Folk-drama of New England

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit

Gastric Neurasthenia and Its Treatment:

n/

A New Approach to Non-CMA/CA Areas

Non-metropolitan areas in Canada are often simply referred as rural Canada, without enough attention paid to their inner differences. The Metropolitan Influence Zones (MIZ) conceptual framework allows us to divide non-metropolitan areas into No Metropolitan Influence Zone (No MIZ), Weak Metropolitan Influence Zone (Weak MIZ), and Moderate Metropolitan Influence Zone (Moderate MIZ), according to the commuting flows to and from metropolitan areas. Analyses on New Brunswick show that the nonmetropolitan population are economically disadvantaged overall compared to metropolitan population. However, there are substantial differences within nonmetropolitan areas. Population in the No Metropolitan Influence Zone do not appear to be the most disadvantaged economically. In so far as the No Metropolitan Zone may be regarded as the most rural, this casts doubt on the conventional wisdom regarding "rural" as the synonym of socio-economic disadvantage. In fact, the urban population in the No Metropolitan Influence Zone is shown to be the most disadvantaged economically. The pattern in Saskatchewan is quite different from New Brunswick. In general, median family income decreases, unemployment rate and incidence of low income families increase as the influence of metropolitan areas decreases. Together with the findings concerning New Brunswick, it is clear that non-metropolitan Canada is anything but homogeneous. More research is needed to bring out this diversity so that social policies can be better tailored to the needs of non-metropolitan Canadian population.Community/Rural/Urban Development,

Book review : Communication and Interpersonal Skills in Social Work, 5th Edition, (Transforming Social Work Practice Series) By Julia Koprowska

It is worth noting on the outset that the 5th edition of Communication and Interpersonal Skills in Social Work was being revised at the end of 2019. The Series Editor’s Preface was written in February 2020. Neither the author, nor the editor writing those words, could have known of what was to come in the form of the Covid-19 pandemic, and the impact on this on how we all communicate

Co-operation between metastatic tumor cells and macrophages in the degradation of basement membrane (type IV) collagen

AbstractThe co-culture of mouse peritoneal macrophages and Lewis lung carcinoma cells induces the relase of a metal-dependent type IV collagen-degrading proteinase which is not produced in detactable amounts by either cell type cultivated alone. Conditioned media of the co-cultures degrade both pepsin-extracted type IV collagen from human placenta and mouse type IV procollagen. Thus macrophages can interact with tumor cells to degrade basement membrane type IV collagen: this might be of importance to allow cancer invasion and metastasis

The relationship between age and sex partner counts during the mpox outbreak in the UK, 2022

BACKGROUND: Understanding the dynamics of an infectious disease outbreak linked to sexual activity requires valid expectations of likely counts of unique sex partners during the infectious period. Typically, age is the key demographic trait linked to expected partner count, with many transmission models removing adults from the sexually active pool abruptly at a pre-specified age threshold. Modelling the rate of decline in partner counts with age would benefit from a better description of empirical evidence. MEETHODS: During the 2022 mpox epidemic in the UK, we asked individuals about their partner counts in the preceding three weeks, which is about the same as usual infectious period for persons with active mpox. We used negative binomial regression (all responses) and Weibull regression (non-zero responses) to analyse the relationship between age and partner counts, adjusted for other demographic data (such as education level and occupation), sub-dividing by three types of respondent: men who have sex with men (MSM), men who have sex with women, and women who have sex with men. RESULTS: Most respondents had zero or one recent partner, all distributions were skewed. There was a relatively linear declining relationship between age and partner counts for heterosexual partnership groups, but a peak in partner counts and concurrency for MSMs in middle age years (age 35–54), especially for MSM who seemed to be in a highly sexually active subgroup. CONCLUSION: Useful data were collected that can be used to describe sex partner counts during the British mpox epidemic and that show distinctive partner count relationships with age, dependent on partnership type

The role of social attention in older adults’ ability to interpret naturalistic social scenes

Funding This work was supported by a Discovery Project grant (DP150100302) from the Australian Research Council awarded to J.D.H. and L.H.P.Peer reviewedPostprin

Do people with symptoms of an infectious illness follow advice to stay at home? Evidence from a series of cross-sectional surveys in the UK

Objectives: To assess the percentage of people with cough, fever, or loss of taste or smell who had been to work, to shops, socialised or provided care to a vulnerable person in the ten days after developing symptoms. To investigate whether these rates differed according to the type of symptom, what the participant thought the cause of their symptoms was, and whether they had taken a COVID-19 test. / Methods: We analysed data from four online surveys conducted 20 September to 3 November 2021, commissioned via a market research company. Participants were aged over 16 years and lived in the UK. / Results: 498 participants reported one or more symptoms and had not had a positive COVID-19 test. Most employed participants had attended work (51.2% to 56.3% depending on the symptom, 95% CIs 42.2% to 65.6%). Rates of other behaviours ranged from 31.4% (caring for a vulnerable person after developing a cough: 95% CI 24.3% to 38.4%) to 61.5% (shopping for groceries or pharmacy after developing a cough: 95% CI 54.1% to 68.9%). There were no differences according to symptom experienced or what the participant felt might be the cause. People who had taken a COVID-19 test engaged in fewer behaviours than people who had not taken a test. / Conclusion: Most people in the UK with symptoms of an infectious disease are not following advice to stay at home, even if they believe they have an infectious illness. Reducing these rates may require a shift in our national attitude to infectious illnesses

Tiered restrictions for COVID-19 in England: knowledge, motivation to adhere and self-reported behaviour

Objectives: To test whether public knowledge and confidence in one’s understanding of the local restrictions, motivation to adhere, and self-reported behaviour differed according to tier level. / Design: Cross-sectional nationally representative online survey of 1728 participants living in England (data collection: 26 to 28 October 2020). / Methods: We conducted logistic regression analyses to investigate whether knowledge of restrictions, confidence in knowledge of restrictions, motivation to adhere to restrictions, and self-reported behaviour were associated with personal characteristics and tier. / Results: Between 81% (tier 2) and 89% (tier 3) of participants correctly identified which tier they lived in. Knowledge of specific restrictions was variable. 73% were confident they understood which tier was in place in their local area, while 71% were confident they understood the guidance in their local area. Confidence was associated with being older and living in a less deprived area. 73% were motivated to adhere to restrictions imposed for their local area. Motivation was associated with being female and older. People living in tiers with greater restrictions were less likely to report going out to meet people from another household; reported rates of going out for exercise and for work did not differ. / Conclusions: While recognition of local tier level was high, knowledge of specific guidance for tiers was variable. There was some indication that nuanced guidance (e.g. behaviour allowed in some settings but not others) was more poorly understood than guidance which was absolute (i.e. behaviour is either allowed or not allowed)