Influence of phenolic acids on growth and inactivation of Oenococcus oeni and Lactobacillus hilgardii

Aims: To determine the effect of several wine-associated, phenolic acids on the growth and viability of strains of Oenococcus oeni and Lactobacillus hilgardii. Methods and Results: Growth was monitored in ethanol-containing medium supplemented with varying concentrations of hydroxybenzoic acids (p-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, gallic, vanillic and syringic acids) and hydroxycinnamic acids (p-coumaric, caffeic and ferulic acids). Progressive inactivation was monitored in ethanolcontaining phosphate buffer supplemented in a similar manner to the growth experiments. Hydroxycinnamic acids proved to be more inhibitory to the growth of O. oeni than hydroxybenzoic acids. On the other hand, some acids showed a beneficial effect on growth of Lact. hilgardii. p-Coumaric acid showed the strongest inhibitory effect on growth and survival of both bacteria. Conclusions: Most phenolic acids had a negative effect on growth of O. oeni, for Lact. hilgardii this effect was only noted for p-coumaric acid. Generally, O. oeni was more sensitive to phenolic acid inactivation than Lact. hilgardii. Significance and Impact of the Study: Eight wine-derived, phenolic acids were compared for their effects on wine lactic acid bacteria. Results indicate that phenolic acids have the capacity to influence growth and survival parameters. The differences found between phenolic compounds could be related to their different chemical structures

Adhesion and biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus from food processing plants as affected by growth medium, surface type and incubation temperature

This study assessed the effect of different growth media [BHI broth, BHI broth plus glucose (10 g/100 mL) and BHI broth plus NaCl (5 g/100 mL)] and incubation temperatures (28 or 37 ºC) on the adherence, detachment and biofilm formation on polypropylene and stainless steel surfaces (2 x 2 cm coupons) for a prolonged period (24-72 h) by some strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S3, S28 and S54) from food processing plants. The efficacy of the sanitizers sodium hypochlorite (250 mg/mL) and peracetic acid (30 mg/mL) in reducing the number of viable bacterial cells in a preformed biofilm was also evaluated. S. aureus strains adhered in highest numbers in BHI broth, regardless of the type of surface or incubation temperature. Cell detachment from surfaces revealed high persistence over the incubation period. The number of cells needed for biofilm formation was noted in all experimental systems after 3 days. Peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite were not efficient in completely removing the cells of S. aureus adhered onto polypropylene and stainless steel surfaces. From these results, the assayed strains revealed high capacities to adhere and form biofilms on polypropylene and stainless steel surfaces under the different growth conditions, and the cells in biofilm matrixes were resistant to total removal when exposed to the sanitizers sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid.Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes meios de crescimento [caldo BHI, caldo BHI adicionado de glucose (10 g/100 mL) e caldo BHI adicionado de NaCl (5 g/100 mL)] e temperaturas de incubação (28 e 37 ºC) sobre a adesão, separação e formação de biofilme sobre superfícies (2 x 2 cm) de polipropileno e aço inoxidável durante longo tempo de incubação (24-72 h) por parte de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus (S3, S58 e S54) isoladas de plantas de processamento de alimentos. Também foi avaliada a eficácia dos sanitizantes hipoclorito de sódio (250 mg/mL) e ácido peracético (30 mg/mL) na redução do número de células bacterianas viáveis presentes em um biofilme pré-formado. As cepas de S. aureus aderiram em número mais elevado quando incubadas em caldo BHI em ambos os tipos de superfícies e temperaturas de incubação testadas. A separação das células das superfícies revelou alta persistência ao longo do período de incubação. Número de células necessário para a formação do biofilme foi detectado depois de três dias de incubação em todos os sistemas experimentais. O ácido peracético e o hipoclorito de sódio não foram eficientes em remover completamente a células de S. aureus aderidas sobre as superfícies de polipropileno e aço inoxidável. Os resultados obtidos revelaram alta capacidade das cepas ensaiadas em aderir e formar biofilme sobre superfícies de polipropileno e aço inoxidável sobre diferentes condições de crescimento e que as células na matriz do biofilme apresentaram-se resistentes à total remoção quando expostas aos sanitizantes hipoclorito de sódio e ácido peracético