DATEA

Este trabajo ha sido elaborado con la finalidad de desarrollar el plan integral de nuestra idea de negocio. A lo largo de este informe y luego de haber presentado la breve descripción de la idea que escogimos, se abordarán los siguientes temas: Diseño y desarrollo del Business Model Canvas; en donde identificamos el perfil de nuestro cliente. Además, desarrollamos el mapa de valor, junto con la descripción de nuestra propuesta de valor y los elementos diferenciales frente a la competencia. Luego pasamos al desarrollo y validación de todos los cuadrantes del BMC; en donde se utilizaron varios experimentos que nos ayudaron a sustentar todos los cuadrantes. Al término de ello, se procederá a explicar todo el plan del marketing mix en donde se abordarán las variables de producto, precio, plaza, promoción y fidelización específicamente para la idea de negocio que estamos desarrollando. Seguido por el plan financiero, en donde se detallará la proyección de ventas, el presupuesto de inversión, los ingresos y egresos, flujo de caja, VAN y financiamiento. Finalmente, concluimos el trabajo con las conclusiones y recomendaciones de toda la investigación, las cuales han sido consensuadas a nivel de todo el grupo y de gran ayuda para poder continuar con el desarrollo y mejoramiento de nuestra idea de negocio.This report has been prepared with the purpose of developing the integral plan of our business idea. Throughout this report and after having presented the brief description of the idea we chose, the following topics will be described: Design and development of the Business Model Canvas; where we identify the profile of our client. In addition, we develop the value map, together with the description of our value proposition and the differentiating elements compared to the competition. Then we move on to the development and validation of all the quadrants of the BMC; where several experiments were used that helped us to support all the quadrants. Next, we will proceed to explain all the marketing mix plan, where we will talk about producto, Price, placement, promotion and Fidelity, especifically for the developing idea. Followed by the financial plan, where the sales proyection, investment Budget, income and expenses, cashflow, NPV and financing will be detailed. Finally, we concluded the work with the conclusions and recommendations of all the topics, which have been agreed at the level of the whole group and have been of great help to be able to continue with the development and improvement of our business idea.Trabajo de investigació

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Relationship between consumer trust, brand awareness, quality, satisfaction, security and WOM in department stores in Lima and Callao in 2022

En los últimos años, el comercio electrónico ha cobrado gran relevancia a nivel mundial, ya que las organizaciones se han centrado en fortalecerlo con el propósito de incrementar su desempeño comercial. Además, a medida que el acceso y la adopción de Internet han aumentado, la cantidad de compradores digitales también. Un reflejo de ello es que las ventas mundiales online aumentaron un 4% en el 2019 versus el año anterior (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development [UNCTAD], 2021). Adicionalmente, a partir del 2020, con las medidas restrictivas sanitarias en el mundo para contener la propagación del COVID-19, se generó un efecto catalizador en el comercio electrónico que desencadenó el crecimiento de las ventas globales por internet en un 24 % (Chevalier, 2021). Efecto que fue más notorio en los países de América Latina, donde las compras a través de plataformas tecnológicas alcanzaron en promedio un 66% de crecimiento (Euromonitor Internacional, 2022). Sin embargo, a pesar del incremento que este alcanzó en Perú, aún se evidencia un temor latente en cierta parte de la población que impide su inserción en las compras online. Por tal motivo, se optó por ahondar en la relación entre la confianza y el reconocimiento de marca, la calidad del servicio, satisfacción del cliente, seguridad y comunicación WOM en tiendas por departamento de Lima y Callao en el 2022. Para ello, se encuestó a una muestra de 250 personas, cuyos datos fueron analizados a través del programa SPSS Statics, obteniendo que existe una relación directa entre las variables mencionadas.In the latest’s years the electronic commerce has gained relevance worldwide, organizations are focused on increasing its commercial value. A 4% rise in online sales was evidenced from 2018 to 2019 (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development [UNCTAD], 2021) due to increased internet access and use. Additionally, the sanitary measures enforced due to the covid pandemic worked as a catalyzer to increase e-commerce worldwide sales by 24% (Chevalier, 2021). This effect was notorious in South America where sales through electronic platforms reached a 66% increase (Euromonitor Internacional, 2022). Despite the increase in peruvian e-commerce there is still resistance to adopt this trend, we have identified several factors that could be of influence like trust, brand awareness, quality, client satisfaction, security and WOM communication in department stores in Lima and Callao in 2022. To assess this a sample of 250 persons was analyzed through the SPSS program, obtaining a significant relation between the aforementioned variables.Tesi

Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Results From the CREDENCE Trial and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Chronic kidney disease with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate or elevated albuminuria increases risk for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. This study assessed the effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on stroke and atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) from CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) and a meta-analysis of large cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of SGLT2i in type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS: CREDENCE randomized 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease to canagliflozin or placebo. Post hoc, we estimated effects on fatal or nonfatal stroke, stroke subtypes, and intermediate markers of stroke risk including AF/AFL. Stroke and AF/AFL data from 3 other completed large CVOTs and CREDENCE were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.RESULTS: In CREDENCE, 142 participants experienced a stroke during follow-up (10.9/1000 patient-years with canagliflozin, 14.2/1000 patient-years with placebo; hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.55-1.08]). Effects by stroke subtypes were: ischemic (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.61-1.28]; n=111), hemorrhagic (HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.19-1.32]; n=18), and undetermined (HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.20-1.46]; n=17). There was no clear effect on AF/AFL (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.53-1.10]; n=115). The overall effects in the 4 CVOTs combined were: total stroke (HRpooled, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.82-1.12]), ischemic stroke (HRpooled, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.89-1.14]), hemorrhagic stroke (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.30-0.83]), undetermined stroke (HRpooled, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.49-1.51]), and AF/AFL (HRpooled, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.71-0.93]). There was evidence that SGLT2i effects on total stroke varied by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (P=0.01), with protection in the lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate (<45 mL/min/1.73 m2]) subgroup (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31-0.79]).CONCLUSIONS: Although we found no clear effect of SGLT2i on total stroke in CREDENCE or across trials combined, there was some evidence of benefit in preventing hemorrhagic stroke and AF/AFL, as well as total stroke for those with lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate. Future research should focus on confirming these data and exploring potential mechanisms. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02065791

Kidney and Cardiovascular Effects of Canagliflozin According to Age and Sex: A Post Hoc Analysis of the CREDENCE Randomized Clinical Trial

Rationale & Objective: It is unclear whether the effect of canagliflozin on adverse kidney and cardiovascular events in those with diabetic kid-ney disease varies by age and sex. We assessed the effects of canagliflozin among age group categories and between sexes in the Canagli-flozin and Renal Endpoints in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) study.Study Design: Secondary analysis of a random-ized controlled trial. Setting & Participants: Participants in the CREDENCE trial. Intervention: Participants were randomly assigned to receive canagliflozin 100 mg/d or placebo.Outcomes: Primary composite outcome of kid-ney failure, doubling of serum creatinine con-centration, or death due to kidney or cardiovascular disease. Prespecified secondary and safety outcomes were also analyzed. Out-comes were evaluated by age at baseline (<60, 60-69, and >_70 years) and sex in the intention-to-treat population using Cox regression models.Results: The mean age of the cohort was 63.0 & PLUSMN; 9.2 years, and 34% were female. Older age and female sex were independently associ-ated with a lower risk of the composite of adverse kidney outcomes. There was no evidence that the effect of canagliflozin on the primary outcome (acomposite of kidney failure, a doubling of serum creatinine concentration, or death from kidney or cardiovascular causes) differed between age groups (HRs, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.52-0.87], 0.63 [0.4 8-0.82], and 0.89 [0.61-1.29] for ages <60, 60-69, and >_70 years, respectively; P = 0.3 for interaction) or sexes (HRs, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.5 4-0.95] and 0.69 [0.56-0.8 4] in women and men, respectively; P = 0.8 for interaction). No differences in safety outcomes by age group or sex were observed.Limitations: This was a post hoc analysis with multiple comparisons.Conclusions: Canagliflozin consistently reduced the relative risk of kidney events in people with diabetic kidney disease in both sexes and across age subgroups. As a result of greater background risk, the absolute reduction in adverse kidney outcomes was greater in younger participants.Funding: This post hoc analysis of the CREDENCE trial was not funded. The CREDENCE study was sponsored by Janssen Research and Development and was conducted collaboratively by the sponsor, an academic-led steering committee, and an academic research organization, George Clinical.Trial Registration: The original CREDENCE trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with study number NCT02065791