DEL TRANSPORTE A LA MOVILIDAD Reflexiones sobre las últimas décadas.

En las últimas décadas hemos sido testigos de una evolución del concepto de transporte al de la movilidad, como parte de la transición hacia un paradigma de la sostenibilidad. Este fenómeno se ha hecho evidente en políticas, instrumentos y prácticas urbanas alrededor del mundo; no obstante, aún hay un largo camino por recorrer en cuanto a una real accesibilidad universal. Este ensayo busca reflexionar sobre cuatro temas: la diferencia entre transporte y movilidad, el contexto en el cual tiene lugar este cambio, el reto que implica pasar de una planificación del transporte a una planificación de la movilidad, y finalmente se ejemplifica esta transición en dos ciudades del Ecuador, Quito y Cuenca

Reflexiones desde la literatura sobre la vivienda social: localización, densidad y espacio público

This text seeks to reflect on fundamental, but not exclusive, aspects that influence the quality of housing programs (mainly public) from the urban point of view: location, density and communal / public space, based on a literature review. It is noted that, despite the vast evidence on the social, environmental and economic advantages of locating collective housing for low socioeconomic strata within cities, aspects such as the value of the land pressurize its expulsion. It is concluded that social interest housing programs should protect the quantity and quality of communal and public areas for interaction, but unfortunately they are reduced for the sake of a greater number of housing units. This type of discussion seeks to motivate decision makers and academics to investigate alternatives for land management that avoid segregation and gentrification, and that guarantees a better quality of life for the inhabitants of these programs.Este texto busca reflexionar sobre aspectos fundamentales, pero no exclusivos, que desde el punto de vista de lo urbano influencian en la calidad de los programas habitacionales, principalmente, los de carácter social: ubicación, densidad y espacio comunal/público, a partir de la revisión de literatura del tema. Se constata que, a pesar de la vasta evidencia sobre las ventajas sociales, ambientales y económicas de localizar la vivienda colectiva para estratos socioeconómicos bajos dentro de las ciudades, aspectos como el valor del suelo presionan su expulsión. Se concluye que los programas habitacionales de interés social deberían precautelar la cantidad y calidad de áreas comunales y públicas para la interacción, pero que lamentablemente se reducen en aras de un mayor número de unidades de vivienda. Este tipo de discusiones buscan motivar a los tomadores de decisiones y académicos a indagar en alternativas para una gestión del suelo que evite la segregación y la gentrificación y que garantice una mejor calidad de vida para los habitantes de estos programas

REFLEXIÓN SOBRE LOS DESAFÍOS METODOLÓGICOS EN EVALUACIONES DE IMPACTOS, SOBRE LA DINÁMICA INMOBILIARIA, PRODUCIDOS POR LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN PROYECTO DE TRANSPORTE COLECTIVO

Este texto reflexiona sobre la importancia de las evaluaciones del impacto sobre la dinámica inmobiliaria, provocado por la implementación de una obra pública, particularmente un sistema de transporte colectivo. Para ello, se comenta de manera general sobre los impactos producidos por proyectos de transporte, haciendo énfasis en las fluctuaciones de los valores inmobiliarios. Así también, se expone el estado de la investigación y reflexión sobre valor y gestión del suelo en el Ecuador, para dejar en evidencia que, a pesar de que la legislación nacional actual motiva la aplicación de herramientas de gestión del suelo, aún existe un importante camino por recorrer en la disponibilidad de información sobre valores inmobiliarios. Para asentar la reflexión, se toma el caso de Cuenca, en donde se construyó un sistema tranviario entre los años 2013-2019, y se relatan las dificultades metodológicas enfrentadas para evaluar el impacto sobre los precios reales de las propiedades. Constatar y poner en evidencia estos retos tiene gran relevancia en el contexto latinoamericano, ya que solo a través de compartir experiencias se podrá conformar un cuerpo metodológico para futuros estudios en la región. Este tipo de reflexiones reivindican la necesidad de incluir, dentro de las agendas públicas de los gobiernos locales, el levantamiento y análisis de los valores de venta y de arriendo, de las propiedades.Palabras clave: Impacto urbano, dinámica inmobiliaria, transporte público, Cuenca, tranvía, valor del suelo. AbstractThis text reflects on the importance of impact assessments on real estate dynamics, caused by the implementation of public works, specifically a collective transport system. For this purpose, the impacts produced by transportation projects are discussed in a general way to emphasize the fluctuations of real estate values. Similarly, the state of research and reflection on land value and management in Ecuador is exposed, to elucidate that, although the current national legislation encourages the application of land management tools, there is still a long way to go in the availability of information on real estate values. To start the discussion, the case of Cuenca, where a tramway system was built between 2013-2019, is taken into consideration. The methodological difficulties faced to assess the impact on real property prices are reported in this research. Verifying and highlighting these challenges have great relevance in the Latin American context since only through sharing experiences a methodological body can be formed to carry out future studies in the region. These types of reflections claim the need to include, within the public agendas of local governments, the lifting and analysis of the sale and lease values of the properties.Keywords: Urban impact, real estate dynamics, public transport, Cuenca, tram, land value

Infestación por larvas de Anisakis (Nematoda: Anisakidae) en el sable negro Aphanopus carbo (Osteichthyes: Trichiuridae) en aguas portuguesas

Aphanopus carbo, black scabbardfish, specimens from 3 Portuguese regions (the mainland, Madeira and the Azores) during four (mainland and Madeira) or two (Azores) seasons of the year were examined for the presence of Anisakis. All the fish examined (n=287) were infected with Anisakis L3 larvae (prevalence = 100%). Significant geographical differences in intensity were found: the Azores showed the lowest mean intensity value (53.7) and Madeira the highest one (253.9). The intensity of infection was positively correlated with the host length in specimens of Sesimbra and Madeira. Significant seasonal differences in intensity were found in the studied regions. The very high values in prevalence and intensity strongly suggest that the consumption of raw or undercooked black scabbard fish is a potential risk for human health.Se examinaron ejemplares de Aphanopus carbo de 3 regiones portuguesas (costa continental, Madeira y Azores) para determinar la presencia de Anisákidos durante cuatro (costa continental y Madeira) o dos (Azores) épocas del año. Todos los ejemplares examinados (n=287) estaban infectados por larvas L3 de Anisakis (prevalencia = 100%). Se encontraron diferencias geográficas significativas en la intensidad: Azores mostró el valor de intensidad media más bajo (53.7) y Madeira el más alto (253.9). La intensidad de infección mostró una correlación positiva con la talla del huésped en los casos de la costa continental y Madeira. Se encontraron diferencias estacionales significativas en la intensidad en las regiones estudiadas. Los altos valores encontrados en la prevalencia e intensidad sugieren que el consumo de sable negro crudo o medio crudo constituye un riesgo potencial para la salud humana

Uso de parásitos como marcadores biológicos en la identificación de stocks de sable negro, Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839 (Osteichthyes: Trichiuridae) en aguas portuguesas

We studied the use of parasites as biological tags for discriminating fish stocks of Aphanopus carbo (Osteichthyes: Trichiuridae) from Portugal (Sesimbra on the mainland, Madeira and the Azores). Sixteen different metazoan parasites were found (14 from Madeira, 9 from Sesimbra and 7 from the Azores). Some parasites occurred only in fish from Madeira. The prevalence and mean intensity of the infection was recorded for each parasite and locality, and their values were statistically compared between the three sampling localities and related to host length classes. The differences between some of these parameters were statistically significant among the three localities or between two of them. It is suggested that 6 parasites (Tentacularia coryphaenae, Sphyriocephalus tergestinus, Campbelliella heteropoeciloacantha, Anisakis spp., Bolbosoma vasculosum and unidentified Acanthocephala larvae) can be used as biological tags to discriminate Portuguese stocks of Aphanopus carbo.Se estudió el uso de parásitos como marcadores biológicos para discriminar los stocks de Aphanopus carbo (Osteichthyes, Trichiuridae) de Portugal (Sesimbra en el continente, Madeira y Azores Islas). Dieciséis parásitos metazoarios fueron encontrados (14 en Madeira, 9 en Sesimbra y 7 en Azores). Algunos parásitos se presentaron sólo en Madeira. La prevalencia y la intensidad media de las infecciones fueron calculadas para cada parásito y cada región, y sus valores fueron comparados estadísticamente entre los tres lugares de muestreo, y relacionados con la talla del huésped. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre algunos de estos parámetros de las tres regiones o entre dos de ellas. Se sugiere que 6 parásitos (Tentacularia coryphaenae, Sphyriocephalus tergestinus, Campbelliella heteropoeciloacantha, Anisakis spp., Bolbosoma vasculosum y larvas no identificadas de Acanthocephala) pueden ser usados como marcadores biológicos para discriminación de stocks de Aphanopus carbo de Portugal

Interdisciplinary discussions on palliative care among university students in Spain: giving voice to the social debate

Background: University students are the future professionals who will influence society. It is thus essential to improve students' understanding of palliative care (PC), especially those in the non-health field, to generate and encourage propitious opinions about PC. This study describes the perceptions of PC among university students from different disciplines. Method: Qualitative exploratory study using virtual focus groups (FGs) and design thinking (DT) approach. An intentional sample of students from various disciplines, universities and cities from Spain were selected. Numerous researchers from different fields were involved in the discussion of the final thematic analysis. Results: Four themes and seven subthemes were found: i) Students have an ambiguous understanding about PC; ii) PC is not a common issue for non-health students; ii) Students see PC as an important and necessary field; iii) Students build counter-narratives against PC myths, demonstrating PC brings key benefits into people's lives; iv) PC is a synonym of death. Conclusion: Despite the fact that students do not know much about PC, the topic easily arouses reflection and positive discussion. Through the conversations they find positive values and arguments against misunderstand- ing. Students from different disciplines could be the target of innovative educational initia- tives and the social debate on PC

First record of Philometra ovata (Nematoda) infection in Gobio lozanoi in Portugal

Gobio lozanoi, from the River Febros northern Portugal, contained female Philometra ovata in the body cavity causing abdominal swelling. A mild chronic inflammation and some tissue necrosis were observed in infected fish. Significant correlations were found between occurrence of infection and host length, and gonado-somatic index; and between intensity of infection and condition factor

Combining interdisciplinarity and creative design - A powerful strategy to increase palliative care awareness within a university community

Society’s understanding of palliative care has room for improvement. Although the World Health Organisation highlighted palliative care as a human right, many people still lack access to this crucial form of treatment. The paucity of understanding and social discussion surrounding palliative care has, moreover, negatively impacted its development and implementation. This study therefore aims to construct a strategy that will empower a specific community to solve their own palliative care-related misunderstandings. Using Participatory Action Research and Design Thinking methodologies and adopting the strategy of Public Engagement in Responsible Research and Innovation, a design group worked for three months through five virtual focus groups. Moving through the phases of empathizing, defining, ideation, prototyping, and testing, the design group generated 33 ideas to address palliative care-related problems. Ideas related to self- learning, the use of technology, and the exchange of personal experiences are highlighted as innovative ways to promote palliative care. The design group adopted a variety of strategies, used disruptive tools, and created and tested rapid prototypes to discover novel solutions. This method of working, centred on interdisciplinarity and creativity, presents an efficient way to involve the members of a community in solving their own problems