Implementasi Sistem Penjadwalan Trucking Dan Heavy Equipment Rental Dengan Menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Process (Ahp)

Kemajuan teknologi informasi yang semakin canggih di era globalisasi saat ini, diperlukan sebuah sistem yang mendukung sistem penjadwalan trucking dan proses pengiriman barang sehingga dapat mempermudah pekerjaan para staf penjadwalan. Pada makalah ini dibuatkan sebuah website sistem penjadwalan trucking dan heavy equipment untuk Perusahaan yang dapat memberikan informasi penting untuk konsumen dengan sistem pencarian data barang yang mudah diakses dan dilengkapi informasi lengkap mengenai Perusahaan beserta proses pengiriman barang. Dalam sistem penjadwalan yang dibuat, terdapat satu fitur tambahan yang berguna untuk menyamaratakan beban kendaraan, sehingga kondisi setiap kendaraan dapat terkontrol. Fitur ini menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) untuk menghitung besar bobot kriteria pemilihan, serta digunakan scoring untuk mengetahui kendaraan mana yang akan digunakan untuk proses pengiriman tertentu. Sistem penjadwalan trucking dan heavy equiment berbasis web ini dirancang menggunakan teknologi PHP versi 5.1.2, Macromedia Dreamweaver 8, dan MySQL versi 5.0.11-beta Dari hasil implementasi dan pengujian sistem serta kuesioner dapat disimpulkan bahwa fitur-fitur yang telah disediakan pada website sistem penjadwalan, mampu menjawab permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh Perusahaan dimana sistem dapat melakukan penjadwalan trucking dan alat berat dengan memperhatikan faktor kemudahan dan memberi informasi detail dari setiap data yang akan dicari, selain itu juga memberikan hasil AHP yang signifikan, sehingga dapat menunjang kinerja Perusahaan agar lebih efisien dan meningkatkan kepercayaan serta memberikan kepuasan tersendiri bagi para pelanggan

The neonatal sepsis is diminished by cervical vagus nerve stimulation and tracked non-invasively by ECG: a preliminary report in the piglet model

In adults, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) reduces inflammation. In neonates, the effects of VNS are not known. An electrocardiogram (ECG)-derived heart rate variability (HRV) index reliably tracks the inflammatory response induced by low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in near-term sheep fetuses. We evaluated the VNS effect on the systemic inflammatory response induced by a high dose of LPS in neonatal piglets to mimic late-onset neonatal sepsis. Next, we tested if our HRV inflammatory index tracks inflammation in piglets. Following anesthesia, electrodes were attached to the left vagal nerve; ECG and blood pressure (BP) were recorded throughout the experiment. Following baseline, the piglets were administered LPS as 2mg/kg IV bolus. In the VNS treated piglet, the vagus nerve was stimulated for 10 minutes prior to and 10 min after the injection of LPS. In both groups, every 15 min post LPS, the arterial blood sample was drawn for blood gas, metabolites, and inflammatory cytokines. At the end of the experiment, the piglets were euthanized. BP and HRV measures were calculated. The piglets developed a potent inflammatory response to the LPS injection with TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 peaking between 45 and 90 min post-injection. VNS diminished the LPS-induced systemic inflammatory response varying across the measured cytokines from two to ten-fold. The HRV index tracked accurately the cytokines' temporal profile. This novel model allows manipulating and tracking neonatal sepsis: The HRV inflammatory index 1) applies across species pre- and postnatally and 2) performs well at different degrees of sepsis (i.e., nanogram and milligram doses of LPS); 3) the present VNS paradigm effectively suppresses LPS-induced inflammation, even at high doses of LPS. The potential of early postnatal VNS to counteract sepsis and of HRV monitoring to early detect and track it deserve further study

A dopaminergic switch for fear to safety transitions

Overcoming aversive emotional memories requires neural systems that detect when fear responses are no longer appropriate. The midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine system has been implicated in reward and more broadly in signalling when a better than expected outcome has occurred. This suggests that it may be important in guiding fear to safety transitions. We report that when an expected aversive outcome does not occur, activity in midbrain dopamine neurons is necessary to extinguish behavioral fear responses and engage molecular signalling events in extinction learning circuits. Furthermore, a specific dopamine projection to the nucleus accumbens medial shell is partially responsible for this effect. By contrast, a separate dopamine projection to the medial prefrontal cortex opposes extinction learning. This demonstrates a novel function for the canonical VTA-dopamine reward system and reveals opposing behavioural roles for different dopamine neuron projections in fear extinction learning

A category-specific response to animals in the right human amygdala

The amygdala is important in emotion, but it remains unknown whether it is specialized for certain stimulus categories. We analyzed responses recorded from 489 single neurons in the amygdalae of 41 neurosurgical patients and found a categorical selectivity for pictures of animals in the right amygdala. This selectivity appeared to be independent of emotional valence or arousal and may reflect the importance that animals held throughout our evolutionary past

Bidirectional switch of the valence associated with a hippocampal contextual memory engram

The valence of memories is malleable because of their intrinsic reconstructive property. This property of memory has been used clinically to treat maladaptive behaviours. However, the neuronal mechanisms and brain circuits that enable the switching of the valence of memories remain largely unknown. Here we investigated these mechanisms by applying the recently developed memory engram cell- manipulation technique. We labelled with channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) a population of cells in either the dorsal dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus or the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA) that were specifically activated during contextual fear or reward conditioning. Both groups of fear-conditioned mice displayed aversive light-dependent responses in an optogenetic place avoidance test, whereas both DG- and BLA-labelled mice that underwent reward conditioning exhibited an appetitive response in an optogenetic place preference test. Next, in an attempt to reverse the valence of memory within a subject, mice whose DG or BLA engram had initially been labelled by contextual fear or reward conditioning were subjected to a second conditioning of the opposite valence while their original DG or BLA engram was reactivated by blue light. Subsequent optogenetic place avoidance and preference tests revealed that although the DG-engram group displayed a response indicating a switch of the memory valence, the BLA-engram group did not. This switch was also evident at the cellular level by a change in functional connectivity between DG engram-bearing cells and BLA engram-bearing cells. Thus, we found that in the DG, the neurons carrying the memory engram of a given neutral context have plasticity such that the valence of a conditioned response evoked by their reactivation can be reversed by re-associating this contextual memory engram with a new unconditioned stimulus of an opposite valence. Our present work provides new insight into the functional neural circuits underlying the malleability of emotional memory.RIKEN Brain Science InstituteHoward Hughes Medical InstituteJPB FoundationNational Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Pre-doctoral Training Grant T32GM007287

Acoustic Oddball during NREM Sleep: A Combined EEG/fMRI Study

Background: A condition vital for the consolidation and maintenance of sleep is generally reduced responsiveness to external stimuli. Despite this, the sleeper maintains a level of stimulus processing that allows to respond to potentially dangerous environmental signals. The mechanisms that subserve these contradictory functions are only incompletely understood. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using combined EEG/fMRI we investigated the neural substrate of sleep protection by applying an acoustic oddball paradigm during light NREM sleep. Further, we studied the role of evoked K-complexes (KCs), an electroencephalographic hallmark of NREM sleep with a still unknown role for sleep protection. Our main results were: (1) Other than in wakefulness, rare tones did not induce a blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal increase in the auditory pathway but a strong negative BOLD response in motor areas and the amygdala. (2) Stratification of rare tones by the presence of evoked KCs detected activation of the auditory cortex, hippocampus, superior and middle frontal gyri and posterior cingulate only for rare tones followed by a KC. (3) The typical high frontocentral EEG deflections of KCs were not paralleled by a BOLD equivalent. Conclusions/Significance: We observed that rare tones lead to transient disengagement of motor and amygdala responses during light NREM sleep. We interpret this as a sleep protective mechanism to delimit motor responses and to reduce the sensitivity of the amygdala towards further incoming stimuli. Evoked KCs are suggested to originate from a brain state wit

Genetic dissection of an amygdala microcircuit that gates conditioned fear

The role of different amygdala nuclei (neuroanatomical subdivisions) in processing Pavlovian conditioned fear has been studied extensively, but the function of the heterogeneous neuronal subtypes within these nuclei remains poorly understood. Here we use molecular genetic approaches to map the functional connectivity of a subpopulation of GABA-containing neurons, located in the lateral subdivision of the central amygdala (CEl), which express protein kinase C-δ (PKC-δ). Channelrhodopsin-2-assisted circuit mapping in amygdala slices and cell-specific viral tracing indicate that PKC-δ^+ neurons inhibit output neurons in the medial central amygdala (CEm), and also make reciprocal inhibitory synapses with PKC-δ^− neurons in CEl. Electrical silencing of PKC-δ^+ neurons in vivo suggests that they correspond to physiologically identified units that are inhibited by the conditioned stimulus, called Cel_(off) units. This correspondence, together with behavioural data, defines an inhibitory microcircuit in CEl that gates CEm output to control the level of conditioned freezing