Trajectories of Exposure to Neighborhood Deprivation and the Odds of Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence Among Women: Are There Sensitive Periods for Exposure?

Neighborhood disadvantage is commonly hypothesized to be positively associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) against women. However, longitudinal investigation of this association has been limited, with no studies on whether the timing of exposure matters. We used data from 2,115 women in the UK-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Exposure to neighborhood-level deprivation was measured at 10-time points from baseline (gestation) until age 18. Family-level socioeconomic characteristics were measured at baseline. At age 21, participants self-reported whether they had experienced any IPV since age 18. We used a three-step bias-adjusted longitudinal latent class analysis to investigate how different patterns of neighborhood deprivation exposure were associated with the odds of experiencing IPV. A total of 32% of women experienced any IPV between ages 18 and 21. Women who consistently lived in deprived neighborhoods (chronic high deprivation) or spent their early childhoods in more deprived neighborhoods and later moved to less deprived neighborhoods (decreasing deprivation) had higher odds of experiencing IPV compared to those who consistently lived in non-deprived neighborhoods. The odds of experiencing IPV did not consistently differ between women who lived in non-deprived neighborhoods during early childhood and later moved to deprived neighborhoods (increasing deprivation) and those stably in non-deprived neighborhoods. Living in more deprived neighborhoods during early childhood, regardless of later exposure, was associated with higher odds of experiencing later IPV. This is congruent with prior research demonstrating the persistent effects of early neighborhood disadvantage on health and well-being. Replication, and underlying mechanisms, should be assessed across contexts

Trajectories of urinary incontinence in childhood and bladder and bowel symptoms in adolescence:prospective cohort study

OBJECTIVES: To identify different patterns (trajectories) of childhood urinary incontinence and examine which patterns are associated with bladder and bowel symptoms in adolescence. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: General community. PARTICIPANTS: The starting sample included 8751 children (4507 men and 4244 women) with parent-reported data on frequency of bedwetting and daytime wetting for at least three of five time points (4½, 5½, 6½, 7½ and 9½ years—hereafter referred to as 4–9 years). Study children provided data on a range of bladder and bowel symptoms at age 14 (data available for 5899 participants). OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported bladder and bowel symptoms at 14 years including daytime wetting, bedwetting, nocturia, urgency, frequent urination, low voided volume, voiding postponement, passing hard stools and low stool frequency. RESULTS: We extracted 5 trajectories of urinary incontinence from 4 to 9 years using longitudinal latent class analysis: (1) normative development of daytime and night-time bladder control (63.0% of the sample), (2) delayed attainment of bladder control (8.6%), (3) bedwetting alone (no daytime wetting) (15.6%), (4) daytime wetting alone (no bedwetting) (5.8%) and (5) persistent wetting (bedwetting with daytime wetting to age 9) (7.0%). The persistent wetting class generally showed the strongest associations with the adolescent bladder and bowel symptoms: OR for bedwetting at 14 years=23.5, 95% CI (15.1 to 36.5), daytime wetting (6.98 (4.50 to 10.8)), nocturia (2.39 (1.79 to 3.20)), urgency (2.10 (1.44 to 3.07)) and passing hard stools (2.64 (1.63 to 4.27)) (reference category=normative development). The association with adolescent bedwetting was weaker for children with bedwetting alone (3.69 (2.21 to 6.17)). CONCLUSIONS: Trajectories of childhood urinary incontinence are differentially associated with adolescent bladder and bowel symptoms. Children exhibiting persistent bedwetting with daytime wetting had the poorest outcomes in adolescence

The Ursinus Weekly, March 13, 1950

Seniors plan show, Back in civvies, as novel enterprise • Two profs to debate economic aid policy • Twenty fall victim to rushing tactics in spring campaign • Compton wins first at inter-collegiates; remains unbeaten • Y prexy to open Fun nite agenda with camping slides • Committee finishes proposed revisions of soph rules plan • Greeks to entertain at party for frosh • Senator emphasizes new fiscal system • Pink and black set suave \u27Velvet mood\u27 • Faculty honors Morrison at anniversary celebration • Drives elicit small student response • Hilarious atmosphere pervades old T-G with Muench and minstrel high jinks • Dunc totes hockey stick from Devon to Dutchland • Dinelli\u27s The Man • Lecturing prof studies grass roots • Library constantly increases reserves of fiction and non-fiction volumes • May pageants show changes in custom since debut in 1919 • Compton tallies only win as swimmers bow 37-20 • Statistics point out leaders in current bruin court season • Coach makes ready for busy schedule in links campaign • Belles take Beaver in court tilt 31-27 for third triumph • Gurzynski predicts good cinder season as eight vets return • Matmen lose three due to graduation leaving huge gaps • Diamond club whips into playing shape for southern trip • Reversals highlight intramural contests as standings shift • Seniors terminate basketball careers with coach Seeders • Dr. Sturgis makes hobby of model railway system • Lee strums ballads to English students at surprise recitalhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1587/thumbnail.jp

Risk factors for intimate partner violence and abuse among adolescents and young adults: findings from a UK population-based cohort

Background: Approximately one-third of young people in the UK have suffered intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) on reaching adulthood. We need interventions to prevent IPVA in this population, but there is a lack of evidence on who is at greatest risk. Methods: We analysed questionnaire data from 3,279 participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children population-based birth cohort. We estimated the prevalence of IPVA victimisation and perpetration by age 21, by sex, demographic, parenting, mental health, externalising behaviour (e.g. smoking), educational, employment, and adverse childhood factors. Results: Overall, 29% of males and 41% of females reported IPVA victimisation, with 20% and 25% reporting perpetration, respectively (16% and 22% both). The most common sub-type was emotional, followed by physical, then sexual. History of self-harm, anti-social behaviour, cannabis or illicit (non-cannabis) drug use among boys and girls was associated with a two-fold increase in likelihood of IPVA (victimisation or perpetration). Males reporting risky sexual behaviour, sexual abuse (not by an intimate partner), or witnessing domestic violence, and females reporting sexual minority status in adolescence were also twice as likely to experience IPVA. Extreme parental monitoring during adolescence was associated with a reduced risk of IPVA in males and females, as was not being in education, employment, or training for young adult men. Conclusions: A range of demographic, mental health, and behavioural factors were associated with increased prevalence of IPVA victimisation or perpetration. Further study of likely complex pathways from these factors to IPVA, to inform primary prevention, is neede

Identifying oceanic thermal anomalies in the coral triangle region

Mass coral bleaching has historically been linked to episodes of thermal stress. While locationspecific time-series data have been examined, the oceanic thermal anomalies that underlie broad-scale thermal stress events are apparently unstudied quantitatively in terms of their spatial extent, temporal development, and intensity. Knowledge of the spatial and temporal parameters that characterise anomalies can be useful in understanding how bleaching-level stress develops, providing context for and a basis for modelling of future events. Here we examine historical satellite sea-surface temperature (SST) data with the goal of identifying and characterising oceanic anomalies in the Coral Triangle region. This region is of interest because it is influenced by the Indian and Pacific Oceans and is the centre of coral ecosystem diversity and significant coral reef conservation efforts. Oceanic anomalies are defined here using the HotSpot metric, which is the positive variation in temperature above the maximum of the monthly mean climatology values. This metric describes thermal stress that has been linked to coral bleaching episodes. It is proposed that the method for identifying oceanic anomalies described here be applied to datasets of varying spatial resolutions to evaluate if, and how, the characterisations are resolution-dependent. If these anomalies can be comparably identified and characterised at a coarser spatial resolution, this could open the way to examining the likely impact of oceanic thermal anomalies further back in time using historical datasets or in the future using climate models, both of which are available only at lower spatial and temporal resolutions

The Ursinus Weekly, April 11, 1949

Censorship cancels April fool issue • Debaters finish second in Ben Franklin tourney • Terror and humor to occupy evening of thespian talent • Weekly editors cancel year\u27s plans following last minute faculty demand • Betty Rilling pens winning May script for Ursinus coeds • Imre Kovacs urges Christian standards in Tuesday address • Should faculty exert control on Weekly ? • R. Mack named Bus Ad prexy; Gradwohl, McMillan get offices • Magazine names Ursinus in list of representative good colleges • Athletic Association to present annual minstrel show April 19 • Drummer and Schultz selected as headwaiters for coming year • Weekly offers fin to author of letter • Gaff , poll voted most controversial • Curtis scores close win in gala intramural night • Dennis named head of 1950 golf team; six matches carded • Softball belles aim to maintain record as five vets return • Fifteen man squad lifts coach\u27s hopes for winning season • Cox bows in AAU quarter-finals; Fords trip bruin nine 2-0 • Track vets sparkle in practice session with West Chester • Haverford\u27s Heberton hurls two-hitter; error costly for pitcher Ron Landes • Two letter winners, hopeful rookies vie for coed net spots • Coeds end schedule with decisive wins in hoop, pool tilts • Tischler, Harris cop leads in spring play • New \u27Weekly\u27 heads to be introduced at annual banquethttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1613/thumbnail.jp

Molecular and isotopic investigations of pottery and “charred remains” from Sannai Maruyama and Sannai Maruyama No. 9, Aomori Prefecture.

This paper presents a preliminary study of the analysis of organic residues of Early and Middle Jomon pottery and ‘charred remains.’ Samples are taken from the Sannai Maruyama site and the Sannai Maruyama No. 9 site in Aomori City, Aomori Prefecture in northern Japan. The following questions are addressed in this study: (i) Do organic residues survive in association with pottery vessels and charred remains? (ii) Can the residues be identified based on molecular and isotopic criteria applied in other investigations? (iii) Are the residues associated with the charred remains common to the residues associated with the pottery vessels? (iv) How do these residues contribute to our understanding of food processing and consumption? Results of our analysis indicate that the lipid composition of the pottery extracts is remarkably similar although some of the sherds exhibited better preservation and a wider range of molecules were detected albeit in lower abundance. There is a marked contrast with the composition of the lipid extracts of the ‘charred remains.’ The lipid compositions of sample sets from Sannai Maruyama and Sannai Maruyama No. 9 suggest aquatic resources in the pottery but with a plant contribution. The ‘charred remains’ from Sannai Maruyama contain plant tissues most likely with a high starch composition such as nuts. Lipids were recovered from the majority of the samples

Young People and Intimate Partner Violence: Experiences of Institutional Support and Services in England

Purpose Young people (YP) are at greater risk of experiencing intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA), with high prevalence rates at 18–25 years and potentially severe short and long-term health and social impacts. YP often view adult support services as not for them and more research is needed to understand effective responses to IPVA among different groups. Methods Semi-structured interviews alongside Life History Calendars were undertaken to explore 18 young peoples’ (18–25 years) experiences of community and service level responses to their IPVA between 2019–2020. Thematic analysis and case studies were carried out. Results Participant accounts commonly described what did or did not help within: education; primary care physicians and maternity services; third sector or non-government support organisations; and counselling and support workers. YP wanted clearer information on identifying abuse from a younger age in schools and better access and signposting to specialist services. They benefited the most from equal power dynamics in relationships with professionals where they were supported to make their own decisions. Conclusions Professionals in all sectors (including schools) need IPVA trauma-informed training that encourages equal power dynamics, with a clear understanding of and access to referral pathways, to be able to respond to the needs of YP experiencing IPVA