Performances d'algorithmes de focalisation en traitement SAR spatial très haute résolution

- Les futures applications de l'imagerie radar spatiale nécessitent des résolutions métriques voire sub-métriques que l'on qualifie dans cet article de Très Haute Résolution (THR). La THR implique un pré-traitement SAR spatial et un instrument différents de ceux développés à ce jour et certaines hypothèses simplificatrices, découlant souvent du domaine aéroporté, sont remises en question. Cet article a pour but de décrire un ensemble de traitements spécifiques à une chaîne de traitement SAR spatial très haute résolution et d'illustrer les performances et robustesse d'une telle chaîne

Altered Mitochondrial Opa1-Related Fusion in Mouse Promotes Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis

Flow (shear stress)-mediated dilation (FMD) of resistance arteries is a rapid endothelial response involved in tissue perfusion. FMD is reduced early in cardiovascular diseases, generating a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. As alteration of mitochondrial fusion reduces endothelial cells' (ECs) sprouting and angiogenesis, we investigated its role in ECs responses to flow. Opa1 silencing reduced ECs (HUVECs) migration and flow-mediated elongation. In isolated perfused resistance arteries, FMD was reduced in Opa1+/− mice, a model of the human disease due to Opa1 haplo-insufficiency, and in mice with an EC specific Opa1 knock-out (EC-Opa1). Reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress restored FMD in EC-Opa1 mice. In isolated perfused kidneys from EC-Opa1 mice, flow induced a greater pressure, less ATP, and more H2O2 production, compared to control mice. Opa1 expression and mitochondrial length were reduced in ECs submitted in vitro to disturbed flow and in vivo in the atheroprone zone of the mouse aortic cross. Aortic lipid deposition was greater in Ldlr−/--Opa1+/- and in Ldlr−/--EC-Opa1 mice than in control mice fed with a high-fat diet. In conclusion, we found that reduction in mitochondrial fusion in mouse ECs altered the dilator response to shear stress due to excessive superoxide production and induced greater atherosclerosis development

A Population Genetic Approach to Mapping Neurological Disorder Genes Using Deep Resequencing

Deep resequencing of functional regions in human genomes is key to identifying potentially causal rare variants for complex disorders. Here, we present the results from a large-sample resequencing (n = 285 patients) study of candidate genes coupled with population genetics and statistical methods to identify rare variants associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia. Three genes, MAP1A, GRIN2B, and CACNA1F, were consistently identified by different methods as having significant excess of rare missense mutations in either one or both disease cohorts. In a broader context, we also found that the overall site frequency spectrum of variation in these cases is best explained by population models of both selection and complex demography rather than neutral models or models accounting for complex demography alone. Mutations in the three disease-associated genes explained much of the difference in the overall site frequency spectrum among the cases versus controls. This study demonstrates that genes associated with complex disorders can be mapped using resequencing and analytical methods with sample sizes far smaller than those required by genome-wide association studies. Additionally, our findings support the hypothesis that rare mutations account for a proportion of the phenotypic variance of these complex disorders

Genome-wide association analysis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma identifies pleiotropic risk loci

B-cell malignancies (BCM) originate from the same cell of origin, but at different maturation stages and have distinct clinical phenotypes. Although genetic risk variants for individual BCMs have been identified, an agnostic, genome-wide search for shared genetic susceptibility has not been performed. We explored genome-wide association studies of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL, N = 1,842), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL, N = 1,465) and multiple myeloma (MM, N = 3,790). We identified a novel pleiotropic risk locus at 3q22.2 (NCK1, rs11715604, P = 1.60 × 10−9) with opposing effects between CLL (P = 1.97 × 10−8) and HL (P = 3.31 × 10−3). Eight established non-HLA risk loci showed pleiotropic associations. Within the HLA region, Ser37 + Phe37 in HLA-DRB1 (P = 1.84 × 10−12) was associated with increased CLL and HL risk (P = 4.68 × 10−12), and reduced MM risk (P = 1.12 × 10−2), and Gly70 in HLA-DQB1 (P = 3.15 × 10−10) showed opposing effects between CLL (P = 3.52 × 10−3) and HL (P = 3.41 × 10−9). By integrating eQTL, Hi-C and ChIP-seq data, we show that the pleiotropic risk loci are enriched for B-cell regulatory elements, as well as an over-representation of binding of key B-cell transcription factors. These data identify shared biological pathways influencing the development of CLL, HL and MM. The identification of these risk loci furthers our understanding of the aetiological basis of BCMs

Traitement SAR spatial haute résolution

Les traitements SAR haute résolution sont très souvent développés et exprimés dans une configuration de prise de vue simplifiée, reprenant un certain nombre d'hypothèses simplificatrices découlant de l'acceptation du modèle aéroporté comme point de départ. Cet article a pour but de dresser l'ensemble des spécificités liées à l'observation dans un contexte spatial et de référencer les paramètres qui caractérisent de manière plus exacte un tel type de prise de vue. Alors nous serons à même de mesurer l'incidence de ces derniers à la fois sur le signal à traiter et sur le traitement à opérer

Hyponatremia: Pathophysiology, treatment and prognostic value. Summary of the discussion

SCOPUS: cp.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Enhanced syndromic surveillance during the 9 th Indian Ocean Island Games, 2015

ObjectiveTo describe how syndromic surveillance was enhanced to detecthealth events during the 9thIndian Ocean Island Games (IOIG) inReunion Island.IntroductionThe 9thIOIG took place in Reunion Island from July 31 to August9, 2015. This sport event gathered approximatively 1 640 athletes,2 000 volunteers and several thousand spectators from seven islands:Comoros, Madagascar, Maldives, Mauritius, Mayotte, Seychelles andReunion.In response to the import risk of infectious diseases from thesecountries where some of them are endemics, the syndromicsurveillance system, which captures 100% of all EmergencyDepartment visits, was enhanced in order to detect any health event.MethodsIn Reunion Island, syndromic surveillance system is based onOSCOUR® network (Organisation de la surveillance coordonnéedes urgences) that collects data from all emergency departments ofthe island. Data are daily transmitted to the French national publichealth agency then are available to the regional office. At the regionallevel, data are integrated into an application that allows the built ofpredefined syndromic groups according to the health risks related tomass gatherings (Table 1, parts 1 to 3) and complemented by specificsyndromic groups (table 1, part 4). Daily analyses with temporal[1] and spatial-temporal [2] algorithms were performed during thesurveillance period of July 27 to August 13, 2015. In addition to thismonitoring, ED physicians were requested to proactively tag Y33(ICD-10) as secondary diagnosis, each ED visits related to IOIG. Linelists were reviewed daily. Each day, an epidemiological report wassend to public health authorities.ResultsFrom July 31 to August 9, 2015, the activity of EDs was inaccordance with that expected. No health events were detected bythe syndromic surveillance system except for the syndrome “alcoholintoxication” for which consecutive signals were observed fromAugust 6 to 9, 2015. This increase occurs commonly at the beginningof each month (due to the social benefits payday) [3] nevertheless thisevent has probably been increased by IOIG (finals for team sportsand games closing ceremony). In total, 8 ED visits were tagged Y33as secondary diagnosis. In over half the cases, visits were related totrauma.ConclusionsThe syndromic surveillance system proved to be useful for thesurveillance of mass gathering events due to its capacity to detecthealth events but also to provide reassurance public health authorities[4]. As described in literature [5], few ED visits were tagged in relationto IOIG. Indeed, the tag of ED visits was implemented two weeksbefore the games, and given the shifts of ED physicians, some of themmay have not been informed. In the future, preparation meetings withphysicians will have to be planned several months before in order toimprove the response rate for mass gathering events

Enhanced syndromic surveillance during the 9 th Indian Ocean Island Games, 2015

ObjectiveTo describe how syndromic surveillance was enhanced to detecthealth events during the 9thIndian Ocean Island Games (IOIG) inReunion Island.IntroductionThe 9thIOIG took place in Reunion Island from July 31 to August9, 2015. This sport event gathered approximatively 1 640 athletes,2 000 volunteers and several thousand spectators from seven islands:Comoros, Madagascar, Maldives, Mauritius, Mayotte, Seychelles andReunion.In response to the import risk of infectious diseases from thesecountries where some of them are endemics, the syndromicsurveillance system, which captures 100% of all EmergencyDepartment visits, was enhanced in order to detect any health event.MethodsIn Reunion Island, syndromic surveillance system is based onOSCOUR® network (Organisation de la surveillance coordonnéedes urgences) that collects data from all emergency departments ofthe island. Data are daily transmitted to the French national publichealth agency then are available to the regional office. At the regionallevel, data are integrated into an application that allows the built ofpredefined syndromic groups according to the health risks related tomass gatherings (Table 1, parts 1 to 3) and complemented by specificsyndromic groups (table 1, part 4). Daily analyses with temporal[1] and spatial-temporal [2] algorithms were performed during thesurveillance period of July 27 to August 13, 2015. In addition to thismonitoring, ED physicians were requested to proactively tag Y33(ICD-10) as secondary diagnosis, each ED visits related to IOIG. Linelists were reviewed daily. Each day, an epidemiological report wassend to public health authorities.ResultsFrom July 31 to August 9, 2015, the activity of EDs was inaccordance with that expected. No health events were detected bythe syndromic surveillance system except for the syndrome “alcoholintoxication” for which consecutive signals were observed fromAugust 6 to 9, 2015. This increase occurs commonly at the beginningof each month (due to the social benefits payday) [3] nevertheless thisevent has probably been increased by IOIG (finals for team sportsand games closing ceremony). In total, 8 ED visits were tagged Y33as secondary diagnosis. In over half the cases, visits were related totrauma.ConclusionsThe syndromic surveillance system proved to be useful for thesurveillance of mass gathering events due to its capacity to detecthealth events but also to provide reassurance public health authorities[4]. As described in literature [5], few ED visits were tagged in relationto IOIG. Indeed, the tag of ED visits was implemented two weeksbefore the games, and given the shifts of ED physicians, some of themmay have not been informed. In the future, preparation meetings withphysicians will have to be planned several months before in order toimprove the response rate for mass gathering events

Altered acetylcholine, bradykinin and cutaneous pressure-induced vasodilation in mice lacking the TREK1 potassium channel: the endothelial link

The TWIK related K(+) channel TREK1 is an important member of the class of two-pore-domain K(+) channels. It is a background K(+) channel and is regulated by hormones, neurotransmitters, intracellular pH and mechanical stretch. This work shows that TREK1 is present both in mesenteric resistance arteries and in skin microvessels. It is particularly well expressed in endothelial cells. Deletion of TREK1 in mice leads to an important alteration in vasodilation of mesenteric arteries induced by acetylcholine and bradykinin. Iontophoretic delivery of acetylcholine and bradykinin in the skin of TREK1(+/+) and TREK1(−/−) mice also shows the important role of TREK1 in cutaneous endothelium-dependent vasodilation. The vasodilator response to local pressure application is also markedly decreased in TREK1(−/−) mice, mimicking the decreased response to pressure observed in diabetes. Deletion of TREK1 is associated with a marked alteration in the efficacy of the G-protein-coupled receptor-associated cascade producing NO that leads to major endothelial dysfunction