1,657 research outputs found
A Variational Approach to the Spinless Relativistic Coulomb Problem
By application of a straightforward variational procedure we derive a simple,
analytic upper bound on the ground-state energy eigenvalue of a
semirelativistic Hamiltonian for (one or two) spinless particles which
experience some Coulomb-type interaction.Comment: 7 pages, HEPHY-PUB 606/9
Relativistic Coulomb Problem: Analytic Upper Bounds on Energy Levels
The spinless relativistic Coulomb problem is the bound-state problem for the
spinless Salpeter equation (a standard approximation to the Bethe--Salpeter
formalism as well as the most simple generalization of the nonrelativistic
Schr\"odinger formalism towards incorporation of relativistic effects) with the
Coulomb interaction potential (the static limit of the exchange of some
massless bosons, as present in unbroken gauge theories). The nonlocal nature of
the Hamiltonian encountered here, however, renders extremely difficult to
obtain rigorous analytic statements on the corresponding solutions. In view of
this rather unsatisfactory state of affairs, we derive (sets of) analytic upper
bounds on the involved energy eigenvalues.Comment: 12 pages, LaTe
Influence of Pre-strain on Very-Low-Cycle Stress–Strain Response and Springback Behavior
The influence of pre-strain on the very-low-cycle loading behavior as occurring, for example during roller leveling of sheet metals, is not yet fully understood. A key factor in this context is the stiffness of the material and its changes upon processing. To study the general mechanical property changes during low-cycle loading with small amplitudes for a wide variety of metals, sheet samples of mild steel DC01, pure copper CU-DHP and α-titanium are subjected to low-cycle tension–compression tests. The general influences of pre-strain and the applied strain amplitude are investigated regarding material hardening and changes in the elastic properties. It is shown that all tested materials feature changes in the Bauschinger behavior during cycling. The apparent elastic modulus of the materials decreases with increasing accumulated plastic strain, and the evolution depends on the strain amplitude and the pre-strain. For all three materials, changes in technical springback are present and depend on the loading history. © 2020, The Author(s)
Pathfinder first light: alignment, calibration, and commissioning of the LINC-NIRVANA ground-layer adaptive optics subsystem
We present descriptions of the alignment and calibration tests of the
Pathfinder, which achieved first light during our 2013 commissioning campaign
at the LBT. The full LINC-NIRVANA instrument is a Fizeau interferometric imager
with fringe tracking and 2-layer natural guide star multi-conjugate adaptive
optics (MCAO) systems on each eye of the LBT. The MCAO correction for each side
is achieved using a ground layer wavefront sensor that drives the LBT adaptive
secondary mirror and a mid-high layer wavefront sensor that drives a Xinetics
349 actuator DM conjugated to an altitude of 7.1 km. When the LINC-NIRVANA MCAO
system is commissioned, it will be one of only two such systems on an 8-meter
telescope and the only such system in the northern hemisphere. In order to
mitigate risk, we take a modular approach to commissioning by decoupling and
testing the LINC-NIRVANA subsystems individually. The Pathfinder is the
ground-layer wavefront sensor for the DX eye of the LBT. It uses 12 pyramid
wavefront sensors to optically co-add light from natural guide stars in order
to make four pupil images that sense ground layer turbulence. Pathfinder is now
the first LINC-NIRVANA subsystem to be fully integrated with the telescope and
commissioned on sky. Our 2013 commissioning campaign consisted of 7 runs at the
LBT with the tasks of assembly, integration and communication with the LBT
telescope control system, alignment to the telescope optical axis, off-sky
closed loop AO calibration, and finally closed loop on-sky AO. We present the
programmatics of this campaign, along with the novel designs of our alignment
scheme and our off-sky calibration test, which lead to the Pathfinder's first
on-sky closed loop images
Conformal Anomalies in Noncommutative Gauge Theories
We calculate conformal anomalies in noncommutative gauge theories by using
the path integral method (Fujikawa's method). Along with the axial anomalies
and chiral gauge anomalies, conformal anomalies take the form of the
straightforward Moyal deformation in the corresponding conformal anomalies in
ordinary gauge theories. However, the Moyal star product leads to the
difference in the coefficient of the conformal anomalies between noncommutative
gauge theories and ordinary gauge theories. The (Callan-Symanzik)
functions which are evaluated from the coefficient of the conformal anomalies
coincide with the result of perturbative analysis.Comment: 17 pages, Latex, no figures, minor corrections and references added;
to appear in Phys. Rev.
A sensitivity study of the neutral-neutral reactions C + C3 and C + C5 in cold dense interstellar clouds
Chemical networks used for models of interstellar clouds contain many
reactions, some of them with poorly determined rate coefficients and/or
products. In this work, we report a method for improving the predictions of
molecular abundances using sensitivity methods and ab initio calculations.
Based on the chemical network osu.2003, we used two different sensitivity
methods to determine the most important reactions as a function of time for
models of dense cold clouds. Of these reactions, we concentrated on those
between C and C3 and between C and C5, both for their effect on specific
important species such as CO and for their general effect on large numbers of
species. We then used ab initio and kinetic methods to determine an improved
rate coefficient for the former reaction and a new set of products, plus a
slightly changed rate coefficient for the latter. Putting our new results in a
pseudo-time-dependent model of cold dense clouds, we found that the abundances
of many species are altered at early times, based on large changes in the
abundances of CO and atomic C. We compared the effect of these new rate
coefficients/products on the comparison with observed abundances and found that
they shift the best agreement from 3e4 yr to (1-3)e5 yr
The structure of a polyketide synthase bimodule core
Polyketide synthases (PKSs) are predominantly microbial biosynthetic enzymes. They assemble highly potent bioactive natural products from simple carboxylic acid precursors. The most versatile families of PKSs are organized as assembly lines of functional modules. Each module performs one round of precursor extension and optional modification, followed by directed transfer of the intermediate to the next module. While enzymatic domains and even modules of PKSs are well understood, the higher-order modular architecture of PKS assembly lines remains elusive. Here, we visualize a PKS bimodule core using cryo-electron microscopy and resolve a two-dimensional meshwork of the bimodule core formed by homotypic interactions between modules. The sheet-like organization provides the framework for efficient substrate transfer and for sequestration of trans-acting enzymes required for polyketide production
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