Bench-scale centrifuge testing to determine the hydraulic conductivity of chayey soils

The purpose of this research is to validate a mathematical model for flow through saturated and unsaturated porous media using a bench-scale centrifuge for an accurate determination of the hydraulic conductivity (function of the saturation degree of a soil) within a limited time at a reasonable price. The aim of this paper is to show preliminary results of this investigation where the validation and calibration of the mathematical model is performed determining the hydraulic conductivity of saturated porous media, such as kaolin clay and glass porous filters, with a bench-scale centrifuge

Cross-Lingual Topic Prediction for Speech Using Translations

Given a large amount of unannotated speech in a low-resource language, can we classify the speech utterances by topic? We consider this question in the setting where a small amount of speech in the low-resource language is paired with text translations in a high-resource language. We develop an effective cross-lingual topic classifier by training on just 20 hours of translated speech, using a recent model for direct speech-to-text translation. While the translations are poor, they are still good enough to correctly classify the topic of 1-minute speech segments over 70% of the time - a 20% improvement over a majority-class baseline. Such a system could be useful for humanitarian applications like crisis response, where incoming speech in a foreign low-resource language must be quickly assessed for further action.Comment: Accepted to ICASSP 202

On the Relation between the Feynman Paradox and the Aharonov–Bohm Effects

The magnetic Aharonov–Bohm (A–B) effect occurs when a point charge interacts with a line of magnetic flux, while its reciprocal, the Aharonov–Casher (A–C) effect, occurs when a magnetic moment interacts with a line of charge. For the two interacting parts of these physical systems, the equations of motion are discussed in this paper. The generally accepted claim is that both parts of these systems do not accelerate, while Boyer has claimed that both parts of these systems do accelerate. Using the Euler–Lagrange equations we predict that in the case of unconstrained motion, only one part of each system accelerates, while momentum remains conserved. This prediction requires a time-dependent electromagnetic momentum. For our analysis of unconstrained motion, the A–B effects are then examples of the Feynman paradox. In the case of constrained motion, the Euler–Lagrange equations give no forces, in agreement with the generally accepted analysis. The quantum mechanical A–B and A–C phase shifts are independent of the treatment of constraint. Nevertheless, experimental testing of the above ideas and further understanding of the A–B effects that are central to both quantum mechanics and electromagnetism could be possible

A wide-angle electron grating bi-prism beam splitter

We demonstrate a wide-angle electron beam splitter capable of producing 1 cm beam separation at the detection plane. The beam splitter utilizes a nanofabricated periodic grating in combination with a bi-prism element. In contrast to devices utilizing only bi-prism elements, the use of the periodic grating causes amplitude, and not wavefront, splitting. Even at maximum separation, beam profiles remain undistorted, providing evidence that coherence is intact. This is a step towards the realization of a large area electron interferometer using such a grating bi-prism combination

cis-Inhibition of Notch by Endogenous Delta Biases the Outcome of Lateral Inhibition

SummaryLateral inhibition mediated by Delta/Notch (Dl/N) signaling is used throughout development to limit the number of initially equivalent cells that adopt a particular fate [1–3]. Although adjacent cells express both Dl ligand and N receptor, signaling between them ultimately occurs in only one direction. Classically, this has been explained entirely by feedback: activated N can downregulate Dl, amplifying even slight asymmetries in the Dl or N activities of adjacent cells [1–5]. Here, however, we present an example of lateral inhibition in which unidirectional signaling depends instead on Dl's ability to inhibit N within the same cell, a phenomenon known as cis-inhibition [6–11]. By genetically manipulating individual R1/R6/R7 photoreceptor precursors in the Drosophila eye, we show that loss of Dl-mediated cis-inhibition reverses the direction of lateral signaling. Based on our finding that Dl in R1/R6s requires endocytosis to trans-activate but not to cis-inhibit N, we reexamine previously published data from other examples of lateral inhibition. We conclude that cis-inhibition generally influences the direction of Dl/N signaling and should therefore be included in standard models of lateral inhibition

Possibilities for Groundwater Flow Sensing with Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

An understanding of groundwater flow near drinking water extraction wells is crucial when it comes to avoiding well clogging and pollution. A promising new approach to groundwater flow monitoring is the deployment of a network of optical fibers with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. In preparation for a field experiment, a laboratory scale aquifer was constructed to investigate the feasibility of FBG sensors for this application. Multiparameter FBG sensors were able to detect changes in temperature, pressure, and fiber shape with sensitivities influenced by the packaging. The first results showed that, in a simulated environment with a flow velocity of 2.9 m/d, FBG strain effects were more pronounced than initially expected. FBG sensors of a pressure-induced strain implemented in a spatial array could form a multiplexed sensor for the groundwater flow direction and magnitude. Within the scope of this research, key technical specifications of FBG interrogators for groundwater flow sensing were also identified

Hubungan Pola Makan dan Riwayat ASI Ekslusif Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita di Kabupaten Gorontalo

Masalah malnutrisi secara umum masih mendapat perhatian besar, terutama di beberapa negara berkembang. Masalah nutrisi ini termasuk stunting, dan defisiensi mikronutrien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pola makan, riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di wilayah Stunting Locus Kabupaten Gorontalo. Penelitian dilakukan di 3 wialyah Lokus Stunting yaitu Puskesmas Limboto Barat, Puskesmas Tabongo dan Puskesmas Tibawa. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai April 2020. Desain penelitian menggunakan desain observasional analitik. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah balita (n = 300). Sampel dipilih secara purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Analisis pengolahan data status gizi menggunakan aplikasi antro plus WHO, dan analisis data menggunakan program SPSS 22 for windows. Analisis data bivariat menggunakan uji kuadrat dengan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara energi, asupan protein dengan kejadian stunting pada anak dengan nilai P = 0,00 <0,005, tidak ada hubungan antara riwayat pemberian ASI Eksklusif dengan kejadian stunting dengan P = 0,965 <0,005. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat bermanfaat bagi masyarakat. Pemerintah diharapkan dapat menindaklanjuti program prioritas pencegahan stunting pada balita.   

Dynamic consolidation measurements in a well field using fiber bragg grating sensors

Currently available groundwater flow prediction tools and methods are limited by insufficient spatial resolution of subsurface data and the unknown local heterogeneity. In this field study, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were installed in an extraction well field to investigate its potential to measure groundwater flow velocity. Reference in-situ pore pressure and temperature measurements were used to identify possible sources of FBG responses. FBG strain sensors were able to detect soil consolidation caused by groundwater extraction from 250 m distance. The results show that FBG responses were influenced by interface friction between soil and FBG packaging. FBG packaging slipped in soil and the effect was more pronounced during higher groundwater flow around a nearby well. These FBG fibers could be applied for indirect flow monitoring that does not require any tracer and provide real-time and long-term data during regular operation of extraction wells