A New Intervention Procedure for Improving Classroom Behavior of Neglected Children: Say Do Say Correspondence Training

Although neglect is the most common form of child maltreatment, a review of the literature since 1980 reveals a lack of controlled child neglect intervention programs. The aim of this study is to assess a new intervention program to improve the classroom behavior of children exposed to neglect only, by reducing disruptive conduct and promoting adaptive conduct. Two matched groups were selected with children of the same ages, sex, and social class (cultural and economic level) and with mothers of similar ages. The experimental group comprised of five children suffering from neglect and no other type of maltreatment. The control group had five children not abused or neglected. All the children were in the same class at school. The percentage of time per session that each child spent engaged in disruptive behavior was measured (baseline) and was found significantly higher among neglected children. Say-Do-Say Correspondence Training was applied with the neglected children and a rapid, significant reduction in their disruptive behavior was observed (and statistically confirmed), bringing such behavior down to the level of the control (i.e., non-neglected) children. These results were maintained when the intervention was halted. We concluded that the adaptive and classroom behavior of neglected children can be improved with this non-intrusive intervention

Perceptual Styles and Cannabis Consumption Prediction in Young People

Given that risk perception has been found to be both a vulnerability and a protective factor with respect to consumption, the objectives of this study were to find out whether there exist specific patterns of risk perception associated with cannabis use and, if so, how they relate to cannabis consumption and to the sources of information on drugs accessed by young people. An ex post facto study was carried out with 1851 young Andalusians aged 18 to 29, using an adaptation of the Andalusian Government “Andalusian Population versus Drugs” survey. For the first objective, a cluster analysis was carried out in which three perceptual style groups were formed: “Strict”, “Permissive-Awareness” and “Lax”. Cannabis use in the “lax” group was found to be 14.31 times more frequent than in the “strict” group and 2.75 times more frequent than in the “permissive-awareness” group. A logistic regression analysis was also performed, which correctly predicted 80.4% of users and non-consumers. Correlation was found between perceptual styles and the sources of information used about drugs. This study identified three different risk perception styles that heavily correlated to cannabis consumption and to the type of sources young Andalusians use to obtain information about drugs, suggesting the need for a change in preventive policy

The Effectiveness of Day Hospitals in the Personal Recovery of Mental Disorder Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: In recent years, a new recovery model has gained ground in which recovery is understood as a process of change where individuals are able to improve their health and wellbeing, lead self-sufficient lives and strive to achieve their maximum potential (personal recovery). Despite the existence of data regarding the effectiveness of mental health day hospitals (MHDHs) in reducing relapses in terms of hospital admissions and emergencies, no studies have to date assessed how this change affected the new personal recovery model. Objectives: To verify the effectiveness of MHDHs in improving personal recovery processes among people with mental disorders (MDs). Methods: A prospective cohort study. A group of patients receiving follow-up at MHDHs was compared with another group of patients receiving follow-up in other therapeutic units over a period of three months. Results: Patient recovery at the MHDHs, assessed using the Individual Recovery Outcomes Counter (I.ROC), was found to be significantly better than that of patients attended in other units. Conclusions: MHDHs can contribute to the recovery of people with MDs. This is particularly important at a time when some patients may have experienced impediments to their recovery processes due to the pandemic

Revisión de la técnica "el juego del buen comportamiento"

El Juego del Buen Comportamiento, JBC (Good behavior Game, GBG), tiene como objetivo fundamental reducir la frecuencia de determinados comportamientos disruptivos en el aula como gritar, pelearse, interrumpir, etc. Dichos comportamientos se caracterizan por ser funcionales en ciertos contextos como el recreo o el juego libre entre compañeros, y disfuncionales en situaciones educativas. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una revisión sobre todos los trabajos que han contribuido a mejorar la eficacia de este procedimiento, con la intención de darlo a conocer y promover estudios que indaguen en sus limitaciones (generalización y mantenimiento). Para ello, se presentan los aspectos generales del juego: organización de la clase, criterios para el refuerzo, dónde y cuánto tiempo dura el juego, tipo de refuerzos recibidos, comportamientos disruptivos a tratar; y las diferentes aplicaciones que se han realizado del mismo. A modo de conclusión, parece que este procedimiento se presenta muy eficaz para reducir la frecuencia de comportamientos disruptivos en contextos educativosThe Good Behavior Game (GBG), has as main objective to reduce the frequency of disruptive behavior in the class like: shauting, fighting, in terrupting, etc. These behaviors are characterized by being functional in certain contexts Iike the playground or the free-game among partners and disfunctional in instructiona/-academic settings. The main aim of this article is to make a review about the published works that have contributed to implement its efficacy, and to promote some pieces of work that deals with their limits (generalization and management). The general aspects of the game are presented, class organization, support criteria where and how long the game willlast, kind of support or reinforcements received, behavio'ur disruptive to deal with and the different applications that the Good Behavior Game. To conclude, it seems that this procedure is presented very efficiently in order to reduce the frequency of disruptive behaviour in educational context

Sintomas do assédio psicológico no ambito educativo

The present study tries to analyse the possible relationship between psychological harassment and determined psychosocial factors such as burnout, with its related factors of emotional tiredness, depersonalisation and personal fulfilment, type A behaviour pattern and its factors related to impatience, competitiveness, overload and hostility, psychological wellbeing in the work setting or general stress in social and work settings. Different standardised questionnaires were given to a sample of 220 teachers (93 males and 127 females) so that information could be collected about the aforementioned factors and other epidemiological data. The results revealed the existence of a significant relationship between psychological harassment and most predictive factors. A model able to predict 24.3% of variance regarding psychological harassment, consisting of variables regarding depersonalisation, hostility and stress was also establishedEl presente estudio se propone analizar la posible relación existente entre el acoso psicológico y determinados factores psicosociales como el burnout con sus factores cansancio emocional, despersonalización y realización personal, el patrón de conducta tipo A y sus factores impaciencia, competitividad, sobrecarga y hostilidad, el bienestar psicológico en el ambiente de trabajo o el estrés general en el ámbito socio – laboral. Con una muestra de 220 profesores (93 hombres y 127 mujeres) se recoge, mediante diversos cuestionarios estandarizados, información sobre los factores anteriormente descritos y otros datos de tipo epidemiológico. Los resultados muestran la existencia de una relación significativa entre el acoso psicológico y la mayoría de los factores predictores. Además se establece un modelo capaz de predecir el 24,3% de la varianza con respecto al acoso psicológico, compuesto por las variables despersonalización, hostilidad y estré

Relación entre estilos educativos familiares y la inclusión en Programas Diversificación Curricular: un elemento a considerar para la mejora de la convivencia escolar

Este estudio tiene como objetivo principal estudiar las diferencias existentes referidas a estilos educativos familiares, del alumnado inserto en Programas de Diversificación Curricular comparado con el alumnado que cursa el plan ordinario. Para ello se ha realizado un estudio ex post facto retrospectivo con grupo cuasi control, en el que han participado un total de 178 adolescentes (chicas 42.5 %), con edades comprendidas entre los 13 y 18 años. Los resultados obtenidos muestran como los distintos niveles de control, afecto, comunicación y humor podrían influir en la inclusión de estas medidas de atención a la diversidad para disminuir el fracaso escolar. De esta forma la probabilidad de tener menor fracaso académico sería el resultado de tener una educación familiar basada en la comunicación, el respeto y el afecto, combinada con dosis de control y establecimiento de límites, impregnado de sentido de humor y optimismo.The primary objective of this study is to examine existing educational style differences of those referred to the Curricular Diversification Program compared to the students coursing an ordinary plan. For this, a retrospective ex post facto study has been completed with a quasi-control group; in which a total of 178 adolescents (girls 42.5%) between the ages of 13 and 18 have participated. Results have been obtained could demonstrate varied levels of control, affect, communication, and humor that could influence with the inclusion of these diversified measures to decrease failure in school. In this manner, the probability of having a lower academic failure would be the result of family education based on communication, respect, and affect; combined with a dose of control and limit setting while submerged in sense of humor and optimism

La agresividad en la infancia: el estilo de crianza parental como factor relacionado

El presente estudio se propone analizar la posible relación existente entre la agresividad en los niños medida por sus padres a través del BASC (Sistema de Evaluación de la Conducta de Niños y Adolescentes) y el estilo de crianza según el PCRI (Cuestionario de Crianza Parental) compuesto por siete factores: apoyo, satisfacción con la crianza, compromiso, comunicación, disciplina, autonomía y distribución de rol, en una muestra de 338 niños (182 niños y 156 niñas) entre 3 y 14 años. Los resultados muestran la existencia de una relación significativa entre la agresividad en los niños y la mayoría de los factores del estilo de crianza parental. Además se establece un modelo capaz de predecir el 27% de la varianza con respecto a la agresividad en los niños, compuesto por la disciplina de ambos progenitores, el compromiso y la satisfacción con la crianza de los padres y la autonomía de las madres. Finalmente se discute la utilidad de estos resultados para el planteamiento de estrategias de intervención en el ámbito familiar basadas en el estilo disciplinarioThis current study proposes to analyse the possible relationship which exists between aggression in children reported by parents through the BASC (Behaviour Assessment System for Children), and the parenting style according to the PCRI (Parent-Child Relationship Inventory) composed of seven factors such as support, satisfaction with parenting, involvement, communication, limit setting, autonomy granting, and role orientation, in a sample of 338 children (182 male & 156 female) between 3 and 14 years old. The results show the existence of a significant relationship between aggression in children and the majority of the parenting factors. Furthermore, a model is established which is able to predict 27% of the variance with respect to aggression in children, made up by limit setting from both parents, involvement and satisfaction with parenting from the fathers, and autonomy granting from the mothers. Finally, the utility of results to raise intervention strategies within the family based on limit setting is discusse

Subjective well-being and vulnerability related to problematic Internet use among university students with and without disabilities: A comparative study

This study aims to observe whether people with disabilitiesexperience problematic Internet use (PIU) like that of youngpeople without disabilities; to relate PIU to psychological dis-tress in young disabled people and to determine whether theseproblems are similar to or different from those experienced byyoung people without disabilities. The sample comprised 408university students with disabilities and 1386 university stu-dents without disabilities from several Spanish universities. PIUwas evaluated using theInternet Addiction Test(IAT) and psy-chological distress was evaluated using theClinical Outcomes inRoutine Evaluation‐Outcome Measure(CORE‐OM). The groupof university students with disabilities showed less PIU thanthe nondisabled students, but the worst scores in variablesreferencing psychological discomfort were found among thosestudents with disabilities who also had PIU. Although the re-sults are not completely generalizable, PIU is related to biggerproblems in disabled people for whom it represents a higherrisk than for people without disabilities

Estrés y burnout en profesores

En el presente estudio teórico se revisan los principales hallazgos e investigaciones realizadas sobre el estrés y burnout en profesores. En primer lugar se analizan los estudios centrados en aislar las diferentes causas de tipo sociodemográfico, organizativas y de personalidad. A continuación se presentan los modelos teóricos que intentan explicar este fenómeno, otras variables relacionadas y las consecuencias personales, familiares y organizacionales asociadas. Finalmente se presentan los principales instrumentos de evaluación y las últimas tendencias en prevención e intervención. Tras la revisión pormenorizada de la literatura científica sobre el tema, se detectan diversas limitaciones en la metodología utilizada para el estudio de las causas, así como la inadecuación de criterios metodológicos aplicada a las intervenciones realizadas con profesores. Destacan los datos que señalan mayores índices de absentismo y bajas laborales, que implican un alto coste para la Administración Educativa. Por ello se propone una reflexión sobre estos aspectos y la conveniencia de adoptar diseños experimentales y sistemas de detección precoz y prevención.In the present theoretical study the main discoveries and researches in teachers´ stress and burnout are reviewed. In first place, studies focused on isolating the different causes of sociodemografic, organizational and personality type are analysed. Immediately after, the theoretical models that try to explain this phenomenon are presented as well as other related variables and the personal, familiar and organizational consequences associated to them. Finally, the main evaluation instruments and the latest tendencies in prevention and intervention are presented. After having revised in detail the existing scientific literature on this topic, some limitations are detected in the used methodology with teachers as well as the inadequacy of the methodological approaches assigned to them. The data point out bigger indexes of absenteeism and leaves of absence, this situation implies a high cost for the Educational Administration. Thus it is that, we propose a reflection on these aspects as well as in the convenience of adopting experimental designs and systems of early detection and prevention.No presente estudo teórico revêem-se as principais descobertas e investigações realizadas sobre o stresse e burnout em professores. Em primeiro lugar analisam-se os estudos centrados em isolar as diferentes causas de tipo sócio-demográfico, organizativas e de personalidade. De seguida apresentam-se os modelos teóricos que procuram explicar este fenómeno, outras variáveis relacionadas e as consequências pessoais, familiares e organizacionais associadas. Finalmente apresentam-se os principais instrumentos de avaliação e as últimas tendências em prevenção e intervenção. Através da revisão pormenorizada da literatura científica sobre o tema, identificam-se diversas limitações na metodologia utilizada para o estudo das causas, assim como a inadequação de critérios metodológicos aplicados às intervenções realizadas com professores. Destacamse os dados que assinalam maiores índices de absentismo e baixas laborais, que implicam um alto custo para a Administração Educativa. Por isso, propõe-se uma reflexão sobre estes aspectos e a conveniência de adoptar planos experimentais e sistemas de detecção precoce e prevenção

Analysis of behavior related to use of the Internet, mobile telephones, compulsive shopping and gambling among university students

El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es conocer los hábitos relacionados con posibles conductas adictivas (juego patológico, Internet, compras, uso del teléfono móvil, etc.) que pueden presentar los jóvenes estudiantes de la Universidad de Córdoba (España), y relacionar dichos comportamientos con variables como la edad, el sexo, el curso y las macroáreas de conocimiento (letras y ciencias). Con un diseño expostfacto de grupo único (Montero y León, 2007), se elaboró un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos en el que se incluía el Test de adicción a las compras, el Test de adicción a Internet de Echeburúa (2003), el Cuestionario Breve de Juego Patológico de Fernández-Montalvo y Echeburúa (1997) y algunos ítems sobre el uso del teléfono móvil. Participaron 1011 estudiantes, 42,7% hombres y 57,3% mujeres, con un rango de edad entre los 18 y 29 años. Se dan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la puntuación media obtenida en los cuestionarios y variables como la edad, el sexo, el curso o la macroárea de conocimiento. Parece que ser mujer es un factor protector para la adicción a Internet y al Juego, ser de ciencias es un factor de riesgo para una posible adicción al Juego, ser de letras y tener más edad son factores de riesgo ante una posible adicción a las Compras. En conclusión, los estudiantes encuestados realizan un uso moderado de conductas como navegar por Internet, el juego, las compras y el teléfono móvil, siendo un grupo muy reducido de jóvenes los que sí se encuentran cercanos a tener un problema de adicción con este tipo de comportamientos.The aim of this study is to obtain knowledge about habits related to addictive behaviour (pathological gambling, Internet, compulsive shopping, use of mobile telephones, etc.) that may be displayed by young students at the University of Cordoba (Spain), and to relate this behaviour with variables such as age, sex, course year, macro-field of study (arts/sciences) and the consumption of substances such as alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and cocaine. Using an ex-post facto single-group design (Montero & León, 2007), we applied a questionnaire especially designed to gather socio-demographic information on substance use and behavioural patterns related to “non-substance” addictions, which included the Shopping Addiction Test, Echeburúa’s Internet Addiction Test (2003) and Fernández-Montalvo and Echeburúa’s Short Pathological Gambling Questionnaire (1997). A total of 1,011 students participated in the study (42.7% males and 57.3% females), with an age range of 18 to 29. Significant differences were found between mean score on the questionnaires and variables such as age, sex, field of studies and course year. It would seem that being female is a protective factor for Internet and gambling addiction, being a sciences student is a risk factor for gambling addiction, and being older and being an arts student are risk factors for shopping addiction. In conclusion, it can be stated that the students surveyed showed moderate incidence of behaviours such as Internet browsing, gambling, shopping and mobile phone use, whilst a very small group are close to having an addiction problem with such behaviour