Polypharmacy and comorbidities during pregnancy in a cohort of women with migraine

Objective: To describe longitudinal patterns of medication use throughout pregnancy in women with migraine. Methods: We used the IBM MarketScan healthcare claims database in the US to create a cohort of pregnancies enrolled between 2011–2015 resulting in live or stillbirth. Migraine headache was identified based on ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes or procedure codes recorded in clinical encounters. Outcomes were patterns of prescriptions filled for medications that may be used to prevent migraine (antiepileptics, antihypertensives, antidepressants) or treat acute episodes (opioids, triptans, acetaminophen) and of other comorbid conditions (hypertension, psychiatric diagnoses, epilepsy). We used group-based multi-trajectory models to cluster women into similar longitudinal patterns of prescription fills. Results: Of 859,501 pregnancies, 8168 had migraine. Within migraineurs, before pregnancy, the most commonly filled prescription was for a triptan (43.2%), followed by opioids (26.7%), acetaminophen (26.2%), antidepressants (24.9%), antiepileptics (18.6%) and antihypertensives (12.3%). Antiepileptics, antidepressants, and triptans were frequently discontinued early in pregnancy with few new users, while antihypertensives were discontinued by some users, but continued or initiated by a minority of users late in pregnancy. Opioids and acetaminophen were used intermittently throughout pregnancy. Comorbidities included hypertension (10.8%), epilepsy (4.7%), depression (14.0%), and anxiety (15.6%). Polypharmacy involving both preventive and acute medications was most common before pregnancy (31.4%) and declined in first trimester (14.7%). In all, 25.9% of women filled prescriptions for two or more acute medications before pregnancy. Conclusions: Medication use patterns during pregnancy for women with migraine are complex. Patterns of polypharmacy and comorbidity during pregnancy highlight an under-studied area relevant for maternal and child health outcomes

Ultimate response dynamics achieved with gas sensors based on self-heated nanowires

Bias current applied to conductometric gas sensors consisting of individual metal oxide nanowires can be used to heat them up to the temperature necessary for sensing. This approach in combination with the good sensitivity and stability of metal-oxide nanowires, can be used to develop prototypes with low power requirements (few tens of microwatts). Here, we present new sensors devices based on this approach that display fast dynamic performance only limited by the gas-solid interaction kinetics,. © 2009

Infrared spectral fingerprint of neutral and charged endo- and exohedral metallofullerenes

Small metal-containing molecules have been detected and recognized as one of the hybrid species efficiently formed in space; especially in the circumstellar envelopes of evolved stars. It has been predicted also that more complex hybrid species like those formed by metals and fullerenes (metallofullerenes) could be present in such circumstellar environments. Recently, quantum-chemical simulations of metallofullerenes have shown that they are potential emitters contributing to the observed mid-IR spectra in the fullerene-rich circumstellar environments of different types of evolved stars. Here we present the individual simulated mid-IR (~5-50 um) spectra of twenty-eight metallofullerene species; both neutral and charged endo- and exohedral metallofullerenes for seven different metals (Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Ti, and Fe) have been considered. The changes induced by the metal-C60 interaction on the intensity and position of the spectral features are highlighted using charge density difference maps and electron density partitioning. Our calculations identify the fundamental IR spectral regions where, depending on the metal binding nature, there should be a major spectral contribution from each of the metallofullerenes. The metallofullerenes IR spectra are made publicly available to the astronomical community, especially James Webb Space Telescope users, for comparisons that could eventually lead to the detection of these species in space.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series on 19 September 2023 (in press) (13 pages, 7 figures, and 1 table

Aplicaciones de las series de tiempo en modelos de tráfico para una red de datos

En las redes modernas de comunicaciones es importante poder aplicar modelos matemáticos para explicar la relación que existe entre la capacidad de la red, el tráfico y el nivel de desempeño que la misma puede alcanzar. Como dicho tráfico es de naturaleza estadística se suele representar mediante algún proceso estocástico adecuado, con lo que se constituyen diferentes modelos de tráfico. Este artículo pretende iniciar al lector en Modelos estadísticos con series de tiempo para poder realizar un control más oportuno y eficiente en forma integrada a diferentes niveles de la jerarquía funcional de la red

Common Carotid Artery Hemodynamic and Stiffness Responses to Acute and Repeated Bouts of High Intensity Cardiorespiratory and Resistance Exercise

High intensity exercise is a popular mode of physical activity amongst professional and recreational athletes. The physiological stress induced by intense cardiorespiratory and muscular strengthening exercise has clinically relevant cardiovascular benefits. However, the immediate cerebrovascular response to acute and repeated bouts of intense exercise has yet to be determined. PURPOSE: To observe the hemodynamic and stiffness indexes of the common carotid artery (CCA) in response to acute and repeated bouts of cardiorespiratory and resistance exercise. METHODS: Participants (n=28) performed a maximal oxygen consumption test (VO2max), leg strength test (1RM), a sprint interval session (SIS, all out 20m sprints, 3 sets, 6 repetitions), and a repeated leg press session (RLP, 80% of 1RM, 3 sets, 6 repetitions). CCA peak systolic velocity (PS), end-diastolic velocity (ED), time-averaged maximal velocity (TAMAX), time-averaged mean velocity (TAMEAN), pulsatility index (PI), and average diameter (DIAM) were captured in the supine position by Doppler ultrasound before and within 10 minutes of the cessation of exercise. Carotid stiffness index (β), Peterson’s Elastic Modulus (Ep), distensibility (DISTEN), and compliance (AC) were also calculated. RESULTS: Significant changes were observed in heart rate (HR) across all condition (p2max significantly changed PS (pp=0.029), TAMAX (p=0.002), TAMEAN (p=0.018), PI (p=0.009), and DIAM (p=0.028). SIS significantly changed PS (ppppp=0.009), Ep (p=0.008), AC (pp=0.002). When comparing response of each measure(Δ) between conditions, main effects were evident for HR (pp=0.002), ED (p=0.009), PI (p=0.003), β (p=0.027), Ep (p=0.047), DIAM (p=0.027), DISTEN (p=0.017). CONCLUSION: Acute and repeated bouts of high intensity cardiorespiratory and resistance exercise induce hemodynamic and stiffness changes in the CCA, with differences in response observed between conditions