Ökologische Ökonomie: Konzepte, Analysen, Politik

Die Ökologische Ökonomie geht von der Annahme aus, dass die Wirtschaft in ihren physischen Dimensionen ein offenes Subsystem eines endlichen, nicht wachsenden und materiell geschlossenen Gesamtsystems ist - des Ökosystems Erde. „Offen ist ein System, wenn es über einen „Verdauungstrakt verfügt, d.h. wenn es Material und Energie von der Umwelt in niedrig-entropischer Form (Rohmaterialien) aufnimmt und sie in hoch-entropischer Form (Emissionen und Abfall) an die Umwelt abgibt. Alles, was durch ein System hindurchfließt, wird als (Stoff-)Durchsatz (throughput) bezeichnet. Analog zu einem Organismus, der seine physische Struktur durch einen Stoffwechsel aufrechterhält, bedarf auch die Wirtschaft eines solchen Durchsatzes, der einerseits der Umwelt Stoffe entzieht und sie andererseits durch Emissionen verschmutzt und belastet. Ökologisch wäre eine Wirtschaft nur dann, wenn deren Durchsatz konstant und auf einem Niveau bleibt, auf dem weder die Regenerationsfähigkeit noch die Absorptionskapazität der Umwelt überschritten wird (steadystate economy}. --

フレデリック・ソディの経済思想

F.Soddyは核反応に依るエネルギー所在の原理的発見で1921年にノーベル化学賞を受章した。しかし第一次大戦と第二次との戦間期にあって、また１９２９－３３年の世界恐慌にあっての政情不安定がもたらす戦争の危機に直面して科学者の自責から経済研究に方向を転換,貨幣と信用経済制度の諸問題について深い先駆的な考究を行っていた。その意義は、資本制の基底的認識に及び現代的に見直す必要があると、著者は主張する。この論文(The economic thought of Frederick Soddy)は,デイリーが１９８０年にDuke Univ.発行の History of Political Economy 12-4 に発表したもので、訳者が著者から直接に検定を受けたその抜刷(pp.469-488)にもとづいて訳出した。この作業にあたっては、著者およびデューク大学の了解の手続きを行っている。Duke Universit

Ecological Tax Reform

Provides an overview detailing the benefits of ecological tax reform. What ecological tax reform would include; Origin of ecological taxes; Implementation in the United States and Europe; Specifics on an ecological tax reform proposal; The need to phase in tax reforms gradually

CHI 2020: Right Here, Right Now?

Over the last twenty years the CHI conference has grown substantially. However, with the reframing of climate change as a climate crisis, environmental concerns have become increasingly pervasive in the community. In 2019 CHI introduced a sustainability role and set a goal to make CHI more sustainable. In 2020 CHI is in Hawaii. This work looks back over the last two decades and estimates what are substantial and growing CO2 emissions from conference travel. First, it posits how, in the short term, potential environmental damage can be minimised. Second, and longer-term, it invites the community to reflect on research dissemination and how the conference experience may need to change.This work was supported by EPSRC grant EP/R004471/

Building a sustainable and desirable economy-in-society-in-nature

This report is a synthesis of ideas about what this new economy-in-society-innature could look like and how we might get there. Most of the ideas presented here are not new. The coauthors of this report have published them in various forms over the last several decades, and many others have expressed similar ideas in venues too numerous to mention. What is new is the timing and the situation. The time has come when we must make a transition. We have no choice. Our present path is clearly unsustainable. As Paul Raskin has said, Contrary to the conventional wisdom, it is business as usual that is the utopian fantasy; forging a new vision is the pragmatic necessity [10]. But we do have a choice about how to make the transition and what the new state of the world will be. We can engage in a global dialogue to envision the future we want, the theme of Rio+20, and then devise an adaptive strategy to get us there, or we can allow the current system to collapse and rebuild from a much worse starting point. We obviously argue for the former strategy. In this report, we discuss the need to focus more directly on the goal of sustainable human well-being rather than merely GDP growth. This includes protecting and restoring nature, achieving social and intergenerational fairness (including poverty alleviation), stabilizing population, and recognizing the significant nonmarket contributions to human well-being from natural and social capital. To do this, we need to develop better measures of progress that go well beyond GDP and begin to measure human well-being and its sustainability more directly