Recycled wastewater as a potential source of microplastics in irrigated soils from an arid-insular territory (Fuerteventura, Spain)

In this work, the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in irrigation recycled wastewaters (RWWs) and a desalinated brackish water (DBW) from the arid territory of Fuerteventura (Canary Islands, Spain) was studied. Besides, the presence of MPs in two types of soils (sandy-loam and clay-loamy; with no mulch film or fertilization with sewage sludge applied) irrigated with both water qualities was addressed. Results showed the prevalence presence of cellulosic and polyester microfibers (between 84.4 and 100%) of blue and transparent colors (up to 55.6 and 33.3%, respectively), with an average length of 786.9 ± 812.1 μm in the water samples. DBW had the lowest MP concentration (2.0 ± 2.0 items·L−1) while RWW showed concentrations up to 40.0 ± 19.0 items·L−1. Similarities were also observed between the MPs types and sizes found in both soils top layer (0–5 cm), with an average concentration three times greater in soil irrigated with RWW than in soil under DBW irrigation (159 ± 338 vs. 46 ± 92 items·kg−1, respectively). In addition, no MPs were extracted from non-irrigated/non-cultivated soils, suggesting agricultural activities as the unique source of MPs in soils of this arid area. Results show that RWWs constitute a potential source of MPs in irrigated soils that should be considered among other pros and cons linked to the use of this water quality in agricultural arid land

Coupling Mars Ground and Orbital Views: Generate Viewsheds of Mastcam Images From the Curiosity Rover, Using ArcGIS® and Public Datasets

The Mastcam (Mast Camera) instrument onboard the NASA Curiosity rover provides an exclusive view of Mars: High‐resolution color images from Mastcam allow users to study Gale crater's geologic terrains along Curiosity's path. These ground observations complement the spatially broader views of Gale crater provided by spacecrafts from orbit. However, for a given Mastcam image, it can be challenging to locate the corresponding terrains on the orbital view. No method for locating Mastcam images onto orbital images had been made publicly available. The procedure presented here allows users to generate Mastcam image viewsheds, using ArcGIS® software, its built‐in Viewshed tool®, and public Mars datasets. This procedure locates onto Mars orbital view the terrains that are observed in a given Mastcam image. Because this procedure uses public datasets, it is applicable to available Mastcam images and to the future ones that will be acquired along the Curiosity rover's path. This procedure can be used by the public to assess scientific questions regarding Martian surface processes and geologic history. In addition, this procedure can be utilized as pedagogic GIS material by the Geosciences or Planetary Sciences communities, for enhancing students' skillsets in GIS and provide students with experience working with datasets from both orbiter and rover Mars missions

Coupling Mars Ground and Orbital Views: Generate Viewsheds of Mastcam Images From the Curiosity Rover, Using ArcGIS® and Public Datasets

The Mastcam (Mast Camera) instrument onboard the NASA Curiosity rover provides an exclusive view of Mars: High‐resolution color images from Mastcam allow users to study Gale crater's geologic terrains along Curiosity's path. These ground observations complement the spatially broader views of Gale crater provided by spacecrafts from orbit. However, for a given Mastcam image, it can be challenging to locate the corresponding terrains on the orbital view. No method for locating Mastcam images onto orbital images had been made publicly available. The procedure presented here allows users to generate Mastcam image viewsheds, using ArcGIS® software, its built‐in Viewshed tool®, and public Mars datasets. This procedure locates onto Mars orbital view the terrains that are observed in a given Mastcam image. Because this procedure uses public datasets, it is applicable to available Mastcam images and to the future ones that will be acquired along the Curiosity rover's path. This procedure can be used by the public to assess scientific questions regarding Martian surface processes and geologic history. In addition, this procedure can be utilized as pedagogic GIS material by the Geosciences or Planetary Sciences communities, for enhancing students' skillsets in GIS and provide students with experience working with datasets from both orbiter and rover Mars missions

Coupling biological detection to liquid chromatography

La forma habitual de probar la actividad biológica de una planta dada es a partir de una extracto crudo y, si resultase de interés, continuar con la tediosa y costosa y laboriosas tareas de fraccionamiento, purificación y análisis sistemático de cada fracción resultante. Este procedimiento es actualmente el mismo para mezclas complejas resultantes de métodos sintéticos modernos como la química combinatoria. El procedimiento para la caracterización del fármaco se verá beneficiada si se puede restringir el estudio a solo aquellas fracciones donde la actividad biológica estaba presente.CONACYT – Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaPROCIENCI

Effects of accelerated versus standard care surgery on the risk of acute kidney injury in patients with a hip fracture: a substudy protocol of the hip fracture accelerated surgical treatment and care track (HIP ATTACK) international randomised controlled trial

Accelerated surgery; Acute kidney injury; Hip fractureCirugía acelerada; Lesión renal aguda; Fractura de caderaCirurgia accelerada; Lesions renals agudes; Fractura de malucIntroduction: Inflammation, dehydration, hypotension and bleeding may all contribute to the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). Accelerated surgery after a hip fracture can decrease the exposure time to such contributors and may reduce the risk of AKI. Methods and analysis: Hip fracture Accelerated surgical TreaTment And Care tracK (HIP ATTACK) is a multicentre, international, parallel-group randomised controlled trial (RCT). Patients who suffer a hip fracture are randomly allocated to either accelerated medical assessment and surgical repair with a goal of surgery within 6 hours of diagnosis or standard care where a repair typically occurs 24 to 48 hours after diagnosis. The primary outcome of this substudy is the development of AKI within 7 days of randomisation. We anticipate at least 1998 patients will participate in this substudy. Ethics and dissemination: We obtained ethics approval for additional serum creatinine recordings in consecutive patients enrolled at 70 participating centres. All patients provide consent before randomisation. We anticipate reporting substudy results by 2021. Trial registration number: NCT02027896; Pre-results.This work was supported by the following grants: Canadian Institute of Health and Research (CIHR) Foundation Award, CIHR’s Strategy for Patient Oriented Research (SPOR), through the Ontario SPOR Support Unit, which is supported by the CIHR and the Province of Ontario, as well as the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, and a grant from Smith & Nephew to recruit 300 patients in Spain. Grants to support this substudy were provided by the Department of Medicine at Western University. Dr Devereaux was supported by a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Perioperative Medicine. Dr Amit Garg was supported by the Dr Adam Linton Chair in Kidney Health Analytics and a CIHR Clinician Investigator Award

Características antropométricas e estado de maturação de jogadores adolescentes de pólo aquático de nível superior

Objetivo: Describir las características del perfil antropométrico y el estado madurativo de un grupo de waterpolistas adolescentes de alto rendimiento. Método: fueron evaluados 38 waterpolistas adolescentes de alto rendimiento (21 hombres y 17 mujeres) pertenecientes a la Federación Madrileña de Natación, con edades comprendidas entre los 13 y 17 años. Se valoraron la composición corporal, maduración y el somatotipo a través de mediciones antropométricas. Resultados: Los chicos evaluados se caracterizaron por presentar mayor altura, peso y envergadura y en el caso de las chicas se caracterizaron por tener mayor altura, envergadura y grasa corporal en comparación con otras poblaciones adolescentes waterpolistas. La muestra evaluada ya había experimentado el momento de mayor velocidad de crecimiento en altura desde hace 2.21 ± 0.72 años para los adolescentes y 3.24 ± 0.74 años para las adolescentes. La clasificación del somatotipo obtenido para los hombres fue mesomorfo-ectomorfo (2.5-3.9-3.7) y para las mujeres endomorfo balanceado (4.5-3.1-3.1). Conclusión: Este estudio aporta la caracterización antropométrica de jóvenes waterpolistas de alto rendimiento, lo que podría ayudar en programas de detección de talentosObjective: Describe the characteristics of the anthropometric profile and maturation status of a group of high-performance adolescent water polo players. Method: 38 high - level adolescent water polo players (21 men and 17 women), all members of the Madrilenian Swimming Federation, with ages between 13 and 17 years were evaluated. Body composition, maturation and somatotype were evaluated through anthropometric measurements. Results: The boys evaluated were characterized for having greater height, weight and size and in the case of the girls they were characterized for having greater height, span and body fat compared to other adolescent populations of water polo teens. The sample had already reached its peak height growth rate and maturational state for 2.21 ± 0.72 years for male adolescents and 3.24 ± 0.74 years for female adolescents. The classification of the somatotype obtained for men was mesomorphic-ectomorphic (2.5-3.9-3.7) and for women endomorph balanced (4.5-3.1-3.1). Conclusion: This study provides the anthropometric characterization of young high performance water polo players, which could help in talent detection programsObjetivo: Descrever as características do perfil antropométrico e o estado de maturação de um grupo de adolescentes de polo aquático de alto desempenho. Métodos: foram avaliados 38 adolescentes de alto nível (21 homens e 17 mulheres), todos membros da Federação Madrilenense de Natação, com idades entre 13 e 17 anos. Composição corporal, maturação e somatotipo foram avaliados através de medidas antropométricas. Resultados: Os meninos avaliados foram caracterizados por possuírem maior estatura, peso e tamanho e, no caso das meninas, caracterizaram-se por apresentar maior estatura, amplitude e gordura corporal em comparação a outras populações adolescentes de polo aquático. A amostra já havia atingido seu pico de crescimento em altura e estado maturacional para 2.21 ± 0.72 anos para adolescentes do sexo masculino e 3.24 ± 0.74 anos para adolescentes do sexo feminino. A classificação do somatotipo obtida para os homens foi mesomórfica-ectomórfica (2.5-3.9-3.7) e para as mulheres endomorfas equilibradas (4.5-3.1-3.1). Conclusão: Este estudo fornece a caracterização antropométrica de jovens jogadores de pólo aquático de alto rendimento, o que poderia ajudar nos programas de detecção de talento

Influência do estado emocional no desempenho: Estudo experimental

Objetivo: El presente estudio pretende conocer la influencia que ejerce el estado emocional y la manipulación afectiva en el rendimiento deportivo, de forma experimental. Método: 126 deportistas universitarios (Medad = 22.79; DT = 4.46), 54 mujeres (42.86%) y 7.78 años de experiencia deportiva (DT = 3.20), participaron en este estudio que midió el optimismo (LOT-R) y el estado emocional (POMS-VIC) antes y después de realizar un test experimental mediante dinamómetro manual digital TKK-5401. Resultados: Al considerar los diferentes grupos (género, experiencia, nivel, optimismo y grupo experimental), destaca la no aparición de diferencias significativas (pre-post). Conclusiones: Los resultados demuestran que tanto estado emocional como las manipulaciones afectivas modifican el rendimiento. En concreto, las manipulaciones afectivas, ligeramente negativas, aumentan significativamente el rendimiento obtenido en la tareaObjective: The aim of this study is to experimentally determine the influence of the emotional state and the emotional manipulation in sports performance. Method: 126 college athletes (Mage = 22.79; DT = 4.46), 54 women (42.86%) y 7.78 year of sports experience (DT = 3.20), participated in this study, which measured optimism (LOT-R) and emotional state (POMS-VIC) before and after performing an experimental test using digital manual dynamometer TKK- 5401. Results: Considering the different groups (gender, experience, level, optimism and experimental group), it emphasizes the non-appearance of significant differences (pre-post). Conclusions: Results have shown both the emotional state and the effective manipulations modify the performance slightly negative emotional manipulations significantly increase the yield obtained in the taskObjetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo conhecer a influência exercida pelo estado emocional e manipulação afetiva no desempenho esportivo, de forma experimental. Método: 126 atletas universitários (idade = 22.79, DP = 4.46), 54 mulheres (42.86%) e 7.78 anos de experiência esportiva (DP = 3.20), participaram deste estudo que mediu otimismo (LOT-R) e estado emocional (POMS-VIC) antes e depois de realizar um teste experimental usando um dinamômetro digital manual TKK-5401. Resultados: Ao considerar os diferentes grupos (gênero, experiência, nível, otimismo e grupo experimental), destaca-se o não aparecimento de diferenças significativas (pré-pós). Conclusões: Os resultados mostram que tanto o estado emocional quanto as manipulações afetivas modificam o desempenho. Em particular, as manipulações afetivas, levemente negativas, aumentam significativamente o desempenho obtido na taref

Microplastic pollution in sublittoral coastal sediments of a North Atlantic island: The case of La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)

In this work, the microplastic content of sediments collected in July 2020 between 5 and 7 m depth was studied in four locations of La Palma island (Canary Islands, Spain). At each sampling location, three samples were taken parallel to the shoreline. The microplastic content in each sampling corer was studied every 2.5 cm depth after digestion with a H2O2 solution followed by flotation in a saturated NaCl solution. Visualization of the final filtrates under a stereomicroscope revealed that all the sediment samples evaluated contained mostly microfibers (98.3%) which were mainly white/colorless (86.0%) and blue (9.8%), with an average length of 2423 ± 2235 (SD) mm and an average concentration of 2682 ± 827 items per kg of dry weight, being the total number of items found 1,019. Fourier Transform Infrared microscopy analysis of 13.9% (n = 139) of the microfibers also showed that they were mainly cellulosic (81.3%). No significant differences were found between the depths of the sediment. However, significant differences were found between the number of fibers from the sampling sites at the east and west of the island. Such variability could be driven by the winds and ocean mesoscale dynamics in the area. This study confirms the wide distribution of microfibers in sediments from an oceanic island like La Palma, providing their first report in marine sediments of the Canary Islands.En prensa3,20

Compilation of parameterized seismogenic sources in Iberia for the SHARE European-scale seismic source model.

Abstract: SHARE (Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe) is an EC-funded project (FP7) that aims to evaluate European seismic hazards using an integrated, standardized approach. In the context of SHARE, we are compiling a fully-parameterized active fault database for Iberia and the nearby offshore region. The principal goal of this initiative is for fault sources in the Iberian region to be represented in SHARE and incorporated into the source model that will be used to produce seismic hazard maps at the European scale. The SHARE project relies heavily on input from many regional experts throughout the Euro-Mediterranean region. At the SHARE regional meeting for Iberia, the 2010 Working Group on Iberian Seismogenic Sources (WGISS) was established; these researchers are contributing to this large effort by providing their data to the Iberian regional integrators in a standardized format. The development of the SHARE Iberian active fault database is occurring in parallel with IBERFAULT, another ongoing effort to compile a database of active faults in the Iberian region. The SHARE Iberian active fault database synthesizes a wide range of geological and geophysical observations on active seismogenic sources, and incorporates existing compilations (e.g., Cabral, 1995; Silva et al., 2008), original data contributed directly from researchers, data compiled from the literature, parameters estimated using empirical and analytical relationships, and, where necessary, parameters derived using expert judgment. The Iberian seismogenic source model derived for SHARE will be the first regional-scale source model for Iberia that includes fault data and follows an internationally standardized approach (Basili et al., 2008; 2009). This model can be used in both seismic hazard and risk analyses and will be appropriate for use in Iberian- and European-scale assessments

Structural and doping effects in the half-metallic double perovskite A2A_2CrWO6_6

he structural, transport, magnetic and optical properties of the double perovskite $A_2$CrWO$_6$ with $A=\text{Sr, Ba, Ca}$ have been studied. By varying the alkaline earth ion on the $A$ site, the influence of steric effects on the Curie temperature $T_C$ and the saturation magnetization has been determined. A maximum $T_C=458$ K was found for Sr$_2$CrWO$_6$ having an almost undistorted perovskite structure with a tolerance factor $f\simeq 1$. For Ca$_2$CrWO$_6$ and Ba$_2$CrWO$_6$ structural changes result in a strong reduction of $T_C$. Our study strongly suggests that for the double perovskites in general an optimum $T_C$ is achieved only for $f \simeq 1$, that is, for an undistorted perovskite structure. Electron doping in Sr$_2$CrWO$_6$ by a partial substitution of Sr$^{2+}$ by La$^{3+}$ was found to reduce both $T_C$ and the saturation magnetization $M_s$. The reduction of $M_s$ could be attributed both to band structure effects and the Cr/W antisites induced by doping. Band structure calculations for Sr$_2$CrWO$_6$ predict an energy gap in the spin-up band, but a finite density of states for the spin-down band. The predictions of the band structure calculation are consistent with our optical measurements. Our experimental results support the presence of a kinetic energy driven mechanism in $A_2$CrWO$_6$, where ferromagnetism is stabilized by a hybridization of states of the nonmagnetic W-site positioned in between the high spin Cr-sites.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figure