Chemical composition, mineral content and in vitro digestibility from ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in relation to the cutting interval and growing season

El objetivo fue evaluar la calidad nutritiva del forraje raigrás (Lolium perenne) a diferente madurez (0, 7, 14 y 28 días) en tres épocas del año, otoño (O), invierno (I) y primavera-verano (PV), en un diseño experimental completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 4x3. La madurez del forraje aumentó de forma lineal y cuadrática el contenido de materia seca, fibra detergente ácido y lignina ácido detergente, y de forma cuadrática la fibra detergente neutro; la materia orgánica (MO) bajó de forma lineal y cuadrática, y la proteína cruda (PC) disminuyó linealmente al madurar el forraje. La MO y PC fueron mayores en PV (P<0.01). La producción total de gas, degradabilidad y producción de gas relativa, bajaron de forma lineal y cuadrática (P<0.05) al madurar la planta; la degradabilidad y producción de gas relativa fueron mayores al día cero y en la época PV; el volumen de gas por efecto del intervalo de corte, en las tres épocas, disminuyó con la edad del forraje. El tiempo de retardo de incubación fue mayor (P<0.01) en PV. El contenido mineral del forraje se afectó (P<0.05) por el intervalo de corte y época del año; el mayor aporte fue al día cero y en PV. Los niveles de P, Ca, K, Mg y Zn del forraje no cubren los requerimientos de vacas en producción en las distintas épocas y edades de corte evaluadas. El forraje tuvo mayor calidad en la época PV, antes de 28 días de edad

Efecto del nivel de concentrado sobre el perfil de ácidos grasos de la leche de vacas holstein en pastoreo

El contenido de ácido linoléico conjugado (CLA c9 t11) en leche depende principalmente de la producción en el rumen de ácido vaccénico, el cual está influenciado por el aporte de los ácidos linoléico y linolénico en la dieta. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del nivel de concentrado en la producción, composición y perfil de ácidos grasos de la leche de nueve vacas Holstein en praderas asociadas de gramíneas y leguminosas. El diseño experimental fue un cuadro latino 3×3 y los tratamientos fueron: 1) 8 kg concentrado y 8 h en la pradera (8c); 2) 5 kg concentrado y 12 h en la pradera (5c), y 3) 3 kg de concentrado y 12 h en la pradera (3c). Los datos se analizaron con el procedimiento MIXTO de SAS y las medias de los tratamientos se compararon con la prueba de Tukey (p £ 0.05). La producción de leche y el contenido de grasa, proteína y lactosa fueron mayores (p £ 0.05) en el tratamiento 8c. La concentración de los ácidos grasos (AG) láurico, mirís - tico y palmítico se incrementó en la leche (p £ 0.05) al aumen - tar el nivel de concentrado. El contenido de los AG de cadena larga ( ³ C18) fue mayor (p £ 0.05) con 3 kg de concentrado, excepto para C18:2 c9c12. La reducción del concentrado su - ministrado a vacas Holstein en praderas asociadas disminuye el contenido de AG saturados, pero aumenta el contenido de los insaturados, especialmente de los ácidos oleico, linoléni - co, vaccénico y CLA c9 t11

Effect of increasing levels of seven tree species extracts added to a high concentrate diet on in vitro rumen gas output

There is a constant relationship between PSM at relatively low and moderate concentrations, and gas production (GP). This depends on the nature, activity and concentration of its active principles (Jiménez-Peralta et al. 2011; Salem et al. 2014). Rumen microorganisms have the ability to degrade low concentrations of alkaloids (Wachenheim et al. 1992), saponins (Hart et al. 2008) and phenolics (Varel et al. 1991) and utilize them as an energy source, without negative effects on rumen fermentation.This study was conducted to investigate the effects of increasing levels of extracts of Byrsonima crassifolia, Celtis pallida, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Fraxinus excelsior, Ficus trigonata, Phoradendrom brevifolium and Prunus domestica on in vitro gas production (GP) and ruminal fermentation of a high concentrate diet. Plant extracts were prepared at 1 g dry matter (DM)/8 mL of solvent mixture (methanol : ethanol : water, 1:1:8) and added at levels of 0, 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 mL/g DM of a high concentrate diet. In vitro GP was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation. Increasing addition of extracts linearly increased (P 0.05) occurred between the extracts and doses, it could be conclude that all extracts positively modified rumen fermentation at doses of 1.2 to 1.8 mL extract/g diet DM

Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease With Visual Hallucinations and Subjective Cognitive Complaints

Cognitive impairment; Parkinson's disease; Visual hallucinationsDeterioro cognitivo; Enfermedad de Parkinson; Alucinaciones visualesDeteriorament cognitiu; Malaltia de Parkinson; Al·lucinacions visualsBackground and Purpose Visual hallucinations (VH) and subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) are associated with cognitive impairment (CI) in Parkinson’s disease. Our aims were to determine the association between VH and SCC and the risk of CI development in a cohort of patients with Parkinson’s disease and normal cognition (PD-NC). Methods Patients with PD-NC (total score of >80 on the Parkinson’s Disease Cognitive Rating Scale [PD-CRS]) recruited from the Spanish COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017 were followed up after 2 years. Subjects with a score of ≥1 on domain 5 and item 13 of the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale at baseline (V0) were considered as “with SCC” and “with VH,” respectively. CI at the 2-year follow-up (plus or minus 1 month) (V2) was defined as a PD-CRS total score of <81. Results At V0 (n=376, 58.2% males, age 61.14±8.73 years [mean±SD]), the frequencies of VH and SCC were 13.6% and 62.2%, respectively. VH were more frequent in patients with SCC than in those without: 18.8% (44/234) vs 4.9% (7/142), p<0.0001. At V2, 15.2% (57/376) of the patients had developed CI. VH presenting at V0 was associated with a higher risk of CI at V2 (odds ratio [OR]=2.68, 95% confidence interval=1.05–6.83, p=0.0.039) after controlling for the effects of age, disease duration, education, medication, motor and nonmotor status, mood, and PD-CRS total score at V0. Although SCC were not associated with CI at V2, presenting both VH and SCC at V0 increased the probability of having CI at V2 (OR=3.71, 95% confidence interval=1.36–10.17, p=0.011). Conclusions VH were associated with the development of SCC and CI at the 2-year follow-up in patients with PD-NC.The resources obtained for the development of this project have been obtained by the Degen Foundation (https://fundaciondegen.org/). A part of the Project is financed with grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [PI16/01575] co-founded by ISCIII (Concesión de subvenciones de Proyectos de Investigación en Salud de la convocatoria 2020 de la Acción Estratégica en Salud 2017-2020 por el proyecto “PROGRESIÓN NO MOTORA E IMPACTO EN LA CALIDAD DE VIDA EN LA ENFERMEDAD DE PARKINSON”)

Ileal apparent and standardized amino acid digestibility of soybean and colza meal in diets for finishing pigs

Agri-food chains generate by-products such as soybean and colza meal for animal feed. Their nutritional value is variable and should be analysed for better quality control before their inclusion in balanced diets. The objective was to determine the content and ileal apparent and standardized digestibility of protein and amino acids (AA) of soybean (PS) and colza meal (PC) as a source of protein in diets for finishing pigs. The experimental units were arranged in a 3×3 Latin square design repeated. The treatments (T) were T1: PS+corn starch, T2: PC+corn starch, and T3: corn starch (Control), which were randomly assigned to six pigs cannulated in distal ileum (PV 75±1.2 kg). The variables were contents and apparent ileal and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in soybean and colza meal. To determine digestibility, chromic oxide was added to the diets. The protein and fat contents were higher in the soybean meal. Ash, crude fibre, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, phosphorus and calcium contents were higher in the colza meal. Essential amino acid content was higher in soybean meal, but methionine was higher in colza meal. Apparent ileal digestibility (DIA) of total amino acids was similar (p > 0.05) among protein ingredients; but for lysine and threonine it was higher (p ≤ 0.05) in soybean meal, except methionine. Methionine DIA was 89.78 %, 3.88 % higher (p ≤ 0.05) in colza meal. Standardized ileal digestibility (DIE) of total amino acids was similar (p > 0.05) among ingredients, but lysine and threonine were higher (p ≤ 0.05) in soybean meal. DIE was different (p ≤ 0.05) among ingredients for all amino acids except methionine. Ileal and standardized digestibility of all amino acids were higher in soybean meal, except methionine, which was higher in colza meal. The DIA of total amino acids was similar in both protein ingredients, except lysine and threonine in soybean meal and methionine in colza meal

Neumopericardio espontáneo en el recién nacido a término

Introduction: pneumopericardium is a little frequent but potentially serious disorder, defined by the presence of air in the pericardial cavity or space. Clinical case: two cases of term newborn presented, by different birth ways, with respiratory difficulty signs, low cardiac sounds, presented but diminished pulses, radiologically proving the presence of pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium, as well as microvoltage in the electrocardiogram. They were realized after seven days of life, with favorable evolution. Conclusions: pneumopericardium is a infrequent clinical situation. It requires a high index of clinical suspicion, since it constitutes a cause for hemodynamic instability and threat to life.RESUMENIntroducción: el neumopericardio es un trastorno poco frecuente pero potencialmente grave, definido por la presencia de aire en la cavidad pericárdica. Caso clínico: se presentan dos casos de recién nacidos a término, con vías de nacimiento diferentes, que presentaron signos de dificultad respiratoria, ruidos cardiacos apagados, pulsos presentes pero disminuidos, demostrándose radiológicamente la presencia de neumomediastino y neumopericardio, así como microvoltaje en el electrocardiograma. Se egresan a los siete días de vida con una evolución favorable. Conclusiones: el neumopericardio es una situación clínica infrecuente pero posible. Requiere un alto índice de sospecha clínica ya que es causa de inestabilidad hemodinámica y amenaza vital

Neumopericardio espontáneo en el recién nacido a término

Introduction: pneumopericardium is a little frequent but potentially serious disorder, defined by the presence of air in the pericardial cavity or space. Clinical case: two cases of term newborn presented, by different birth ways, with respiratory difficulty signs, low cardiac sounds, presented but diminished pulses, radiologically proving the presence of pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium, as well as microvoltage in the electrocardiogram. They were realized after seven days of life, with favorable evolution. Conclusions: pneumopericardium is a infrequent clinical situation. It requires a high index of clinical suspicion, since it constitutes a cause for hemodynamic instability and threat to life.RESUMENIntroducción: el neumopericardio es un trastorno poco frecuente pero potencialmente grave, definido por la presencia de aire en la cavidad pericárdica. Caso clínico: se presentan dos casos de recién nacidos a término, con vías de nacimiento diferentes, que presentaron signos de dificultad respiratoria, ruidos cardiacos apagados, pulsos presentes pero disminuidos, demostrándose radiológicamente la presencia de neumomediastino y neumopericardio, así como microvoltaje en el electrocardiograma. Se egresan a los siete días de vida con una evolución favorable. Conclusiones: el neumopericardio es una situación clínica infrecuente pero posible. Requiere un alto índice de sospecha clínica ya que es causa de inestabilidad hemodinámica y amenaza vital

Corrosion resistance of anodic layers grown on 304L stainless steel at different anodizing times and stirring speeds

Different chemical and physical treatments have been used to improve the properties and functionalities of steels. Anodizing is one of the most promising treatments, due to its versatility and easy industrial implementation. It allows the growth of nanoestructured oxide films with interesting properties able to be employed in different industrial sectors. The present work studies the influence of the anodizing time (15, 30, 45 and 60 min), as well as the stirring speed (0, 200, 400, and 600 rpm), on the morphology and the corrosion resistance of the anodic layers grown in 304L stainless steel. The anodic layers were characterized morphologically, compositionally, and electrochemically, in order to determine the influence of the anodization parameters on their corrosion behavior in a 0.6 mol L-1 NaCl solution. The results show that at 45 and 60 min anodizing times, the formation of two microstructures is favored, associated with the collapse of the nanoporous structures at the metal-oxide interphace. However, both the stirring speed and the anodizing time have a negligeable effect on the corrosion behavior of the anodized 304L SS samples, since their electrochemical values are similar to those of the non-anodized ones

SALMANTICOR study. Rationale and design of a population-based study to identify structural heart disease abnormalities: a spatial and machine learning analysis

[EN]Introduction: This study aims to obtain data on the prevalence and incidence of structural heart disease in a population setting and, to analyse and present those data on the application of spatial and machine learning methods that, although known to geography and statistics, need to become used for healthcare research and for political commitment to obtain resources and support effective public health programme implementation. Methods and analysis: We will perform a cross-sectional survey of randomly selected residents of Salamanca (Spain). 2400 individuals stratified by age and sex and by place of residence (rural and urban) will be studied. The variables to analyse will be obtained from the clinical history, different surveys including social status, Mediterranean diet, functional capacity, ECG, echocardiogram, VASERA and biochemical as well as genetic analysis. Ethics and dissemination: The study has been approved by the ethical committee of the healthcare community. All study participants will sign an informed consent for participation in the study. The results of this study will allow the understanding of the relationship between the different influencing factors and their relative importance weights in the development of structural heart disease