6 research outputs found
Discoipyrroles A–D: Isolation, Structure Determination, and Synthesis of Potent Migration Inhibitors from <i>Bacillus hunanensis</i>
Discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2)
is a receptor tyrosine kinase
involved in a variety of cellular response pathways, including regulation
of cell growth, proliferation, and motility. Using a newly developed
platform to identify the signaling pathway/molecular target of natural
products, we identified a family of alkaloid natural products, discoipyrroles
A–D (<b>1</b>–<b>4</b>), from <i>Bacillus
hunanensis</i> that inhibit the DDR2 signaling pathway. The structure
of <b>1</b>–<b>4</b>, determined by detailed two-dimensional
(2D) NMR methods and confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis
has an unusual <b>3</b>H-benzoÂ[<i>d</i>]Âpyrrolo]Â[1,3]Âoxazine-3,5-dione
core. Discoipyrroles A–D potently inhibit DDR2 dependent migration
of BR5 fibroblasts and show selective cytotoxicity to DDR2 mutant
lung cancer cell lines (IC<sub>50</sub> 120–400 nM). Examination
of the biosynthesis has led to the conclusion that the discoipyrroles
are formed through a nonenzymatic process, leading to a one-pot total
synthesis of <b>1</b>
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Using Functional Signature Ontology (FUSION) to Identify Mechanisms of Action for Natural Products
A challenge for biomedical research is the development of pharmaceuticals that appropriately target disease mechanisms. Natural products can be a rich source of bioactive chemicals for medicinal applications but can act through unknown mechanisms and can be difficult to produce or obtain. To address these challenges, we developed a new marine-derived, renewable natural products resource and a method for linking bioactive derivatives of this library to the proteins and biological processes that they target in cells. We used cell-based screening and computational analysis to match gene expression signatures produced by natural products to those produced by small interfering RNA (siRNA) and synthetic microRNA (miRNA) libraries. With this strategy, we matched proteins and miRNAs with diverse biological processes and also identified putative protein targets and mechanisms of action for several previously undescribed marine-derived natural products. We confirmed mechanistic relationships for selected siRNAs, miRNAs, and compounds with functional roles in autophagy, chemotaxis mediated by discoidin domain receptor 2, or activation of the kinase AKT. Thus, this approach may be an effective method for screening new drugs while simultaneously identifying their targets
Polluted water from an urban reservoir (MadĂn dam, MĂ©xico) induces toxicity and oxidative stress in Cyprinus carpio embryos
The MadĂn Dam is a reservoir located in the municipalities of Naucalpan and Atizapán, in the metropolitan area adjacent to Mexico City. The reservoir supplies drinking water to nearby communities and provides an area for various recreational activities, including kayaking, sailing and carp fishing. Over time, the number of specimens of common carp has notably diminished in the reservoir, which receives direct domestic drainage from two towns as well as numerous neighborhoods along the Tlalnepantla River. Diverse studies have demonstrated that the pollutants in the water of the reservoir produce oxidative stress, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in juvenile Cyprinus carpio, possibly explaining the reduction in the population of this species; however, it is necessary to assess whether these effects may also be occurring directly in the embryos. Hence, surface water samples were taken at five sites and pharmaceutical drugs, personal care products (especially sunscreens), organophosphate and organochlorine pesticides, and other persistent organic pollutants (e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) were identified. Embryos of C. carpio were exposed to the water samples to evaluate embryolethality, modifications in embryonic development, lipoperoxidation, the quantity of hydroperoxide and oxidized proteins, and antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase). It was found that the polluted water of the MadĂn Dam gave rise to embryolethality, embryotoxicity, congenital abnormalities, and oxidative stress on the common carp embryos. Capsule: The water of the MadĂn dam contains a complex mixture of pollutants, including hydrocarbons, which produce oxidative stress and embryotoxicity on Cyprinus carpio. © 2019 Elsevier LtdThis study was made possible by financial support from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologĂa (CONACyT-Mexico, project #181541 and Cátedras CONACyT, #282), and the SecretarĂa de InvestigaciĂłn y Posgrado of the Instituto PolitĂ©cnico Nacional (SIP-IPN, project #20160871 and 20180699). We give thanks to Biologist Gerardo Ontiveros at the Centro CarpĂcola Tiacaque for supplying the test specimens and giving advice on their care and maintenance.Peer reviewe
The Evolutionary Landscape of SARS-CoV-2 Variant B.1.1.519 and Its Clinical Impact in Mexico City
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is one of the most concerning health problems around the globe. We reported the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.519 in Mexico City. We reported the effective reproduction number (Rt) of B.1.1.519 and presented evidence of its geographical origin based on phylogenetic analysis. We also studied its evolution via haplotype analysis and identified the most recurrent haplotypes. Finally, we studied the clinical impact of B.1.1.519. The B.1.1.519 variant was predominant between November 2020 and May 2021, reaching 90% of all cases sequenced in February 2021. It is characterized by three amino acid changes in the spike protein: T478K, P681H, and T732A. Its Rt varies between 0.5 and 2.9. Its geographical origin remain to be investigated. Patients infected with variant B.1.1.519 showed a highly significant adjusted odds ratio (aOR) increase of 1.85 over non-B.1.1.519 patients for developing a severe/critical outcome (p = 0.000296, 1.33–2.6 95% CI) and a 2.35-fold increase for hospitalization (p = 0.005, 1.32–4.34 95% CI). The continuous monitoring of this and other variants will be required to control the ongoing pandemic as it evolves
The Evolutionary Landscape of SARS-CoV-2 Variant B.1.1.519 and Its Clinical Impact in Mexico City
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is one of the most concerning health problems around the globe. We reported the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.519 in Mexico City. We reported the effective reproduction number (Rt) of B.1.1.519 and presented evidence of its geographical origin based on phylogenetic analysis. We also studied its evolution via haplotype analysis and identified the most recurrent haplotypes. Finally, we studied the clinical impact of B.1.1.519. The B.1.1.519 variant was predominant between November 2020 and May 2021, reaching 90% of all cases sequenced in February 2021. It is characterized by three amino acid changes in the spike protein: T478K, P681H, and T732A. Its Rt varies between 0.5 and 2.9. Its geographical origin remain to be investigated. Patients infected with variant B.1.1.519 showed a highly significant adjusted odds ratio (aOR) increase of 1.85 over non-B.1.1.519 patients for developing a severe/critical outcome (p = 0.000296, 1.33–2.6 95% CI) and a 2.35-fold increase for hospitalization (p = 0.005, 1.32–4.34 95% CI). The continuous monitoring of this and other variants will be required to control the ongoing pandemic as it evolves