METODE DOUBLE EKSPONENSIAL SMOOTHING DALAM MEMPERKIRAKAN JUMLAH KEBUTUHAN ENERGI LISTRIK DI PT PLN (PERSERO) WILAYAH SUMUT

Electrical energy is one of the most important things in human life. Electrical energy is needed in the industrial sector. In meeting the needs of electrical energy, good planning is needed by predicting the needs of electrical energy. Holt's Double Exponential Smoothing method is a method that can be used to predict electrical energy needs. The results of forecasting the demand for electrical energy at PT PLN (Persero) for the North Sumatra Region for 2022 to 2030 use the Double Double Exponential Smoothing method from Holt (with a value of α = 0.99 and γ = 0.1 which has a MAPE value of 2.0372%. ) namely 13933.19 gwh, 14478.46 gwh, 15023.73 gwh, 15569.00 gwh, 16114.26 gwh, 16659.53 gwh, 17204.80 gwh, 17750.06 gwh, 18295.33 gwh

Belanglose Bilder - Vom Viral zum Internet-Mem

Meme, Satire und Humor sind eng miteinander verbunden und fester Bestandteil der digitalen Alltagskultur. Das Internet-Mem #KiyiyaVuranInsanlik (auf Deutsch sinngemäß „Menschheit, an die Küste gespült”) bildet einen Ausnahmefall, da es sich auf die Fotografien eines toten Kindes bezieht. Anhand der Fotografie des auf der Flucht ertrunkenen zweijährigen Alan Kurdi, welches über die sozialen Medien um die Welt ging, stellt der Artikel Fragen zum Umgang mit den Bildern und Memes in sozialen Medien: Warum teilen und verändern Menschen die Fotografien? Warum nicht? Welche Folgen hat die Verbreitung? Welche bildethischen, -rechtlichen oder -ökonomischen Überlegungen in Bezug auf die Verwendung von digitalen Bildern in Kommunikationsplattformen lassen sich ableiten? Dieser Text nimmt diese Fragen auf und reformuliert sie ausgehend von der Theorie des punctums von Roland Barthes bildtheoretisch. Was passiert mit den Fotografien? Wie verbreiten sich diese im Netz? Wie verändert der soziale Umgang mit den Fotografien im Internet die Bildaussagen

Validating international CanMEDS-based standards defining education and safe practice of nurse anesthetists.

AIM To investigate whether the CanMEDS-based International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists' Standards could adequately define the scope of practice and reliably be used to train and evaluate Swiss nurse anesthetists (NAs). BACKGROUND Although nurse anesthetists represent a majority of the global workforce in anesthesia, policies that define the scope of practice are frequently non-existent. In low- and middle-income countries, the lack of anesthesia providers with adequate training is a major challenge. INTRODUCTION Despite stringent training requirements, the scope of practice of Swiss nurse anesthetists is actually not defined. Therefore, we surveyed and assessed whether nurse anesthetists felt that the professional competencies outlined in this framework were aligned with their clinical practice. METHODS A cross-sectional survey investigated Swiss nurse anesthetists' relevance ratings of 76 competencies of the International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists according to their professional practice. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to determine the internal consistency of the competencies, as well as factor analyses to assess construct validity of these competencies integrated into the CanMEDS roles model. RESULTS Participants rated the Standards overall as very relevant with high reliability. Factor analyses provided evidence of construct validity of these. DISCUSSION The International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists' Standards of Practice provide a highly relevant framework and a valuable set of competencies for the scope of practice of Swiss nurse anesthetists, which enabled translation from global guides to local national standards. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY Adopted by low- and middle-income countries or countries where national standards are non-existent, this survey could introduce national and local policies at minimally acceptable standards of care for nurse anesthetists worldwide. The above standards have the potential to align education, outcomes and assessment of nurse anesthetists with the needs of national healthcare systems

Leadership competencies among male health professionals in a Western Balkan country

Aim: Our objective was to assess the current and the required level of leadership competencies among male health professionals in Albania, a country which is characterized by an intensive process of emigration of the health workforce in the past few decades. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Albania in June-November 2018 including a nationwide representative sample of 132 male health professionals working at different health institutions at both central and local level in Albania (mean age: 41.4±10.1 years; overall response rate: 88%). A structured 52-item questionnaire was administered to all male health professionals aiming at self-assessing the current level and the required (necessary) level of leadership competencies for their actual job positions. Answers for each item of the instrument ranged from 1 (“minimal competency level”) to 5 (“maximal competency level”). An overall summary score (range: 52-260) and a subscale summary score for each domain were calculated for both the current and the required leadership competency levels. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the overall mean scores and the subscale mean scores of the current level and the required level of leadership competencies among male health professionals. Results: Mean value of the overall summary score of the instrument was lower for the current leadership competency level compared with the required leadership competency level (137.6±8.7 vs. 140.7±21.2, respectively; P=0.02). Mean difference between the required and the current level of leadership competencies was higher for male health professionals working in top managerial positions and those working in urban areas of Albania.     Conclusion: This study informs about the current and the required level of leadership competencies among male health professionals in Albania, a transitional country in the Western Balkans. Policymakers and decision-makers in Albania and other countries in the European region should be aware of the existing gap between the required and the current level of leadership competencies among health professionals operating at all levels

Enhancing health system’s governance through demographic and health surveys in transitional European countries: The example of Albania

To inform policymakers well, there is a need to promote different types of health examination surveys as additional sources of valuable information which, otherwise, would not be available through routine/administrative statistics. This is especially important for former communist countries of South Eastern Europe including Albania, where the existing health information system (HIS) is weak. Among many efforts to strengthen the HIS in Albania, there is currently a commitment to undertake a second round of a nationwide Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). This survey will involve a nationwide representative sample of about 17,000 private households, where all women aged 15-59 years and their respective partners will be interviewed and examined. Externally, the upcoming Albanian DHS will contribute to the European Union accession requirements regarding provision of standardized and valid health information. Furthermore, the DHS will considerably enhance the core functions of the Albanian health system in line with the WHO recommendations. Internally, the DHS will promote societal participation and responsibility in transitional Albania. Importantly, the forthcoming survey will promote good governance including transparency, accountability and health system responsiveness. Also, the DHS will allow for collection of internationally valid and standardized baseline socio-demographic and health information for: assessment of future national trends; monitoring and evaluation of health programs and interventions; evidencing health disparities and inequities; and cross-national comparisons between Albania and different countries of the European Region. Ultimately, findings of the DHS will enable rational decision-making and evidence-based policy formulation in Albania including appropriate planning, prioritization and sound resource allocation. However, transfer of the information collected and implementation in public health policies and interventional programs is rather challenging for most of the countries, particularly for transitional post-communist countries of South Eastern Europe including Albania.   &nbsp

“ВОЕННО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОЗРЕНИЕ ТУРЕЦКОЙ ГРАНИЦы” П.РУМ’ЯНЦЕВА ЯК ДЖЕРЕЛО З ІСТОРІЇ ПІВДЕННОЇ УКРАЇНИ

У Російському державному архіві давніх актів (м.Москва), у фонді № 20 – “Військові справи”, зберігається вельми цікава справа [1], введення якої до наукового обігу дозволить значно розширити знання дослідників Південної України XVIII ст. відносно оцінки вищим російським командуванням обороноспроможності прикордонних з Османською імперією місцевостей, характеру його населення, візій щодо оптимального соціального устрою регіону