20 research outputs found

    SynthÚses et caractérisations de nanoparticules métalliques stabilisées en phase aqueuse par des polymÚres en présence de cyclodextrines (hydrogénation catalytique de composés issus de la biomasse)

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    Depuis les annĂ©es 1990, les nanotechnologies connaissent un essor important. En catalyse notamment, les nanoparticules mĂ©talliques suscitent un intĂ©rĂȘt croissant en raison de leurs propriĂ©tĂ©s Ă  l interface entre catalyse homogĂšne et hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne. Durant cette mĂȘme pĂ©riode, un intĂ©rĂȘt accru a Ă©tĂ© portĂ© sur l utilisation de procĂ©dĂ©s catalytiques respectueux de l environnement en vue de l obtention de produits Ă  hautes valeurs ajoutĂ©s. Afin de rĂ©pondre Ă  ces considĂ©rations environnementales, des nanoparticules mĂ©talliques (ruthĂ©nium et rhodium) synthĂ©tisĂ©es en phase aqueuse ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es, dans des conditions de tempĂ©rature et de pression relativement douces, pour l hydrogĂ©nation de dĂ©rivĂ©s biosourcĂ©s hydrosolubles (furfural, 5-hydroxymĂ©thylfurfural) ou non (3-(2-furyl)acrolĂ©ine). Parmi les diffĂ©rents stabilisants existants, l utilisation de cyclodextrines associĂ©es Ă  des polymĂšres hydrosolubles a Ă©tĂ© particuliĂšrement Ă©tudiĂ©e. Ces cyclodextrines ont pu ĂȘtre utilisĂ©es dans des mĂ©langes polymĂšre/cyclodextrine, ainsi que dans des polymĂšres de cyclodextrines linĂ©aires ou rĂ©ticulĂ©s pour la stabilisation de nanoparticles. Durant cette thĂšse, les diffĂ©rents rĂŽles de la cyclodextrine dans ces systĂšmes ont ainsi pu ĂȘtre mis en Ă©vidence : molĂ©cules fonctionnelles de polymĂšres, agent de stabilisation, de dispersion ou de nuclĂ©ation des nanoparticules mais Ă©galement agent de transfert de phase lors de catalyse biphasique.Since the beginning of the 90s, nanotechnology has experienced a significant development. In catalysis, in particular, metallic nanoparticles have attracted a growing interest due to their properties at the interface between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. At the same time, chemical reactions regarding the environment were the focus of a growing interest. To answer these environmental considerations, metallic nanoparticles (ruthenium and rhodium) synthesized in aqueous media were used, under mild conditions (temperature and pressure) for the hydrogenation of water-soluble biomass derivatives (furfural or 5-hydroxymethylfurfural) or insoluble (3-(2-furyl)acrolein). Among the different stabilizing agents, the use of cyclodextrins associated with water-soluble polymers was particularly studied. Cyclodextrins could be used in mixtures polymer/cyclodextrin, or in cyclodextrins polymers in two and three dimensions for the nanoparticles synthesis. Throughout this thesis, the various roles of cyclodextrine in these systems will be shown (crosslinking agent of polymers, stabilizing, dispersing or growth controlling agent of the nanoparticles and also phase transfer agent in biphasic catalysis).ARRAS-Bib.electronique (620419901) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Synthesis and characterization of metallic nanoparticles stabilized in aqueous media with polymer in presence of cyclodextrins : catalytic hydrogenation of biomass derived compounds

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    Depuis les annĂ©es 1990, les nanotechnologies connaissent un essor important. En catalyse notamment, les nanoparticules mĂ©talliques suscitent un intĂ©rĂȘt croissant en raison de leurs propriĂ©tĂ©s Ă  l’interface entre catalyse homogĂšne et hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne. Durant cette mĂȘme pĂ©riode, un intĂ©rĂȘt accru a Ă©tĂ© portĂ© sur l’utilisation de procĂ©dĂ©s catalytiques respectueux de l’environnement en vue de l’obtention de produits Ă  hautes valeurs ajoutĂ©s. Afin de rĂ©pondre Ă  ces considĂ©rations environnementales, des nanoparticules mĂ©talliques (ruthĂ©nium et rhodium) synthĂ©tisĂ©es en phase aqueuse ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es, dans des conditions de tempĂ©rature et de pression relativement douces, pour l’hydrogĂ©nation de dĂ©rivĂ©s biosourcĂ©s hydrosolubles (furfural, 5-hydroxymĂ©thylfurfural) ou non (3-(2-furyl)acrolĂ©ine). Parmi les diffĂ©rents stabilisants existants, l’utilisation de cyclodextrines associĂ©es Ă  des polymĂšres hydrosolubles a Ă©tĂ© particuliĂšrement Ă©tudiĂ©e. Ces cyclodextrines ont pu ĂȘtre utilisĂ©es dans des mĂ©langes polymĂšre/cyclodextrine, ainsi que dans des polymĂšres de cyclodextrines linĂ©aires ou rĂ©ticulĂ©s pour la stabilisation de nanoparticles. Durant cette thĂšse, les diffĂ©rents rĂŽles de la cyclodextrine dans ces systĂšmes ont ainsi pu ĂȘtre mis en Ă©vidence : molĂ©cules fonctionnelles de polymĂšres, agent de stabilisation, de dispersion ou de nuclĂ©ation des nanoparticules mais Ă©galement agent de transfert de phase lors de catalyse biphasique.Since the beginning of the 90s, nanotechnology has experienced a significant development. In catalysis, in particular, metallic nanoparticles have attracted a growing interest due to their properties at the interface between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. At the same time, chemical reactions regarding the environment were the focus of a growing interest. To answer these environmental considerations, metallic nanoparticles (ruthenium and rhodium) synthesized in aqueous media were used, under mild conditions (temperature and pressure) for the hydrogenation of water-soluble biomass derivatives (furfural or 5-hydroxymethylfurfural) or insoluble (3-(2-furyl)acrolein). Among the different stabilizing agents, the use of cyclodextrins associated with water-soluble polymers was particularly studied. Cyclodextrins could be used in mixtures polymer/cyclodextrin, or in cyclodextrins polymers in two and three dimensions for the nanoparticles synthesis. Throughout this thesis, the various roles of cyclodextrine in these systems will be shown (crosslinking agent of polymers, stabilizing, dispersing or growth controlling agent of the nanoparticles and also phase transfer agent in biphasic catalysis)

    Electroreduction of aliphatic chlorides at silver cathodes in water

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    The effect of water on the reduction of aliphatic chlorides at silver cathodes was investigated by cyclovoltammetric experiments in acetonitrile, water and their mixture and focused electrolyses in water solutions. The addition of water to acetonitrile gives rise to the formation of new peaks and/or the displacement of pre-existent peaks at dramatically less negative potentials. In a water medium, silver shows a very large electrocatalytic effect towards the reduction of chlorinated aliphatic compounds belonging to the classes of chloromethanes, chloroethanes and chloroethenes, dramatically higher than that observed in aprotic solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF) or acetonitrile (ACN). As an example, for 1,2-dichloroethane, a peak at about -2.5 V and -0.9 V vs. SCE are observed in acetonitrile and water, respectively. It was observed that the reduction at silver cathodes of most of the investigated compounds occurs in water medium at less negative potentials with respect to the water discharge, thus allowing their direct reduction and opening interesting perspectives for the electrochemical detection and abatement of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons in water. The electrochemical reduction of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and 1,2-dichloroethane was also performed by long time electrolyses with high final abatements (>90%). In the case of 1,2-dichloroethane no halogenated by-products were observed while for Cl2HC{single bond}CHCl2, cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene were formed as the main halogenated intermediates and by-products that presented otherwise very low concentrations at the end of the electrolyses

    Cyclodextrins as growth controlling agents for enhancing the catalytic activity of PVP-stabilized Ru(0) nanoparticles.

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    International audienceCyclodextrins act as growth controllers in the synthesis of PVP-stabilized Ru(0) nanoparticles, leading to enhancement of the catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of furfural
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