670 research outputs found
The Empirical Mass-Luminosity Relation for Low Mass Stars
This work is devoted to improving empirical mass-luminosity relations and
mass-metallicity-luminosity relation for low mass stars. For these stars,
observational data in the mass-luminosity plane or the
mass-metallicity-luminosity space subject to non-negligible errors in all
coordinates with different dimensions. Thus a reasonable weight assigning
scheme is needed for obtaining more reliable results. Such a scheme is
developed, with which each data point can have its own due contribution.
Previous studies have shown that there exists a plateau feature in the
mass-luminosity relation. Taking into account the constraints from the
observational luminosity function, we find by fitting the observational data
using our weight assigning scheme that the plateau spans from 0.28 to 0.50
solar mass. Three-piecewise continuous improved mass-luminosity relations in K,
J, H and V bands, respectively, are obtained. The visual
mass-metallicity-luminosity relation is also improved based on our K band
mass-luminosity relation and the available observational metallicity data.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space
Scienc
E-health and M-health in Bangladesh: Opportunities and Challenges
There is growing enthusiasm amongst analysts of global health for the possibilities opened up by the rapid spread of mobile phone coverage. This includes substantially increasing access to health-related information and advice and to expert medical consultations. Some argue we are reaching a tipping point in the organisation of health systems in which new technology will drive new organisational arrangements (Christensen, Grossman and Hwang 2009; Bloom and Standing 2008). This is encouraging investment by foundations and bilateral aid agencies in the development of e-health and m-health as a way to improve access to health services in low- and middle-income countries.
As with the introduction and spread of any new technology, there are a number of possible outcomes â or pathways â with different implications for the types of service provided and the distribution of benefits in the short and longer term. A recent STEPS Centre publication (2010) proposes the following characteristics of the way a technological innovation is spread: the direction of development and the way organisations incorporate the new technology into their operations; the distribution of benefits from the technology and the diversity of ways the technology is applied. It argues that the actual pathway of development is strongly influenced by political processes, involving a number of stakeholders with differing interests and understandings. A number of analysts argue that health systems are particularly path-dependent because of the importance that people give to arrangements they believe protect them from serious health problems (Bloom and Standing 2008). Lee and Lansky (2008), for example, suggest that resistance by stakeholders and complex regulatory barriers are substantially diminishing the impact of new technologies on the organisation of the American health system. Because of the path-dependent nature of the health sector, decisions made early in the emergence of a new technology are likely to have a strong and lasting influence (Bloom and Wolcott 2013).
This report presents a snapshot of how information and communication technologies (ICTs) are influencing health system development in Bangladesh.UK Department for International Developmen
Mass-luminosity relation for FGK main sequence stars: metallicity and age contributions
The stellar mass-luminosity relation (MLR) is one of the most famous
empirical "laws", discovered in the beginning of the 20th century. MLR is still
used to estimate stellar masses for nearby stars, particularly for those that
are not binary systems, hence the mass cannot be derived directly from the
observations. It's well known that the MLR has a statistical dispersion which
cannot be explained exclusively due to the observational errors in luminosity
(or mass). It is an intrinsic dispersion caused by the differences in age and
chemical composition from star to star. In this work we discuss the impact of
age and metallicity on the MLR. Using the recent data on mass, luminosity,
metallicity, and age for 26 FGK stars (all members of binary systems, with
observational mass-errors <= 3%), including the Sun, we derive the MLR taking
into account, separately, mass-luminosity, mass-luminosity-metallicity, and
mass-luminosity-metallicity-age. Our results show that the inclusion of age and
metallicity in the MLR, for FGK stars, improves the individual mass estimation
by 5% to 15%.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, accepted in Astrophysics and Space
Scienc
New Jacobi-Like Identities for Z_k Parafermion Characters
We state and prove various new identities involving the Z_K parafermion
characters (or level-K string functions) for the cases K=4, K=8, and K=16.
These identities fall into three classes: identities in the first class are
generalizations of the famous Jacobi theta-function identity (which is the K=2
special case), identities in another class relate the level K>2 characters to
the Dedekind eta-function, and identities in a third class relate the K>2
characters to the Jacobi theta-functions. These identities play a crucial role
in the interpretation of fractional superstring spectra by indicating spacetime
supersymmetry and aiding in the identification of the spacetime spin and
statistics of fractional superstring states.Comment: 72 pages (or 78/2 = 39 pages in reduced format
Plasma transport in the Scrape-off-Layer of magnetically confined plasma and the plasma exhaust
Tunable local polariton modes in semiconductors
We study the local states within the polariton bandgap that arise due to deep
defect centers with strong electron-phonon coupling. Electron transitions
involving deep levels may result in alteration of local elastic constants. In
this case, substantial reversible transformations of the impurity polariton
density of states occur, which include the appearance/disappearance of the
polariton impurity band, its shift and/or the modification of its shape. These
changes can be induced by thermo- and photo-excitation of the localized
electron states or by trapping of injected charge carriers. We develop a simple
model, which is applied to the center in . Further possible
experimental realizations of the effect are discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
HST hot Jupiter transmission spectral survey: detection of water in HAT-P-1b from WFC3 near-IR spatial scan observations
This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ©: 2013 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.We present Hubble Space Telescope near-infrared transmission spectroscopy of the transiting hot-Jupiter HAT-P-1b. We observed one transit with Wide Field Camera 3 using the G141 low-resolution grism to cover the wavelength range 1.087â1.678âÎŒm. These time series observations were taken with the newly available spatial-scan mode that increases the duty cycle by nearly a factor of 2, thus improving the resulting photometric precision of the data. We measure a planet-to-star radius ratio of Rp/R* = 0.117 09 ± 0.000 38 in the white light curve with the centre of transit occurring at 245 6114.345 ± 0.000 133 (JD). We achieve S/N levels per exposure of 1840 (0.061âperâcent) at a resolution of Îλ = 19.2 nm (R ⌠70) in the 1.1173â1.6549âÎŒm spectral region, providing the precision necessary to probe the transmission spectrum of the planet at close to the resolution limit of the instrument. We compute the transmission spectrum using both single target and differential photometry with similar results. The resultant transmission spectrum shows a significant absorption above the 5Ï level matching the 1.4âÎŒm water absorption band. In solar composition models, the water absorption is sensitive to the âŒ1 m bar pressure levels at the terminator. The detected absorption agrees with that predicted by a 1000âK isothermal model, as well as with that predicted by a planetary-averaged temperature model.Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC)Space Telescope Science Institut
Spatial representation of temporal information through spike timing dependent plasticity
We suggest a mechanism based on spike time dependent plasticity (STDP) of
synapses to store, retrieve and predict temporal sequences. The mechanism is
demonstrated in a model system of simplified integrate-and-fire type neurons
densely connected by STDP synapses. All synapses are modified according to the
so-called normal STDP rule observed in various real biological synapses. After
conditioning through repeated input of a limited number of of temporal
sequences the system is able to complete the temporal sequence upon receiving
the input of a fraction of them. This is an example of effective unsupervised
learning in an biologically realistic system. We investigate the dependence of
learning success on entrainment time, system size and presence of noise.
Possible applications include learning of motor sequences, recognition and
prediction of temporal sensory information in the visual as well as the
auditory system and late processing in the olfactory system of insects.Comment: 13 pages, 14 figures, completely revised and augmented versio
Characterization of the Atmosphere of the Hot Jupiter HAT-P-32Ab and the M-dwarf Companion HAT-P-32B
Copyright © 2015 IOP PublishingWe report secondary eclipse photometry of the hot Jupiter HAT-P-32Ab, taken with Hale/Wide-field Infra-Red Camera (WIRC) in H and KS bands and with Spitzer/IRAC at 3.6 and 4.5 Όm. We carried out adaptive optics imaging of the planet host star HAT-P-32A and its companion HAT-P-32B in the near-IR and the visible. We clearly resolve the two stars from each other and find a separation of 2.''923 ± 0.''004 and a position angle 110fdg64 ± 0fdg12. We measure the flux ratios of the binary in g'r'i'z' and H and KS bands, and determine T eff= 3565 ± 82 K for the companion star, corresponding to an M1.5 dwarf. We use PHOENIX stellar atmosphere models to correct the dilution of the secondary eclipse depths of the hot Jupiter due to the presence of the M1.5 companion. We also improve the secondary eclipse photometry by accounting for the non-classical, flux-dependent nonlinearity of the WIRC IR detector in the H band. We measure planet-to-star flux ratios of 0.090% ± 0.033%, 0.178% ± 0.057%, 0.364% ± 0.016%, and 0.438% ± 0.020% in the H, KS , 3.6 and 4.5 Όm bands, respectively. We compare these with planetary atmospheric models, and find they prefer an atmosphere with a temperature inversion and inefficient heat redistribution. However, we also find that the data are equally well described by a blackbody model for the planet with T p = 2042 ± 50 K. Finally, we measure a secondary eclipse timing offset of 0.3 ± 1.3 minutes from the predicted mid-eclipse time, which constrains e = 0.0072 +0.0700}_-0.0064 when combined with radialNASACenter for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds at the Pennsylvania State UniversityPennsylvania State UniversityEberly College of SciencePennsylvania Space Grant ConsortiumNational Science Foundation - Graduate Research Fellowship ProgramNatural Science and Engineering Research Council of CanadaJPL/SpitzerCalifornia Institute of Technology - NASA Sagan FellowshipAlfred P. Sloan FoundationCalifornia Institute of TechnologyInter-University Centre for Astronomy and AstrophysicsNational Science FoundationMt. Cuba Astronomical FoundationSamuel Oschi
DT/T beyond linear theory
The major contribution to the anisotropy of the temperature of the Cosmic
Microwave Background (CMB) radiation is believed to come from the interaction
of linear density perturbations with the radiation previous to the decoupling
time. Assuming a standard thermal history for the gas after recombination, only
the gravitational field produced by the linear density perturbations present on
a universe can generate anisotropies at low z (these
anisotropies would manifest on large angular scales). However, secondary
anisotropies are inevitably produced during the nonlinear evolution of matter
at late times even in a universe with a standard thermal history. Two effects
associated to this nonlinear phase can give rise to new anisotropies: the
time-varying gravitational potential of nonlinear structures (Rees-Sciama RS
effect) and the inverse Compton scattering of the microwave photons with hot
electrons in clusters of galaxies (Sunyaev-Zeldovich SZ effect). These two
effects can produce distinct imprints on the CMB temperature anisotropy. We
discuss the amplitude of the anisotropies expected and the relevant angular
scales in different cosmological scenarios. Future sensitive experiments will
be able to probe the CMB anisotropies beyong the first order primary
contribution.Comment: plain tex, 16 pages, 3 figures. Proceedings of the Laredo Advance
School on Astrophysics "The universe at high-z, large-scale structure and the
cosmic microwave background". To be publised by Springer-Verla
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