The role of variation in genetic susceptibility to soybean rust on the photosynthetic competence of infected leaves.

Three soybean rust infection types have been reported: 1) tan lesions indicate a compatible and susceptible reaction, 2) red- brown (RB) lesion type has been associated with few non-sporulating uredinia representing a resistant reaction, and 3) immune reaction with no visible evidence of infection. Differences among cultivars would imply genotypic differences in tolerance, which can be define as the ability of the host to endure the presence of the pathogen with reduced disease symptoms and/or damages. Soybean rust-induced yield loss has been associated with reduction in light interception due to premature leaf loss and the lesions on the remaining green leaves. Incorporation of the effect of the pathogen on photosynthetic efficiency of disease leaves from different soybean cultivars in model to predict production might increase the accuracy and precision of the estimates supply by this model. Bastiaans (1991) proposed the concept of a "virtual lesion" and developed a simple model Y= (1-x)? to fit empirical data and describe the relationship between the reduction in relative photosynthesis in a diseased leaf (Y), and the disease severity (x). The value of â indicates whether the effect of disease on photosynthesis is higher (? > 1), lower (? < l) or equal (? = 1) to that accounted for by the observed diseased area. Reliable estimate of disease effects on growth and yield depends on the ability to accurate quantify the parameter ?. The objective of the current study was to determine the role of host-plant variation in disease susceptibility on soybean leaf gas exchange in field and control environment studies. The specific objectives are to quantify the ? value for SBR-infected leaves as influenced by plant growing conditions and genetic variation in disease susceptibility.Edição do Proceedings of the National Soybean Rust Symposium, New Orleans, 2009

Proceedings of the 17th Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (March 20-22, 1990, Biloxi, Mississippi): Soybean Disease Control at a Crossroad

Contents Southern Soybean Disease Workers Officers 1989-1990 Southern Soybean Disease Workers Program Committee 1989-1990 Southern Soybean Disease Workers Committee Chairmen 1989-1990 General session Presidential address. B Gazaway Keynote address. K Smith Invited speakers Future Impacts of Biotechnology on Soybean Production and Uses. X Delannay Diseases of Soybean Associated with International Seed Trade. B Moore Impact of Regulatory Change and GLP\u27s on New Fungicide Discovery and Development. G Hammes Graduate student papers Double-Stranded RNA and Virus-Like Particles From the Soybean Stem canker Pathogen, Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora. Y Lee, JP Snow, GT Berggren, and RA Valverde Development of Soybean Varieties Resistant to Phomopsis Seed Decay. MS Zimmerman and HC Minor Cloning of the vir Region of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Chry 5, a Strain Highly Virulent on Soybean. LG Kovacs, JA Wrather, and SG Pueppke Role of Overwintering Bean Leaf Beetle in the Epidemiology of Bean Pod Mottle Virus in Soybeans in Kentucky. JR dosAnjos, SA Ghabinal, DE Hershman, and DW Johnson Contributed papers SSDW soybean Disease Loss Estimates G Sciumbato Effects of Amino Acid Biosynthesis Inhibiting Herbicides on in vitro Growth and Development of Calonectria crotalariae. DK Berner, GT Berggren, and JP Snow Infection Cushion Formation by Rhizoctonia solani on Soybean Leaves. CS Kousik, JP Snow, and GT Berggren Is Stem Canker Monocyclic? KV SubbaRao, JP Snow, and GT Berggren Early-season Fungicide Sprays for Soybean Stem Canker Control. AY Chambers SSDW business session Treasurer\u27s report, 1989. G Hammes Contributed paper session Effect of Frogeye Leaf Spot on Soybeans in Florida. FM Shakes and CK Hiebsch Comparison of Application Timing of Two Foliar Fungicides for Control of Soybean Diseases. JC Rupe and MJ Cochran Performance of Soybean Lines under Stress Due to Brown Stem Rot, Soybean Cyst Nematode, and Iron Deficiency Chlorosis. LM Mansur, H Tachibana, and K Bidne Performance of Soybean Cultivars in Cyst and Peanut Root-Knot Nematode Infested Fields. CE Drye, DK Barefield, ER Shipe, and JD Mueller Yield of Aldicarb Treated Nematode Resistant and Susceptible Soybean Varieties. CE Drye, ER Garner, and JD Mueller Distribution, Races, and Effects of Soybean Cyst Nematode in Missouri. TL Niblack and GS Smith Performance of Selected Nematicides in a Field Infested with Root-Knot and Cyst Nematodes. RW Young, R Rodríguez-Kábana, and EL Carden Performance of Selected Soybean Cultivars in a Field Infested with Meloidogyne arenaria and Heterodera glycines. DG Robertson, R Rodríguez-Kábana, D Weaver, and EL Carden Sorghum-Soybean Rotation for the Management of Root-Knot and Cyst Nematodes: Long Term Effects. CF Weaver, R Rodríguez-Kábana, DB Weaver, and EL Carden Bahiagrass-Soybean Rotation for the Management of Root-Knot and Cyst Nematodes: Long Term Effects. PS King, R Rodríguez-Kábana, DB Weaver, and EL Carden Peanut-Soybean Rotations for the Management of Meloidogyne arenaria. R Rodríguez-Kábana, and DG Robertson Field Evaluation of Polyspecific Nematode Resistance in Soybean. DB Weaver, R Rodríguez-Kábana, and EL Carden Long Term Effects of Selected Rotations with Soybeans and Corn on Populations of Meloidogyne arenaria. R Rodríguez-Kábana, and D.G. Robertson Histopathology of Soybean Roots Inoculated with Fusariurn solani and Heterodera glycines. KS McLean, KW Roy and GW Lawrence. The opinions expressed by the participants at this conference are their own and do not necessarily represent the views of the southern Soybean Disease Workers (SSDW). Text, references, figures, and tables are reproduced essentially as they were supplied by the author(s) of each paper. Mention of pesticides does not constitute a recommendation for use, nor does it imply that the pesticides are registered under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act as · amended. The use of trade names in this publication does not constitute a guarantee, warranty, or endorsement of the products by SSDW

Association of Meniscal Status, Lower Extremity Alignment, and Body Mass Index With Chondrosis at Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

BACKGROUND: Knees undergoing revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (rACLR) have a high prevalence of articular cartilage lesions. HYPOTHESIS: The prevalence of chondrosis at the time of rACLR is associated with meniscal status and lower extremity alignment. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: Data from the prospective Multicenter ACL Revision Study (MARS) cohort were reviewed to identify patients with preoperative lower extremity alignment films. Lower extremity alignment was defined by the weightbearing line (WBL) as a percentage of the tibial plateau width, while the chondral and meniscal status of each weightbearing compartment was recorded at the time of surgery. Multivariable proportional odds models were constructed and adjusted for relevant factors to examine which risk factors were independently associated with the degree of medial and lateral compartment chondrosis. RESULTS: The cohort included 246 patients with lower extremity alignment films at the time of rACLR. Mean (+/-SD) patient age was 26.9 +/- 9.5 years and body mass index (BMI) was 26.4 +/- 4.6. The medial compartment had more chondrosis (grade 2/3, 42%; grade 4, 6.5%) than did the lateral compartment (grade 2/3, 26%; grade 4, 6.5%). Disruption of the meniscus was noted in 35% of patients on the medial side and 16% in the lateral side. The mean WBL was 0.43 +/- 0.13. Medial compartment chondrosis was associated with BMI (P = .025), alignment (P = .002), and medial meniscal status (P = .001). None of the knees with the WBL lateral to 0.625 had grade 4 chondrosis in the medial compartment. Lateral compartment chondrosis was significantly associated with age (P = .013) and lateral meniscal status (P \u3c .001). Subjects with intact menisci were found to decrease their odds of having chondrosis by 64% to 84%. CONCLUSION: The status of articular cartilage in the tibiofemoral compartments at the time of rACLR is related to meniscal status. Lower extremity alignment and BMI are associated with medial compartment chondrosis

Next generation sequencing with copy number variant detection expands the phenotypic spectrum of HSD17B4-deficiency

Background: D-bifunctional protein deficiency, caused by recessive mutations in HSD17B4, is a severe, infantile-onset disorder of peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation. Few affected patients survive past two years of age. Compound heterozygous mutations in HSD17B4 have also been reported in two sisters diagnosed with Perrault syndrome (MIM # 233400), who presented in adolescence with ovarian dysgenesis, hearing loss, and ataxia. Case presentation: An adult male presented with cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, hearing loss, and azoospermia. The clinical presentation, in combination with biochemical findings in serum, urine, and muscle biopsy, suggested a mitochondrial disorder. Commercial genetic testing of 18 ataxia and mitochondrial disease genes was negative. Targeted exome sequencing followed by analysis of single nucleotide variants and small insertions/deletions failed to reveal a genetic basis of disease. Application of a computational algorithm to infer copy number variants (CNVs) from exome data revealed a heterozygous 12 kb deletion of exons 10–13 of HSD17B4 that was compounded with a rare missense variant (p.A196V) at a highly conserved residue. Retrospective review of patient records revealed mildly elevated ratios of pristanic:phytanic acid and arachidonic:docosahexaenoic acid, consistent with dysfunctional peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation. Conclusion: Our case expands the phenotypic spectrum of HSD17B4-deficiency, representing the first male case reported with infertility. Furthermore, it points to crosstalk between mitochondria and peroxisomes in HSD17B4-deficiency and Perrault syndrome

Endocrine therapy and related issues in hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer: a roundtable discussion by the breast cancer therapy expert group (BCTEG)

Purpose: Management of breast cancer is a rapidly evolving field, and, although evidence-based guidelines are available for clinicians to provide direction on critical issues in patient care, clinicians often left to address these issues in the context of community practice situations with their patients. These include the patient’s comorbid conditions, actual versus perceived benefit of treatments, patient’s compliance as well as financial/reimbursement issues, and long-term tolerability of therapy. Methods: A meeting of global oncology experts was convened in January 2017 with the belief that there is a gap in clinical practice guidance on several fundamental issues in breast cancer care, particularly in the community setting, where oncologists may encounter multiple tumor types. The goal was to discuss some of the most important questions in this area and provide some guidance for practicing oncologists. Results: Topics addressed included risk of contralateral breast cancer recurrence in patients with estrogen receptor-positive early breast cancer who have undergone 5 years of adjuvant endocrine therapy, adverse events associated with endocrine therapy and their management, emergent data on adjuvant bisphosphonate therapy and its apparent benefit in reducing breast cancer recurrence, recent findings of extended adjuvant endocrine therapy trials, and the use of currently available genomic biomarker tests as a means of further informing treatment decisions. Conclusions: A summary of the discussion on these topics and several ‘expert opinion statements’ are provided herein in an effort to convey the collective insights of the panel as it relates to current standard practice

A survey of breast cancer physicians regarding patient involvement in breast cancer treatment decisions

Purpose: Shared breast cancer treatment decision-making between patients and physicians increases patient treatment satisfaction and compliance and is influenced by physician-related factors. Attitudes and behaviors about patient involvement in breast cancer treatment decisions and treatment-related communication were assessed by specialty among breast cancer physicians of women enrolled in the Breast Cancer Quality of Care Study (BQUAL). Results: Of 275 BQUAL physicians identified, 50.0% responded to the survey. Most physicians spend 46-60 min with the patient during the initial consult visit and 51.5% report that the treatment decision is made in one visit. Oncologists spend more time with new breast cancer patients during the initial consult (p = 0.021), and find it more difficult to handle their own feelings than breast surgeons (p = less than 0.001). Conclusion: Breast surgeons and oncologists share similar attitudes and behaviors related to patient involvement in treatment decision-making, yet oncologists report more difficulty managing their own feelings during the decision-making process

Integrating value of research into NCI Clinical Trials Cooperative Group research review and prioritization: A pilot study

BackgroundThe Institute of Medicine has called for approaches to help maximize the return on investments (ROI) in cancer clinical trials. Value of Research (VOR) is a health economics technique that estimates ROI and can inform research prioritization. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of using VOR analyses on the clinical trial proposal review process within the SWOG cancer clinical trials consortium.MethodsWe used a previously developed minimal modeling approach to calculate VOR estimates for 9 phase II/III SWOG proposals between February 2015 and December 2016. Estimates were presented to executive committee (EC) members (N = 12) who determine which studies are sent to the National Cancer Institute for funding consideration. EC members scored proposals from 1 (best) to 5 based on scientific merit and potential impact before and after receiving VOR estimates. EC members were surveyed to assess research priorities, proposal evaluation process satisfaction, and the VOR process.ResultsValue of Research estimates ranged from −$2.1B to$16.46B per proposal. Following review of VOR results, the EC changed their score for eight of nine proposals. Proposal rankings were different in pre‐ vs postscores (P value: 0.03). Respondents had mixed views of the ultimate utility of VOR for their decisions with most supporting (42%) or neutral (41%) to the idea of adding VOR to the evaluation process.ConclusionsThe findings from this pilot study indicate use of VOR analyses may be a useful adjunct to inform proposal reviews within NCI Cooperative Clinical Trials groups.The Instiztute of Medicine has called for approaches to help maximize the return on investments in cancer clinical trials. The findings from this pilot study indicate use of value of research analyses may be a useful adjunct to inform proposal reviews within NCI Cooperative Clinical Trials groups.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146484/1/cam41657.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146484/2/cam41657_am.pd

Variability in chemotherapy delivery for elderly women with advanced stage ovarian cancer and its impact on survival

Given the survival benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer (OC), we examined the associations of survival with the time interval from debulking surgery to initiation of chemotherapy and with the duration of chemotherapy. Among patients ⩾65 years with stages III/IV OC diagnosed between 1991 and 2002 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database, we developed regression models of predictors of the time interval from surgery to initiation of chemotherapy and of the total duration of chemotherapy. Survival was examined with Cox proportional hazards models. Among 2558 patients, 1712 (67%) initiated chemotherapy within 6 weeks of debulking surgery, while 846 (33%) began treatment >6 weeks. Older age, black race, being unmarried, and increased comorbidities were associated with delayed initiation of chemotherapy. Delay of chemotherapy was associated with an increase in mortality (hazard ratio (HR)=1.11; 95% CI, 1.0–1.2). Among 1932 patients in the duration of treatment analysis, the 1218 (63%) treated for 3–7 months had better survival than the 714 (37%) treated for ⩽3 months (HR=0.84; 95% CI, 0.75–0.94). This analysis represents one of the few studies describing treatment delivery and outcome in women with advanced OC. Delayed initiation and early discontinuation of chemotherapy were common and associated with increased mortality

Unsupervised machine learning to investigate trajectory patterns of COVID-19 symptoms and physical activity measured via the MyHeart Counts App and smart devices

Previous studies have associated COVID-19 symptoms severity with levels of physical activity. We therefore investigated longitudinal trajectories of COVID-19 symptoms in a cohort of healthcare workers (HCWs) with non-hospitalised COVID-19 and their real-world physical activity. 121 HCWs with a history of COVID-19 infection who had symptoms monitored through at least two research clinic visits, and via smartphone were examined. HCWs with a compatible smartphone were provided with an Apple Watch Series 4 and were asked to install the MyHeart Counts Study App to collect COVID-19 symptom data and multiple physical activity parameters. Unsupervised classification analysis of symptoms identified two trajectory patterns of long and short symptom duration. The prevalence for longitudinal persistence of any COVID-19 symptom was 36% with fatigue and loss of smell being the two most prevalent individual symptom trajectories (24.8% and 21.5%, respectively). 8 physical activity features obtained via the MyHeart Counts App identified two groups of trajectories for high and low activity. Of these 8 parameters only ‘distance moved walking or running’ was associated with COVID-19 symptom trajectories. We report a high prevalence of long-term symptoms of COVID-19 in a non-hospitalised cohort of HCWs, a method to identify physical activity trends, and investigate their association. These data highlight the importance of tracking symptoms from onset to recovery even in non-hospitalised COVID-19 individuals. The increasing ease in collecting real-world physical activity data non-invasively from wearable devices provides opportunity to investigate the association of physical activity to symptoms of COVID-19 and other cardio-respiratory diseases