Estudios sobre la oxidación de AEDT-Co(ll) con el anión [Fe(CN)6]3-: I. Determinación espectrofotométrica de cobalto como AEDT-Co(lll)

Reaction of cobalt (II) ethylenediaminetetraacetate with hexacyanoferrate (III) ion and the study of the intermediates formed giving Co(EDTA)- and Fe(CN)64- as final producís is described and revised. The redox process were carried out directly at pH 5, and also at pH 3,5 in the presence of AEDT-Zn(II) and zinc (II) ions in excess. In both cases, the spectral characteristics study of reactants supply methods for the spectrophotometric determination of cobalt (II) and Beer's law is obeyed in the range 12 to 120 ppm at 536 nm. Determination of cobalt (II) in the presence of manganese (II) is also possible. Discussion in order to explain the results obtained is reported

Systematic Study of Fermion Masses and Mixing Angles in Horizontal SU(2) Gauge Theory

Despite its great success in explaining the basic interactions of nature, the standard model suffers from an inability to explain the observed masses of the fundamental particles and the weak mixing angles between them. We shall survey a set of possible extensions to the standard model, employing an SU(2) ``horizontal'' gauge symmetry between the particle generations, to see what light they can shed on this problem.Comment: 43 pages, 4 figures (available by postal mail on request), OZ-92/0

Sensorial repercussions of the formation of vinylphenolic pyranoanthocyanins

Using selected yeast, of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae specie, with hydroxycinnamate decarboxylase activity (HCDC+) we can transform anthocyanidin-3-O-glucosides from grapes into vinylphenolic pyranoanthocyanins. Saccaromyces cerevisiae don’t posses vinylphenol reductase activity (VPhR), however some yeast strains belonging to this specie are HCDC+. The selection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains HCDC+ with suitable fermentative and metabolic properties to red wine making allow us to stabilize the wine anthocyanins forming resistant pyranoanthocyanins. A relevant repercussion is that removing of hydroxycinnamic acids from musts we can avoid the formation of ethylphenols in red wine contaminated with the spoiling yeast Dekkera/Brettanomyces during barrel ageing. During in-vitro experiments we reduce notably the initial concentrations of 12 mg l-1 of p-coumaric acid, allowing can be below the detection limit in many vinifications

Effects of Relativistic Dynamics in pp→ppπ0pp \to pp \pi^0 near Threshold

The cross-section for threshold $\pi^0$ production in proton-proton collisions is evaluated in the framework of the covariant spectator description. The negative energy intermediate states are included non-perturbatively and seen to yield a considerably smaller contribution, when compared to perturbative treatments. A family of OBE-models with different off-shell scalar coupling is considered.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl

Prevalence of Resistant Strains of Rhipicephalus microplus to Acaricides in Cattle Ranch in the Tropical Region of Tecpan of Galeana, Guerrero, Mexico

Tick and tick borne diseases cause many problems to the cattle industry worldwide. The prevalence of resistant strains of Rhipicephalus microplus to different acaricides on cattle farms in the tropical region of Tecpan of Galeana, Guerrero, Mexico, and risk factors related to prevalence of resistant strains of R. microplus. Sixty one ranches infested were sampled; in each ranch were collected 30-50 fully-engorged female R. microplus ticks, of 10 cattle randomly selected, and evaluated in their progeny resistance to acaricides, using the larval packet test. The prevalence of resistant strains was total pyrethroids and amitraz. In organophosphorus 31.1, 48.3 and 82.2% of strains were resistant to clorpyriphos, coumaphos and diazinon, respectively. Risk factors favored (P<0.05) the development of resistant strains of acaricides. We concluded that the resistance of R. microplus to acaricides used to control a problem, and risk factors (livestock management) have accelerated the development of resistance

Effluents from the copper electrorefining as a secondary source of antimony: Role of mass transfer on the recovery by electrodeposition

The limited availability of antimony has increased the need for exploiting alternative sources to its direct extraction from stibnite deposits. Furthermore, introducing recovery techniques in industries where antimony is released in wastewaters leads to more responsible production routes. In this work, electrodeposition is employed to recover the antimony present in a secondary waste effluent of the copper electrorefining that is highly concentrated in hydrochloric acid. The electrochemical characterization of the system was conducted by voltammetry to identify a range of suitable operating conditions for the potentiostatic and galvanostatic electro-recovery of antimony. In potentiostatic mode, the progress of the secondary electrode reactions of hydrogen and chlorine evolution at potentials more cathodic than −0.38 V vs. Ag/AgCl causes the detachment and redissolution of the deposited antimony. Operating under galvanostatic control, similar effects were observed when the limiting current density is exceeded. Current efficiency and specific energy consumption values above 50 % and below 65 kW·h·kg−1, were achieved below the limiting current density (1.265 mA·cm−2). The operational range where electrodeposition of antimony is accelerated at increasing current densities can be broadened at intensified hydrodynamic conditions and higher concentrations of antimony. The detrimental effect of the hydrogen evolution reaction on the recovery of antimony decreases at high HCl concentrations

The Proteome of Biologically Active Membrane Vesicles from Piscirickettsia salmonis LF-89 Type Strain Identifies Plasmid-Encoded Putative Toxins

Indexación: Scopus.Piscirickettsia salmonis is the predominant bacterial pathogen affecting the Chilean salmonid industry. This bacterium is the etiological agent of piscirickettsiosis, a significant fish disease. Membrane vesicles (MVs) released by P. salmonis deliver several virulence factors to host cells. To improve on existing knowledge for the pathogenicity-associated functions of P. salmonis MVs, we studied the proteome of purified MVs from the P. salmonis LF-89 type strain using multidimensional protein identification technology. Initially, the cytotoxicity of different MV concentration purified from P. salmonis LF-89 was confirmed in an in vivo adult zebrafish infection model. The cumulative mortality of zebrafish injected with MVs showed a dose-dependent pattern. Analyses identified 452 proteins of different subcellular origins; most of them were associated with the cytoplasmic compartment and were mainly related to key functions for pathogen survival. Interestingly, previously unidentified putative virulence-related proteins were identified in P. salmonis MVs, such as outer membrane porin F and hemolysin. Additionally, five amino acid sequences corresponding to the Bordetella pertussis toxin subunit 1 and two amino acid sequences corresponding to the heat-labile enterotoxin alpha chain of Escherichia coli were located in the P. salmonis MV proteome. Curiously, these putative toxins were located in a plasmid region of P. salmonis LF-89. Based on the identified proteins, we propose that the protein composition of P. salmonis LF-89 MVs could reflect total protein characteristics of this P. salmonis type strain. © 2017 Oliver, Hernández, Tandberg, Valenzuela, Lagos, Haro, Sánchez, Ruiz, Sanhueza-Oyarzún, Cortés, Villar, Artigues, Winther-Larsen, Avendaño-Herrera and Yáñez.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00420/ful

Voltammetric and electrodeposition study for the recovery of antimony from effluents generated in the copper electrorefining process

Antimony is a metalloid with limited availability as a primary resource, but it is commonly found as an impurity in effluents generated in the copper metallurgy. Thus, the development of clean and selective processes to recover antimony from these wastewaters would improve the sustainability of the copper production. In this work, an emulated effluent of the copper electrorefining industry that contains antimony and hydrochloric acid was characterized by means of voltammetric and electrodeposition tests using two different cell configurations: a static cell, and a dynamic cell with a rotating disk electrode (RDE). Voltammograms were obtained at varying hydrochloric acid and antimony concentrations, inversion potentials, scan rates and RDE rotation rates. Two main conclusions were drawn: (a) the deposition of antimony is a mass transfer-controlled process; and (b) an increase in hydrochloric acid concentration improves the deposition of antimony. The diffusion coefficient of antimony species was obtained applying the Randles-ˇ Sevˇcík and the Levich equations; both of them providing very similar values (5.29 ± 0.20 ⋅ 10− 6 cm2 s − 1). The effective electrodeposition of antimony from highly concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions was demonstrated. The surface examination of the electrodes revealed that compact and adherent deposits of antimony could be obtained under operating conditions that minimize the hydrogen evolution reaction in both potentiostatic and galvanostatic modes. Intensified convective regimes by using the RDE improve the supply of dissolved antimony towards the electrode surface, thus leading to a notorious increase in current density and, consequently, in the rate of antimony deposition

Photoactivity improvement of TiO2 electrodes by thin hole transport layers of reduced graphene oxide

Nanostructured TiO2 and graphene-based materials constitute components of actual interest in devices related to solar energy conversion and storage. In this work, we show that a thin layer of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ECrGO), covering nanostructured TiO2 photoelectrodes, can significantly improve the photoactivity. In order to understand the working principle, ECrGO/TiO2 photoelectrodes with different ECrGO thicknesses were prepared and studied by a set of photoelectrochemical measurements. Methanol in alkaline conditions was employed as effective hole acceptor probe to elucidate the electronic phenomena in the electrode layers and interfaces. These studies underline the hole accepting properties of ECrGO and reveal the formation of a p-n junction at the interface between ECrGO and TiO2. It is shown for the first time that the resulting space charge region of about 10 nm defines the operational functionality of the ECrGO layer. Films thinner than the space charge region act as hole transport layer (HTL), which efficiently transfers holes to the liquid interface thus leading to enhanced photoactivity. Thicker films however act as hole blocking layer (HBL), resulting in a systematic decrease of the photoactivity. The finding of a thickness dependent threshold value for the operation of ECrGO as HTL and HBL is of general interest for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices with improved performance