Autour de la notion de chancellerie épiscopale en Bretagne au XIe et dans la première moitié du XIIe siècle

L’étude des actes épiscopaux pose inévitablement la question de l’identité des rédacteurs d’actes et de la configuration des services épiscopaux en charge de leur préparation. Dans le cas de la Bretagne, la comparaison des formulaires permet d’identifier un certain nombre d’actes comme étant soit de bénéficiaire, soit de chancellerie, même si le fonctionnement de ces dernières, malgré une étude minutieuse des actes, reste assez nébuleux. L’étude de certains actes problématiques amène à remettre en cause une répartition trop rigide entre les deux types d’acte au profit d’une approche plus nuancée des rapports entre évêque et bénéficiaire quant à leur rédaction.Studying episcopal acta, we have to determine who did write them and what was the configuration of episcopal services in charge of their redaction. Concerning Brittany, comparisons of formularies teach us that some acta were written by the beneficiary, and others by the chancery, but, in spite of a detailed study of acta, we hardly know how the latters did work. The study of a few problematic acta brings us to reconsider this rigid frame and to developp a less blunt approach of relations between bishops and beneficiaries, concerning their redaction

Refining the Stellar Parameters of τ\tau Ceti: a Pole-on Solar Analog

To accurately characterize the planets a star may be hosting, stellar parameters must first be well-determined. $\tau$ Ceti is a nearby solar analog and often a target for exoplanet searches. Uncertainties in the observed rotational velocities have made constraining $\tau$ Ceti's inclination difficult. For planet candidates from radial velocity (RV) observations, this leads to substantial uncertainties in the planetary masses, as only the minimum mass ($m \sin i$) can be constrained with RV. In this paper, we used new long-baseline optical interferometric data from the CHARA Array with the MIRC-X beam combiner and extreme precision spectroscopic data from the Lowell Discovery Telescope with EXPRES to improve constraints on the stellar parameters of $\tau$ Ceti. Additional archival data were obtained from a Tennessee State University Automatic Photometric Telescope and the Mount Wilson Observatory HK project. These new and archival data sets led to improved stellar parameter determinations, including a limb-darkened angular diameter of $2.019 \pm 0.012$ mas and rotation period of $46 \pm 4$ days. By combining parameters from our data sets, we obtained an estimate for the stellar inclination of $7\pm7^\circ$. This nearly-pole-on orientation has implications for the previously-reported exoplanets. An analysis of the system dynamics suggests that the planetary architecture described by Feng et al. (2017) may not retain long-term stability for low orbital inclinations. Additionally, the inclination of $\tau$ Ceti reveals a misalignment between the inclinations of the stellar rotation axis and the previously-measured debris disk rotation axis ($i_\mathrm{disk} = 35 \pm 10^\circ$).Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables, 1 appendix, accepted for publication to A

Cujus diocesis, ejus diplomatica? The different uses of pragmatic literacy by diocesan power holders in Brittany (990-1215)

Fondée sur une approche comparatiste des neuf diocèses constitutifs du duché de Bretagne, cette étude se donne pour but d’explorer les rapports qu’entretiennent les différents pouvoirs diocésains (évêques, chapitres, archidiacres, doyens) avec l’écrit diplomatique entre le relèvement de l’église bretonne à la fin du Xe siècle et le concile de Latran IV. Une première séquence chronologique voit le développement de l’écrit accompagner aussi bien l’affermissement du pouvoir épiscopal dans le contexte de la réforme pontificale que l’expansion monastique ligérienne en Bretagne ; les solutions envisagées sont toutefois très variées d’un diocèse à l’autre, la plupart ignorant tout à fait l’acte diplomatique pendant tout le XIe siècle, quand d’autres se dotent d’une chancellerie organisée développant une véritable politique documentaire. Les années 1090 voient se dessiner un mouvement de convergence vers des usages plus homogènes de l’écrit, par acculturation progressive de tous les diocèses à un modèle très lié aux idéaux ecclésiaux romains et en partie diffusés par les moines bénéficiaires des actes. Ce n’est toutefois que dans les années 1150 que l’écrit devient un outil de gouvernement habituel dans les diocèses bretons, mouvement qui s’accompagne d’une standardisation de plus en plus marquée des formulaires et de l’affirmation de la dimension juridique voire juridictionnelle des actes, tandis qu’accèdent à l’écrit les autres détenteurs d’autorité diocésaine. L’approche comparatiste met cependant en exergue la grande disparité d’un bout à l’autre de la Bretagne, entre une zone est beaucoup plus familière de l’écrit qu’une zone ouest où il reste plus rare.Based on a comparative approach of the nine constituent dioceses of the Duchy of Brittany, this study aims to explore the relationship between holders of diocesan power (bishops, chapters, archdeacons, deans) and diplomatic writing from the time of the rise of the Breton church at the end of the 10th century until the Fourth Lateran Council. A first chronological phase sees the development of writing arising from both the strengthening of episcopal power in the context of pontifical reform and the monastic expansion from the Loire Valley into Brittany. This development is very variable from one diocese to another; while most of them completely ignore diplomatic acta right up to the very end of the 11th century, others equip themselves with an organized chancery developing a real documentary policy. In the 1090’s we begin to see a movement of convergence towards more homogeneous uses of written language through the gradual assimilation by all dioceses of a model that was closely linked to Roman ecclesiastic ideals which were partly disseminated by the monks who were beneficiaries of the acta. It was only in the 1150’s, however, that written acta become a habitual tool of governance in the Breton dioceses. This evolution is accompanied by a marked increase in the standardization of terms and a strengthening of the legal and judicial dimension of the acta and sees at the same time other holders of diocesan authority beginning to issue their own charters. What this comparative approach does highlight, however, is the great disparity across Brittany, between an eastern area that is much more accustomed to writing communication and a western area where it remains more rare

Développement d'une méthode de prédiction du bruit de choc des ornières

Pas de résuméThis work aims at developing a statistical prediction method for BroadBand Shock-Associated Noise (BBSAN), following recent work from NASA and Boeing. The approach is similar to studies performed for mixing noise models.First, a methodology has been developed to compute the mean turbulent _ow _eld using the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. These equations are solved with elsA, a solver developed by ONERA. Most calculations have been performed on academic configurations. An extensive test campaign has been conducted on these configurations at Ecole Centrale de Lyon (ECL), so that calculations have been thoroughly compared to measurements. Mainly, two operating conditions have been tested. The first one is a jet at Mj = 1:15. This condition is typical of a civil engine in cruise. The second operating condition is a jet at Mj = 1:35, which rather concerns military engines.An acoustic model has been developed. It uses the RANS calculation as an input to compute Power Spectrum Densities (PSDs). The intermediate version of the model does not account for refraction effects: acoustic sources are propagated to the far-field using a free field Green's function. As will be seen, this gives good results on simple configurations.The model has been extended to account for refraction effects. This is achieved by computing a Green's function tailored to the problem. A ray tracing method coupled to an adjoint approach has been used to evaluate the Green's function. The computation of the Green's function has been validated for simple cases. The Green's function calculation has been coupled to the acoustic model. PSDs including refraction effects on dual-streamjets are presented

Teddy Véron. L’intégration des Mauges à l’Anjou au XIe siècle, 2007

Henry Cyprien. Teddy Véron. L’intégration des Mauges à l’Anjou au XIe siècle, 2007. In: Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes. 2008, tome 166, livraison 2. pp. 589-591

Développement d'une méthode de prédiction du bruit de choc des ornières

Pas de résuméThis work aims at developing a statistical prediction method for BroadBand Shock-Associated Noise (BBSAN), following recent work from NASA and Boeing. The approach is similar to studies performed for mixing noise models.First, a methodology has been developed to compute the mean turbulent _ow _eld using the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. These equations are solved with elsA, a solver developed by ONERA. Most calculations have been performed on academic configurations. An extensive test campaign has been conducted on these configurations at Ecole Centrale de Lyon (ECL), so that calculations have been thoroughly compared to measurements. Mainly, two operating conditions have been tested. The first one is a jet at Mj = 1:15. This condition is typical of a civil engine in cruise. The second operating condition is a jet at Mj = 1:35, which rather concerns military engines.An acoustic model has been developed. It uses the RANS calculation as an input to compute Power Spectrum Densities (PSDs). The intermediate version of the model does not account for refraction effects: acoustic sources are propagated to the far-field using a free field Green's function. As will be seen, this gives good results on simple configurations.The model has been extended to account for refraction effects. This is achieved by computing a Green's function tailored to the problem. A ray tracing method coupled to an adjoint approach has been used to evaluate the Green's function. The computation of the Green's function has been validated for simple cases. The Green's function calculation has been coupled to the acoustic model. PSDs including refraction effects on dual-streamjets are presented.LYON-Ecole Centrale (690812301) / SudocSudocFranceF

Développement d'une méthode de prédiction du bruit de choc des ornières

Pas de résuméThis work aims at developing a statistical prediction method for BroadBand Shock-Associated Noise (BBSAN), following recent work from NASA and Boeing. The approach is similar to studies performed for mixing noise models.First, a methodology has been developed to compute the mean turbulent _ow _eld using the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. These equations are solved with elsA, a solver developed by ONERA. Most calculations have been performed on academic configurations. An extensive test campaign has been conducted on these configurations at Ecole Centrale de Lyon (ECL), so that calculations have been thoroughly compared to measurements. Mainly, two operating conditions have been tested. The first one is a jet at Mj = 1:15. This condition is typical of a civil engine in cruise. The second operating condition is a jet at Mj = 1:35, which rather concerns military engines.An acoustic model has been developed. It uses the RANS calculation as an input to compute Power Spectrum Densities (PSDs). The intermediate version of the model does not account for refraction effects: acoustic sources are propagated to the far-field using a free field Green's function. As will be seen, this gives good results on simple configurations.The model has been extended to account for refraction effects. This is achieved by computing a Green's function tailored to the problem. A ray tracing method coupled to an adjoint approach has been used to evaluate the Green's function. The computation of the Green's function has been validated for simple cases. The Green's function calculation has been coupled to the acoustic model. PSDs including refraction effects on dual-streamjets are presented.LYON-Ecole Centrale (690812301) / SudocSudocFranceF

Stochastic prediction of broadband shock-associated noise including propagation effects

International audienceNoise reduction is a major concern for engine manufacturers like Snecma. During the cruise phase, Broadband Shock-Associated Noise (BBSAN) originating from the aft of civil engines has been identified as an important source of noise. Within this framework, Snecma wishes to improve its prediction capabilities of BBSAN. A statistical model which uses a RANS calculation for input is being developed. The model is applicable to both single-stream and dual-stream engines. BBSAN sources are located in the mixing layers between primary and secondary streams and between secondary and flight streams. When the acoustic waves propagate from the sources to the ambient medium, they are refracted by the mean flow gradients. This propagation effect is taken into account using a ray tracing approach. The final paper will present the acoustic results on a dual-stream configuration. It will include thorough comparisons with measurements on the same configuration to assess the validity of the model

La reconstruction administrative, politique et judiciaire

Contrairement aux problématiques des destructions liées au premier conflit mondial, des populations occupées, des reconstructions industrielle, agricole, urbaine, et des dommages de guerre, largement abordées ces vingt dernières années par les historiens, les reconstructions administrative, politique et judiciaire demeurent un vaste champ d’étude en friche. De la diversité des situations de guerre, dont celle de l’Alsace-Moselle est la plus exceptionnelle, provient également une gradation dan..

HUGO. L'outil numérique au service du patrimoine judiciaire

L’appel d’offre « Droit, justice et numérique » publié par le GIP « Mission de recherche Droit et Justice » invitant aussi bien à la réalisation d’outils qu’à une réflexion sur le numérique, le projet « HUGO. Patrimoine des lieux de justice » entendait porter l’un et l’autre avec la mise au point d’un service numérique inédit dans le champ judiciaire par son organisation collaborative et son ouverture au recueil de contributions spontanées. Baptisé HUGO, cet outil librement accessible en ligne est à la fois un instrument de récolement et de valorisation du patrimoine judiciaire (lieux de jugement et lieux d’exécution des peines). Son implémentation progressive contribue à une meilleure connaissance collective et partagée des lieux de justice dans un cadre pluridisciplinaire et dans une perspective participative qui permet de fédérer les recherches menées dans plusieurs disciplines et par différents acteurs compétents sur le sujet (historiens, historiens de l’art, archivistes, professionnels de la justice, etc.). HUGO vise ainsi à présenter un tableau patrimonial inédit du parc judiciaire et pénitentiaire français actif, quel que soit le type d’édifice (ancien ou contemporain). Le projet est également ouvert aux périodes anciennes et à l’international. Le recueil d’informations sur plus de 370 lieux de justice nous a permis d’ouvrir une réflexion sur les sources du recueil de données et sur la notion de « lieu » de justice et sur celle de « patrimoine judiciaire », son étendue et ses liaisons avec la mémoire sociale, la patrimonialisation du passé et la recherche en histoire. Nous livrons ainsi un point sur l’historiographie de l’architecture judiciaire, qui reste la principale voie d’accès à la patrimonialisation des lieux et ce, malgré une reconnaissance encore fragile de la valeur du bâti existant. Des regards croisés sur le patrimoine judiciaire sont également engagés, à partir d’un lieu en cours de fouille archéologique (château de Gaillon), d’un domaine judiciaire (les lieux de prises en charge pour les mineurs) et d’une aire géographique (la Guyane et ses bagnes). La conclusion pose la nécessité d’une approche interdisciplinaire et d’une perception extensive de la notion de « patrimoine judiciaire ». Son développement et sa reconnaissance pourrait en faire une précieuse ressource didactique pour élaborer une histoire publique de la justice