RDF-TR: Exploiting structural redundancies to boost RDF compression

The number and volume of semantic data have grown impressively over the last decade, promoting compression as an essential tool for RDF preservation, sharing and management. In contrast to universal compressors, RDF compression techniques are able to detect and exploit specific forms of redundancy in RDF data. Thus, state-of-the-art RDF compressors excel at exploiting syntactic and semantic redundancies, i.e., repetitions in the serialization format and information that can be inferred implicitly. However, little attention has been paid to the existence of structural patterns within the RDF dataset; i.e. structural redundancy. In this paper, we analyze structural regularities in real-world datasets, and show three schema-based sources of redundancies that underpin the schema-relaxed nature of RDF. Then, we propose RDF-Tr (RDF Triples Reorganizer), a preprocessing technique that discovers and removes this kind of redundancy before the RDF dataset is effectively compressed. In particular, RDF-Tr groups subjects that are described by the same predicates, and locally re-codes the objects related to these predicates. Finally, we integrate RDF-Tr with two RDF compressors, HDT and k2-triples. Our experiments show that using RDF-Tr with these compressors improves by up to 2.3 times their original effectiveness, outperforming the most prominent state-of-the-art techniques

Spatial spillovers in public expenditure on a municipal level in Spain

A key function of local governments is to provide a wide array of public services. The supply of these services has been found to create spatial spillovers among neighbouring municipalities. Although it is generally agreed that spillovers are present in models that explain government expenditures, their type—whether endogenous, exogenous or residual—and sign—whether positive or negative—remain ambiguous. In most cases, a subjective process is used to select the type of spatial regression model used in analysis, with mixed results. Per capita expenditures of ten subprogrammes (Security, Housing, Welfare, Environment, Social services, Employment promotion, Health, Education, Culture and Sport) are analysed for all Spanish municipalities with more than 5000 inhabitants in the 2010–2012 period. A Spatial Seemingly Unrelated Regression methodology in a panel framework is used to incorporate correlation between different subprogrammes and spatial dependence. Our results show that the three types of spatial effects are present. Furthermore, substantive dependence is positive in most cases, while negative residual dependence is observed in some.We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of three anonymous reviewers in helping us improve the quality of this paper. Prof. Fernando A. López , grateful for the financial support offered by the projects from Programa de Ayudas a Grupos de Excelencia de la Región de Murcia, Fundación Seneca (#19884-GERM-15) and Ministry of Economy and Competiveness (ECO2015-651758)

Validation of perinatal post‑traumatic stress disorder questionnaire for Spanish women during the postpartum period

Professor Khan is Distinguished Investigator at University of Granada funded by the Beatriz Galindo (senior modality) program of the Spanish Ministry of Education.Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https ://doi. org/10.1038/s4159 8-021-85144 -2.To determine the psychometric properties of the Perinatal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Questionnaire (PPQ) in Spanish. A cross-sectional study of 432 Spanish puerperal women was conducted, following ethical approval. The PPQ was administered online through midwives' associations across Spain. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to diagnose postnatal depression for examining criterion validity. Data were collected on sociodemographic, obstetric, and neonatal variables. An exploratory factorial analysis (EFA) was performed with convergence and criterion validation. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. The EFA identified three components that explained 63.3% of variance. The PPQ's convergence validation associated the risk of PTSD with variables including birth plan, type of birth, hospital length of stay, hospital readmission, admission of the newborn to care unit, skin-to-skin contact, maternal feeding at discharge, maternal perception of partner support, and respect shown by healthcare professionals during childbirth and puerperium. The area under the ROC curve for the risk of postnatal depression (criterion validity) was 0.86 (95% CI 0.82-0.91). Internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha value was 0.896. The PPQ used when screening for PTSD in postpartum Spanish women showed adequate psychometric properties.Spanish Governmen

How Human Mobility Models Can Help to Deal with COVID-19

[EN] One of the key factors for the spreading of human infections, such as the COVID-19, is human mobility. There is a huge background of human mobility models developed with the aim of evaluating the performance of mobile computer networks, such as cellular networks, opportunistic networks, etc. In this paper, we propose the use of these models for evaluating the temporal and spatial risk of transmission of the COVID-19 disease. First, we study both pure synthetic model and simulated models based on pedestrian simulators, generated for real urban scenarios such as a square and a subway station. In order to evaluate the risk, two different risks of exposure are defined. The results show that we can obtain not only the temporal risk but also a heat map with the exposure risk in the evaluated scenario. This is particularly interesting for public spaces, where health authorities could make effective risk management plans to reduce the risk of transmission.Hernández-Orallo, E.; Armero-Martínez, A. (2021). How Human Mobility Models Can Help to Deal with COVID-19. Electronics. 10(1):1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics1001003312410

Microbial control in fresh horticultural products using active paper sheets with essential oils. A case study in lemon cv. Verna

Active packaging with essential oils (EOs) encapsulated in β-cyclodextrins is a strategy to achieve a controlled EOs release, whose antimicrobial and antioxidant properties are widely known. The microbial loads of lemons (cv. Verna) packaged in a box including an active paper sheet (EOs encapsulated in β-cyclodextrins) was studied during refrigerated storage (8 ºC) with supplementary commercialization periods (5 days at room temperature). Lemons preserved with active sheets showed 0.5 and ≈3 log CFU cm -2 lower mesophilic loads than control samples after 5 weeks of refrigeration and their respective commercialization periods. In addition, the active sheets reduced Enterobacteriaceae and yeasts/molds growth by ≈1, 1.23, and 0.1 log CFU cm -2, respectively. On the other side, the physicochemical quality (soluble solid content, pH and titratable acidity) of lemons was not affected by the active packaging. In conclusion, the active packaging preserved the microbial quality in lemon while physicochemical quality was not affected

Effect of active paper sheets with encapsulated essential oils on lemon quality during its refrigerated conservation

Essential oils (EOs) are highly appreciated plant products in the food industry as sustainable alternative preservatives due to their high antimicrobial activity. For this reason, active packaging with EOs is a strategy with high potential for the preservation of fresh fruit and vegetables. In this work, the evolution of the physicochemical quality of lemons (var. Verna) in boxes with active paper sheets (EOs encapsulated in β-cyclodextrins) was studied for 5 weeks at 8 ºC, with supplementary commercialization simulation periods (5 days at room temperature). Lemons with active packaging showed less weight loss (1.3 %) compared to control samples (2.1 %), and maintained 30 % more firmness after 5 weeks, while color was not affected (p >0.05). In conclusion, the packaging of lemons with active paper sheets can be considered as an excellent conservation alternative, since it releases EO in a controlled manner preserving the lemon quality during both refrigerated and commercialization periods

Construcción de una herramienta observacional para evaluar las conductas prosociales en las clases de educación física

This study describes the construction and validation of an original, "ad hoc" taxonomic system that allows the pro-social behav io u rs produced during compulsory secon dary sch ool physical education classes to be observed. Such behaviours are related to the development of positive values. Technically, the tool combines field format systems and E/ME category systems, which have been developed from a deductive perspective under the theoretical framework of Kohlberg's development of moral reasoning. The tool's optimisation process includes monitoring and analysing the quality of the data and focuses on consensus-based concordance and the analysis of the generalisabil ity theory, which yielded good results