Fear of the Unknown: Familiarity and Economic Decisions

Evidence indicates that people fear change and the unknown. We offer a model of familiarity bias in which individuals focus on adverse scenarios in evaluating defections from the status quo. The model explains the endowment effect, portfolio underdiversification, home and local biases. Equilibrium stock prices reflect an unfamiliarity premium. In an international setting, our model implies that the absolute pricing error of the standard CAPM is positively correlated with the amount of home bias. It also predicts that a modified CAPM holds wherein the market portfolio is replaced with a portfolio of the stock holdings of investors not subject to familiarity bias.

The Challenges of Business Analytics: Successes and Failures

The successful use of business analytics is an important element of a company’s success. Business analytics enables analysts and managers to engage in an IT-driven sense-making process in which they use the data and analysis as a means to understand the phenomena that the data represent . Not all organizations apply business analytics successfully to decision making. When used correctly, the actionable intelligence gained from a business analytics program can be utilized to improve strategic decision making. Conversely, an organization that does not utilize business analytics information appropriately will not experience optimal decision making; failing to realize the full potential of a data analytics program. This paper examines some organizations that implemented data analytics programs; both successfully and unsuccessfully, and discuss the implications for each organization. Based on the lesson learned, we present ways to implement a successful business analytics program

Meta-analysis of preclinical studies of mesenchymal stromal cells to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

BackgroundThis study aims to evaluate the quality of preclinical data, determine the effect sizes, and identify experimental measures that inform efficacy using mesenchymal stromal (or stem) cells (MSC) therapy in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsLiterature searches were performed on MSC preclinical studies to treat RA. MSC treatment effect sizes were determined by the most commonly used outcome measures, including paw thickness, clinical score, and histological score.FindingsA total of 48 studies and 94 treatment arms were included, among which 42 studies and 79 treatment arms reported that MSC improved outcomes. The effect sizes of RA treatments using MSC, when compared to the controls, were: paw thickness was ameliorated by 53.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 26.7% -80.4%), histological score was decreased by 44.9% (95% CI: 33.3% -56.6%), and clinical score was decreased by 29.9% (95% CI: 16.7% -43.0%). Specifically, our results indicated that human umbilical cord derived MSC led to large improvements of the clinical score (-42.1%) and histological score (-51.4%).InterpretationTo the best of our knowledge, this meta-analysis is to quantitatively answer whether MSC represent a robust RA treatment in animal models. It suggests that in preclinical studies, MSC have consistently exhibited therapeutic benefits. The findings demonstrate a need for considering variations in different animal models and treatment protocols in future studies using MSC to treat RA in humans to maximise the therapeutic gains in the era of precision medicine.FundsNIH [1DP2CA195763], Baylx Inc.: BI-206512, NINDS/NIH Training Grant [Award# NS082174]

Resiliencia y sus características en los padres de familia, Chota 2014

La teoría de la resiliencia cobra significado a partir de las diferencias en la reacción ante circunstancias adversas, generadoras de stress. Mientras algunas personas sucumben a dichas circunstancias, evidenciando desequilibrio y trastornos a diversos niveles. Otras se desarrollan exitosamente a pesar de la adversidad. Precisamente las preguntas principales formuladas por los investigadores sociales en los últimos años en esta área se relacionan con el problema de la determinación del enfrentamiento exitoso al stress y a la adversidad. El presente trabajo de investigación tiene por objeto identificar las características de la resiliencia ante situaciones adversas en los padres de familia de la I.E. N° 10385 “Santa Rafaela María” de Chota en el presente año 2014. Este trabajo pretende hacer una descripción de la realidad problemática en el campo de la resiliencia ante situaciones adversas. Es una investigación cuantitativa – descriptiva que busca conocer y describir la realidad mencionada utilizando un instrumento, válido y fiable, que consiste en un test con escala ordinal tipo likert

The effect of aging on cervical parameters in a normative North American population

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objectives: To investigate age-based changes in cervical alignment parameters in an asymptomatic population. Methods: Retrospective review of a prospective study of 118 asymptomatic subjects who underwent biplanar imaging with 3-dimensional capabilities. Demographic and health-related quality of life data was collected prior to imaging. Patients were stratified into 5 age groups: &lt;35 years, 35-44 years, 45-54 years, 55-64 years, and ≥65 years. Radiographic measurements of the cervical spine and spinopelvic parameters were compared between age groups. The normal distribution of parameters was assessed followed by analysis of variance for comparison of variance between age groups. Results: C2-C7 lordosis, C0-C7 lordosis, and T1 slope demonstrated significant increases with age. C0-C7 lordosis was significantly less in subjects &lt;35 years compared with ≥55 years. Significant differences in T1 slope were identified in patients &lt;35 versus ≥65, 35-44 versus ≥65, and 45-54 versus ≥65 years. T1 slope demonstrated a positive correlation with age. Horizontal gaze parameters did not change linearly with age and mean averages of all age groups were within 10° of one another. Cervical kyphosis was present in approximately half of subjects who were &lt;55 compared with approximately 10% of subjects ≥55 years. Differences in pelvic tilt, pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis, and C7-S1 sagittal vertical axis were identified with age. Conclusions: C0-C7 lordosis, C2-C7 lordosis, and T1 slope demonstrate age-based changes while other cervical and horizontal gaze parameters remain relatively constant with age. </jats:sec