1,278 research outputs found
Determining the Effectiveness of Optimal Time-Varying Hedge Ratios for Cattle Feeders under Multiproduct and Single Commodity Settings
The purpose of this paper is to determine and contrast the risk mitigating effectiveness from optimal multiproduct time-varying hedge ratios, applied to the margin of a cattle feedlot operation, over single commodity time-varying and naive hedge ratios. Design/methodology/approach – A parsimonious regime-switching dynamic correlations (RSDC) model is estimated in two-stages, where the dynamic correlations among prices of numerous commodities vary proportionally between two different regimes/levels. This property simplifies estimation methods for a large number of parameters involved. Findings – There is significant evidence that resulting simultaneous correlations among the prices (spot and futures) for each commodity attain different levels along the time-series. Second, for in and out-of-sample data there is a substantial reduction in the operation’s margin variance provided from both multiproduct and single time-varying optimal hedge ratios over naive hedge ratios. Lastly, risk mitigation is attained at a lower cost given that average optimal multiproduct and single time-varying hedge ratios obtained for corn, feeder cattle and live cattle are significantly below the naive full hedge ratio. Research limitations/implications – The application studied is limited in that once a hedge position has been set at a particular period, it is not possible to modify or update at a subsequent period. Practical implications – Agricultural producers, specifically cattle feeders, may profit from a tool using improved techniques to determine hedge ratios by considering a larger amount of up-to-date information. Moreover, these agents may apply hedge ratios significantly lower than one and thus mitigate risk at lower costs. Originality/value – Feedlot operators will benefit from the potential implementation of this parsimonious RSDC model for their hedging operations, as it provides average optimal hedge ratios significantly lower than one and sizeable advantages in margin risk mitigation. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Flow Velocity Measurement by Image Processing of Optically Activated Tracers
A computerized flow visualization technique
capable of quantifying the flow field automatically
has been developed. This technique uses afterglowing effect of optically activated phosphorescent
particles to retrieve vectorial information on each
trace. By using this information, in conjunction
with computer image processing, the flow field of a
free surface transient vortex was investigated
Wavelength calibration of the JWST-MIRI medium resolution spectrometer
We present the wavelength and spectral resolution characterisation of the
Integral Field Unit (IFU) Medium Resolution Spectrometer for the Mid-InfraRed
Instrument (MIRI), to fly onboard the James Webb Space Telescope in 2014. We
use data collected using the Verification Model of the instrument and develop
an empirical method to calibrate properties such as wavelength range and
resolving power in a portion of the spectrometer's full spectral range (5-28
microns). We test our results against optical models to verify the system
requirements and combine them with a study of the fringing pattern in the
instrument's detector to provide a more accurate calibration. We show that
MIRI's IFU spectrometer will be able to produce spectra with a resolving power
above R=2800 in the wavelength range 6.46-7.70 microns, and that the unresolved
spectral lines are well fitted by a Gaussian profile.Comment: 12 pages, submitted to SPIE Proceedings vol. 7731, Space Telescopes
and Instrumentation 2010: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wav
Simulation and Analysis of Natural Rain in a Wind Tunnel via Digital Image Processing Techniques
It is desired to simulate natural rain in a
wind tunnel in order to investigate its influence
on the aerodynamic characteristics of aircraft.
Rain simulation nozzles have been developed and
tested at JPL. Pulsed laser sheet illumination is
used to photograph the droplets in the moving
airstream. Digital image processing techniques are
applied to these photographs for calculation of
rain statistics to evaluate the performance of the
nozzles. It is found that fixed hypodermic type
nozzles inject too much water to simulate natural
rain conditions. A modification uses two aerodynamic
spinners to flex a tube in a pseudo-random
fashion to distribute the water over a larger area
A first look at quasi-Monte Carlo for lattice field theory problems
In this project we initiate an investigation of the applicability of Quasi-Monte Carlo methods to lattice field theories in order to improve the asymptotic error behavior of observables for such theories. In most cases the error of an observable calculated by averaging over random observations generated from an ordinary Monte Carlo simulation behaves like N−1/2, where N is the number of observations. By means of Quasi-Monte Carlo methods it is possible to improve this behavior for certain problems to up to N−1. We adapted and applied this approach to simple systems like the quantum harmonic and anharmonic oscillator and verified an improved error scaling.Peer Reviewe
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus NSs Protein Supports Infection and Systemic Movement of a Potyvirus and Is a Symptom Determinant
Plant viruses are inducers and targets of antiviral RNA silencing. To condition susceptibility, most plant viruses encode silencing suppressor proteins that interfere with antiviral RNA silencing. The NSs protein is an RNA silencing suppressor in orthotospoviruses, such as the tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). The mechanism of RNA silencing suppression by NSs and its role in virus infection and movement are poorly understood. Here, we cloned and tagged TSWV NSs and expressed it from a GFP-tagged turnip mosaic virus (TuMV-GFP) carrying either a wild-type or suppressor-deficient (AS9) helper component proteinase (HC-Pro). When expressed in cis, NSs restored pathogenicity and promoted systemic infection of suppressor-deficient TuMV-AS9-GFP in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana. Inactivating mutations were introduced in NSs RNA-binding domain one. A genetic analysis with active and suppressor-deficient NSs, in combination with wild-type and mutant plants lacking essential components of the RNA silencing machinery, showed that the NSs insert is stable when expressed from a potyvirus. NSs can functionally replace potyviral HC-Pro, condition virus susceptibility, and promote systemic infection and symptom development by suppressing antiviral RNA silencing through a mechanism that partially overlaps that of potyviral HC-Pro. The results presented provide new insight into the mechanism of silencing suppression by NSs and its effect on virus infection
Infrared Constraints on AGN Tori Models
This work focuses on the properties of dusty tori in active galactic nuclei
(AGN) derived from the comparison of SDSS type 1 quasars with mid-Infrared
(MIR) counterparts and a new, detailed torus model. The infrared data were
taken by the Spitzer Wide-area InfraRed Extragalactic (SWIRE) Survey. Basic
model parameters are constraint, such as the density law of the graphite and
silicate grains, the torus size and its opening angle. A whole variety of
optical depths is supported. The favoured models are those with decreasing
density with distance from the centre, while there is no clear tendency as to
the covering factor, ie small, medium and large covering factors are almost
equally distributed. Based on the models that better describe the observed
SEDs, properties such as the accretion luminosity, the mass of dust, the inner
to outer radius ratio and the hydrogen column density are computed.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, to appear in "Infrared Diagnostics of Galaxy
Evolution", ASP Conference Series, Pasadena, 14-16 November 200
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