Spatial characteristics of frazil streaks in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya from high-resolution visible satellite imagery

Coastal polynyas around the Antarctic continent are regions of very strong ocean&ndash;atmosphere heat and moisture exchange, important for local and regional weather, sea ice production and water mass formation. Due to extreme atmospheric conditions (very strong offshore winds, low air temperature and humidity) the surface ocean layer in polynyas is highly turbulent, with mixing due to combined Langmuir, wind-induced and buoyancy-driven turbulence. One of the visible signs of complex interactions between the mixed layer dynamics and the forming sea ice are frazil streaks, elongated patches of high ice concentration separated by areas of open water. In spite of their ubiquity, observational and modelling analyses of frazil streaks have been very limited, largely due to the fact that their significance for heat flux and ice production is only just becoming apparent. In this study, the first comprehensive analysis of the spatial variability of surface frazil concentration is performed for the Terra Nova Bay Polynya (TNBP). Frazil streaks are identified in high-resolution (pixel size 10&ndash;15 m) visible satellite imagery, and their properties (surface area, width, spacing and orientation) are linked to the meteorological forcing (wind speed and air temperature). This provides a simple statistical tool for estimating the extent and ice coverage of the region of high ice production under given meteorological conditions. It is also shown that the orientation of narrow streaks tends to agree with the wind direction, suggesting the dominating role of the local wind forcing in their formation. Very wide streaks, in turn, deviate from that pattern, as they are presumably influenced by several additional factors, including local water circulation and the associated convergence zones. An analysis of peak wave lengths and directions determined from the images, compared to analogous open-water wave lengths computed with a spectral wave model, demonstrates a significant slow-down in the observed wave growth in TNBP. This suggests an important role of frazil streaks in modifying wind-wave growth and/or dissipation in polynyas.</p

A book of Mikołaj Sęp Szarzyński : a few a words concerning a discovery made at the library of the Order of Preachers in Kraków

W artykule omówiony został jedyny znany dziś autograf Mikołaja Sępa Szarzyńskiego (ok. 1545–1581), jednego z najważniejszych poetów polskich XVI w. Jest to nota proweniencyjna, którą umieścił na karcie tytułowej książki. Autorka opisuje odnaleziony wolumin, wyliczając kolejne wpisy, noty i marginalia oraz próbuje je zinterpretować, odnosząc tak do faktów jak i do hipotez zawartych w biografii poety.The paper talks about the only known (to this day) autograph of Mikołaj Sęp Szarzyński (ca. 1545–1581), one of the most significant Polish poets of the 16th century. This isan ownership note written on the title page of a book. The author describes the volume, going over successive notes and [marginalia], and tries to interpret them in the light of both the facts from and hypotheses about the poet’s biography

Książka Mikołaja Sępa Szarzyńskiego. Słów kilka o odkryciu dokonanym w Bibliotece OO. Dominikanów w Krakowie

A book of Mikołaj Sęp Szarzyński. A few a words concerning a discovery made at the library of the Order of Preachers in Kraków.The paper talks about the only known (to this day) autograph of Mikołaj Sęp Szarzyński (ca. 1545–1581), one of the most significant Polish poets of the 16th century. This isan ownership note written on the title page of a book. The author describes the volume, going over successive notes and [marginalia], and tries to interpret them in the light of both the facts from and hypotheses about the poet’s biography.The biogram of Mikołaj Sęp Szarzyński is bordered with multiple guesses and suppositions. Among others, based on his travel to German universities (he was immatriculated there in 1565), scholars conjecture, that leaving Poland he might have belonged to, or at least sympathized with the Protestants. At the same time it is known that his family firmly stood by Cathilicism - Wit Sęp, the poet’s brother, was a Dominican, and his father has spent the final years of his life in a monastery. It is not known, whether going to [Lipsk] and [Wittemberga], Mikołaj was a Catholic or a Protestant. The date placed on the title page of the book proves that, most probably, in 1567 he possessed a work whose author valiantly argues with the heretics - it is, printed in Cologne in 1563 by Maternus Cholinus, Panoplia evangelica sive De verbo Dei evangelico libri quinque […], by a Dutch bishop William Damasus Lindanus, a Catholicapologist.We do know a later witness of the poet’s confessor - Antonin of Przemyśl, who, in the introduction to his translation of the book Różaniec [...] (“The Rosary...”)by Louis of Granada(Kraków, Drukarnia Łazarzowa, 1583), depicts Mikołaj as “a great and devout servant of the Virgin Mary”.Mikołaj Sęp’s note has been discovered in an old print, currently preserved in the library of the Order of Preachers in Kraków. The author tries to trace the path of the volume from Sęp’s library to that of the Dominicans, showing the connection between Mikołaj and Antonin, the practice of the books owned by brothers being handed over after their death to the library of their convent - in case of Antonin, it was the convent in Lviv. Next, the author shows the fate of the Lviv collections and its move to Kraków in 1946.The author moves to the interpretation of successive notes. The most important in the one by Mikołaj Sęp Szarzyński: Nicolaus Ssarzynskÿ Semp possessor. Beside it, the title page bears the date 1567, and inscribed into the title the initials NS and a drawing of a soldier. At the bottom, there is a note by Antonin of Przemyśl, underlining the virtues of his deceased friend, and saying that he has received the book from him.On the endpaper Mikołaj Szarzyński (most probably) wrote a latin poem, under the name of HeinrichBebel, a German humanist who died in 1518. Whether Bebel is indeed the author of the poem could not be established - as the text of the poem bears some similarity to the content of the book, the author suggests considering the possibility of Mikołaj Sęp’s authorship.Within the text of the book, Antonin, and probably Sęp Szarzyński, left traces of reading - the poet underlined the fragment about the man’s vocation to being a guardian of peace, and Antonin - about the liturgical “error of Armenians”, using wine without water at their liturgy.The author suggests trying to analyse the book, looking for fragments that could have moved the poet. She also emphasizes the need to intensifyprovenance studies, which will undoubtedly lead to more exciting discoveries

Growth charts and prediction of abnormal growth — what is known, what is not known and what is misunderstood

Objectives: Assessment of fetal growth has an important effect on perinatal morbidity and mortality. To understand what tool to choose best for a given population a basic knowledge of how growth charts are developed and used has to be acquired. For this reason, this literature review was performed. Material and methods: An extensive literature review aimed at identifying articles related to the development of growth assessment in both spectrums of abnormal fetal growth — large and small. The analyzed articles were chosen and presented to show both the historical aspects of growth assessment, current trends and future considerations. Results: Identification of both large and small fetuses and neonates is equally crucial. Definitions and methodology vary worldwide and there is an ongoing discussion on the best tool to choose for a given population. An important part of the debate is how to differentiate between the physiologically small fetus and the truly growth restricted fetus who is at risk of perinatal complication. Similarly, the diagnosis of a large fetus is important in prevention of perinatal complications and surgical deliveries. Many clinical settings still lack growth standards. Conclusions: Birthweight for gestational age charts are biased for weight in preterm birth. Prediction and management of outcome cannot be based solely on fetal size. Small is not the only problem, we have to think large as well. A common misunderstanding in clinical practice is not using uniform charts in defining growth

Bio-Orthopedics: A New Approach to Osteoarthritis and Joint Disorders

Osteoarthritis is a major cause of functional limitation and a raising burden in aging population. Lately more research is directed into finding biological enhancement of healing processes in joint dysfunctions. Biological cell-based therapies for cartilage restoration treatment were created to address the need for the long-term viability of repaired tissues. Additionally, the use of biologic therapies is also considered in common disorders affecting ligaments and cartilage. However, if inevitable arthritic changes commence biological therapies offer options to delay the need for arthroplasty. This chapter provides insights into these regenerative, joint preservation techniques for cartilage treatment, osteoarthritis, and other joint disorders

The development of new methodology for determination of vincristine (VCR) in human serum using LC-MS/MS-based method for medical diagnostics

In this article, we have presented the development and validation of a rapid and sensitive reversed-phase liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of vincristine (VCR) in patient serum samples. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Kinetex(®) (Singapore) column using a mobile phase consisting of 25 mM acetic acid and 0.3% formic acid (A) and methanol (B) in a gradient elution mode at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The VCR and internal standard (vinblastine) were monitored using the multiple reaction monitoring mode under positive electrospray ionization. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.67 ng/mL, and the upper limit of quantification (ULOQ) was 250 ng/mL for VCR. The calculated values of LOD and LOQ for VCR were 0.075 and 0.228 ng/mL, respectively. The calibration curve was linear over the VCR concentration range of 1.0–250 ng/mL in serum. The intra- and inter-day precision and precision were within the generally accepted criteria for the bioanalytical method (<15%). The method was successfully applied to the analysis of serum samples in clinical practice

Effect of toxic metals on oral tissues

Herman Katarzyna, Korczyński Mariusz, Janeczek Maciej, Wełmiński Paweł, Kowalczyk-Zając Małgorzata, Leśków Anna, Całkosiński Ireneusz, Dobrzyński Maciej. Effect of toxic metals on oral tissues. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(1):209-220. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.253366 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4180 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 754 (09.12.2016). 754 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.01.2017. Revised 16.01.2017. Accepted: 20.01.2017. Wpływ metali toksycznych na tkanki jamy ustnej Effect of toxic metals on oral tissues Katarzyna Herman1, Mariusz Korczyński2,3, Maciej Janeczek4, Paweł Wełmiński5, Małgorzata Kowalczyk-Zając1, Anna Leśków6, Ireneusz Całkosiński6, Maciej Dobrzyński1 1 Katedra i Zakład Stomatologii Zachowawczej i Dziecięcej, Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wrocław, Polska 2 Zakład Chirurgii Eksperymentalnej i Badania Biomateriałów, Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu, Bujwida 44, 50-368 Wrocław, Polska 3 Katedra Higieny Środowiska i Dobrostanu Zwierząt, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu, Kożuchowska 1/3, 51-631 Wrocław, Polska 4 Zakład Anatomii Zwierząt, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Polska 5 POLNET Sp. z o.o., Obodrzycka 61, 61-249 Poznań, Polska 6 Samodzielna Pracownia Neurotoksykologii i Diagnostyki Środowiskowej, Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu, Grunwaldzka 2, 50-355 Wrocław, Polska Streszczenie Metale toksyczne, które powszechnie występują w środowisku mogą wywierać negatywny wpływ na zdrowie ludzi. W pracy przedstawiono problem zmian patologicznych, występujących w jamie ustnej w wyniku narażenia na działanie metali toksycznych. Według literatury, metale toksyczne mogą niekorzystnie wpływać na tkanki miękkie, zęby, proces wydzielania śliny oraz doznania smakowe. Istnieje również ryzyko wystąpienia wad rozwojowych twarzoczaszki, w szczególności rozszczepu podniebienia oraz upośledzenia mineralizacji zawiązków zębów. W związku z tym istotne jest aby ograniczać źródła metali toksycznych, zwłaszcza związane z przemysłem. Słowa kluczowe: metale toksyczne, jama ustna, błona śluzowa, zęby, ślina Summary Toxic metals that commonly occur in human environment may exert a negative influence on people’s health. This study presents the problem of pathological changes occurring within the oral cavity as a result of exposure to toxic metals. According to literature, they may adversely affect soft tissues, teeth, the saliva secretion process or taste sensations. There is also risk of developmental defects of the facial skeleton, particularly the cleft palate and impaired tooth buds mineralization. Therefore, it is essential to limit industrial and non-industrial sources of toxic metals. Key words: toxic metals, oral cavity, mucosa, teeth, saliva Adres do korespondencji: dr n. med. Maciej Dobrzyński Katedra i Zakład Stomatologii Zachowawczej i Dziecięcej, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu, ul. Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wrocław, tel./fax: (71) 784-03-62, e-mail: [email protected]

Disease control tools to secure animal and public health in a densely populated world

Animal health is a prerequisite for global health, economic development, food security, food quality, and poverty reduction, while mitigating against climate change and biodiversity loss. We did a qualitative review of 53 infectious diseases in terrestrial animals with data from DISCONTOOLS, a specialist database and prioritisation model focusing on research gaps for improving infectious disease control in animals. Many diseases do not have any appropriate control tools, but the prioritisation model suggests that we should focus international efforts on Nipah virus infection, African swine fever, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, peste des petits ruminants, sheeppox and goatpox, avian influenza, Rift Valley fever, foot and mouth disease, and bovine tuberculosis, for the greatest impact on the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. Easy to use and accurate diagnostics are available for many animal diseases. However, there is an urgent need for the development of stable and durable diagnostics that can differentiate infected animals from vaccinated animals, to exploit rapid technological advances, and to make diagnostics widely available and affordable. Veterinary vaccines are important for dealing with endemic, new, and emerging diseases. However, fundamental research is needed to improve the convenience of use and duration of immunity, and to establish performant marker vaccines. The largest gap in animal pharmaceuticals is the threat of pathogens developing resistance to available drugs, in particular for bacterial and parasitic (protozoal, helminth, and arthropod) pathogens. We propose and discuss five research priorities for animal health that will help to deliver a sustainable and healthy planet: vaccinology, antimicrobial resistance, climate mitigation and adaptation, digital health, and epidemic preparedness

Individualized versus conventional ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization: a multicenter, randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded, phase 3 noninferiority trial

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of follitropin delta, a new human recombinant FSH with individualized dosing based on serum antimüllerian hormone (AMH) and body weight, with conventional follitropin alfa dosing for ovarian stimulation in women undergoing IVF. Design Randomized, multicenter, assessor-blinded, noninferiority trial (ESTHER-1). Setting Reproductive medicine clinics. Patient(s) A total of 1,329 women (aged 18â40Â&nbsp;years). Intervention(s) Follitropin delta (AMH &lt;15 pmol/L: 12Â&nbsp;μg/d; AMH â¥15 pmol/L: 0.10â0.19Â&nbsp;μg/kg/d; maximum 12Â&nbsp;μg/d), or follitropin alfa (150 IU/d for 5Â&nbsp;days, potential subsequent dose adjustments; maximum 450 IU/d). Main Outcomes Measure(s) Ongoing pregnancy and ongoing implantation rates; noninferiority margins â8.0%. Result(s) Ongoing pregnancy (30.7% vs. 31.6%; difference â0.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) â5.9% to 4.1%]), ongoing implantation (35.2% vs. 35.8%; â0.6% [95% CI â6.1% to 4.8%]), and live birth (29.8% vs. 30.7%; â0.9% [95% CI â5.8% to 4.0%]) rates were similar for individualized follitropin delta and conventional follitropin alfa. Individualized follitropin delta resulted in more women with target response (8â14 oocytes) (43.3% vs. 38.4%), fewer poor responses (fewer than four oocytes in patients with AMH &lt;15 pmol/L) (11.8% vs. 17.9%), fewer excessive responses (â¥15 or â¥20 oocytes in patients with AMH â¥15 pmol/L) (27.9% vs. 35.1% and 10.1% vs. 15.6%, respectively), and fewer measures taken to prevent ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (2.3% vs. 4.5%), despite similar oocyte yield (10.0 ± 5.6 vs. 10.4 ± 6.5) and similar blastocyst numbers (3.3 ± 2.8 vs. 3.5 ± 3.2), and less gonadotropin use (90.0 ± 25.3 vs. 103.7 ± 33.6Â&nbsp;μg). Conclusion(s) Optimizing ovarian response in IVF by individualized dosing according to pretreatment patient characteristics results in similar efficacy and improved safety compared with conventional ovarian stimulation. Clinical Trial Registration Number NCT01956110