seasonal variations of its atmospheric pressure since the Voyager 2 epoch (1989). We also derived the shape of the lower atmosphere from central flash analysis. Methods. We used Abel inversions and direct ray-tracing code to provide the density, pressure, and temperature profiles in the altitude range ∼8 km to ∼190 km, corresponding to pressure levels from 9 μbar down to a few nanobars. Results. (i) A pressure of 1.18 ± 0.03 μbar is found at a reference radius of 1400 km (47 km altitude). (ii) A new analysis of the Voyager 2 radio science occultation shows that this is consistent with an extrapolation of pressure down to the surface pressure obtained in 1989. (iii) A survey of occultations obtained between 1989 and 2017 suggests that an enhancement in surface pressure as reported during the 1990s might be real, but debatable, due to very few high S/N light curves and data accessible for reanalysis. The volatile transport model analysed supports a moderate increase in surface pressure, with a maximum value around 2005-2015 no higher than 23 μbar. The pressures observed in 1995-1997 and 2017 appear mutually inconsistent with the volatile transport model presented here. (iv) The central flash structure does not show evidence of an atmospheric distortion. We find an upper limit of 0.0011 for the apparent oblateness of the atmosphere near the 8 km altitude

Entwicklung und Erprobung eines Schulungsfahrzeugs fuer laerm- und schadstoffarme Fahrweise

Work on this R and D project included development of a miniaturized speed governing device for avoiding unnecessarily high engine speeds, noise and exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. The unit was tested successfully in three vehicles. As part of a practical driving instruction scheme, a total of 14 driving school learners were trained by 4 driving instructors using a vehicle with the speed governing device. A system for logging typical operational data such as engine speed, vehicle speed, drive-by level etc. was also developed. In addition to development of the data logging system, software for calculating emissions of the pollutants CO_2 and NO_x was programmed. The relevant algorithms were devised by the Institute of Environmental Protection and Energy Technology of the TUeV Rheinland. The quality of the emission computation was verified on the TUeV Rheinland exhaust test stand. (orig.)Im Rahmen dieses F+E-Vorhabens wurde eine miniaturisierte Drehzahlbegrenzungseinrichtung entwickelt, mit der unnoetig hohe Motordrehzahlen, Geraeusch- und Abgasemissionen und Kraftstoffverbraeuche verhindert werden koennen. Die Anlage wurde mit Erfolg in drei Fahrzeugen erprobt. Im Rahmen einer praktischen Fahrausbildung wurden insgesamt 14 Fahrschueler von 4 Fahrlehrern auf einem Fahrzeug mit der Drehzahlbegrenzungseinrichtung geschult. Darueber hinaus wurde ein Messsystem zur Erfassung typischer Betriebsdaten wie Motordrehzahl, Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit, Vorbeifahrtpegel usw. entwickelt. Die Messwerterfassung wurde um einen Programmteil ergaenzt, mit dem die Emissionen der Schadstoffkomponenten CO_2 und NO_x berechnet werden koennen. Die entsprechenden Berechnungsformeln wurden vom Institut fuer Umweltschutz und Energietechnik des TUeV Rheinland erarbeitet. Die Guete der Emissionsberechnung wurde auf dem Abgaspruefstand des TUeV Rheinland verifiziert. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: RN 8908(93-039) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Erarbeitung wissenschaftlich technischer Grundlagen fuer EG-Richtlinien auf dem Gebiet der Laermbekaempfung. T. 1 und 2 Ringversuch auf Teststrecken nach dem Vorschlag der ISO/TC 43/SC 1/WG 27. Untersuchungen zum Messverfahren fuer die Typpruefung von LkW

In part I of the research project, a Round Robin test was conducted with 5 cars and one heavy goods vehicle on test tracks built in various countries to the specifications laid down in a provisional draft standard of the ISO/TC 43/SC 1/WG 27 working group. It is evident from the results that reproducibility under different operating parameters is #<=# 2 dB(A) for tracks complying with the specifications required by the draft standard. Additional measurements of noise emitted by stationary vehicles that the measured noise values are often influenced significantly by the absorption coefficient and voids content of the tracks. In Part II of the research project, studies of the measuring method for heavy goods vehicles are reported. Results show that the modifications to the current homologation test method for HGV's suggested by the ad hoc EC ''Noise'' group are practicable, and that on ''ISO surfaces'' they produce measurements virtually identical to those obtained with current measuring methods. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RN 8908(93-118) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Entwicklung und Erprobung eines Verfahrens zum Durchbohren von doppelten Tuebbingsaeulen zur Ermittlung ihres Belastungszustandes im Hinblick auf die Gewinnbarkeit schachtnaher Vorraete Schlussbericht

With 9 tabs., 38 figs.SIGLETIB: FR 4118 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Entwicklung und Erprobung von Massnahmen zur Erkennung und Verhuetung von Entspannungsschlaegen aus dem Liegenden Schlussbericht

With 25 refs., 14 tabs., 50 figs.Available from TIB Hannover: FR 5136 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Entwicklung und Erprobung von Fernueberwachungseinrichtungen fuer Gebirgsspannungen in stehenden Kohlenstoessen im Hinblick auf Gebirgsschlaggefahr (Hauptphase) Abschlussbericht

With 10 refs., 5 tabs., 23 figs.SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: FR 5137+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Einfluss der instationaeren Betriebsweise von Nutzfahrzeugen und deren Beruecksichtigung bei der Emissionsmessung nach ECE R 49

The test used to determine harmful emissions according to ECE Regulation No. 49 or EC Directive 88/77/EEC for diesel-engined commercial vehicles exceeding 3.5 t permitted total mass was devised at the beginning of the nineteen-seventies. Since that time there have been considerable changes in both traffic conditions and engine technology, raising the question of whether the operating modes in the 13 mode test according to ECE R 49 are still representative for modern lorry diesel engines and whether dynamic operating modes should not also be included when determining harmful emissions. In order to answer these questions, loads experienced in practical operations were registered and analyzed for a total of 25 commercial vehicles. Analogous results for 4 Swiss vehicles were also included in the analysis. On the basis of the results, a proposal for a modified 13 mode test with more realistic static engine map points was devised; the extended version also includes engine map points in the motoring range. A dynamic test cyle for use in measuring harmful emissions from commercial vehicle engines was devised on the basis of parallel cycles developed for updating the emission factors. Since the cycle is composed of subcycles for urban, highway and motorway zones, it is possible to determine the emissions for each subcycle seperately and to add weighting factors when totalling the subemissions. The report also submits a new proposal for a dynamic criterion. (orig.)Der Test zur Ermittlung der Schadstoffemissionen nach der ECE-Regelung Nr. 49 bzw. der EG-Richtlinie 88/77/EWG bei Dieselmotoren fuer Nutzfahrzeuge ueber 3,5 t zul. Gesamtmasse wurde Anfang der 70er Jahre konzipiert. In der Zwischenzeit haben sich jedoch sowohl die Verkehrsverhaeltnisse als auch die Motorentechnik erheblich gewandelt, so dass es fraglich ist, ob die Betriebszustaende des 13-Stufen-Tests nach ECE R 49 bei modernen Lkw-Dieselmotoren noch repraesentativ sind und ob nicht auch dynamische Betriebzustaende bei der Ermittlung der Schadstoffemissionen beruecksichtigt werden muessen. Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen wurden die im praktischen Betrieb auftretenden Lastkollektive von insgesamt 25 Nutzfahrzeugen registriert und analysiert. In die Auswertung wurden zudem analoge Messergebnise von 4 schweizerischen Fahrzeugen mit einbezogen. Auf der Grundlage der Messergebnisse wurde ein Vorschlag fuer einen modifizierten 13-Stufen Test mit praxisnaehreren stationaeren Kennfeldpunkten erarbeitet, der in seiner erweiterten Fassung auch Kennfeldpunkte im Schubbereich umfasst. Zusaetzlich wurde aus parallel erarbeiteten Zyklen fuer die Aktualisierung der Emissionsfaktoren ein dynamischer Pruefzyklus fuer die Messung der Schadstoffemissionen von Nutzfahrzeugmotoren erarbeitet. Da der Zyklus aus Teilzyklen fuer Innerortsbereich, Landstrasse und Autobahn zusammengesetzt ist, besteht auch die Moeglichkeit, die Emissionen fuer jeden Teilzyklus getrennt zu bestimmen und die Addition zum Gesamtergebnis mit Gewichtungsfaktoren zu versehen. Darueber hinaus wurde ein neuer Vorschlag fuer ein Dynamikkriterium ausgearbeitet. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RN 8908(98-062) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekUmweltbundesamt, Berlin (Germany)DEGerman

Laermminderung an kommunalen Park- und Landschaftspflegegeraeten Sichel-Maehwerke mit Schnittbreiten bis 1,2 m

Available from TIB Hannover: RN 8908(90-097) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman