Using Of Fish Silase Different Composition Toward The Growth Of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Silage is prepared by adding the probiotic into the material of bones and flesh of waste from the market.  Silage is used as element substituted with fish meal as feed for tilapia with initial weight of 19.14 to 24.86 grams and a length of 3-5 cm.  There are three types of feed using silage replacing fish meal as much as 10% (treatment A), 20% (treatment B) and 30% (treatment C) and a control used commercial feed (treatment D).  The results obtained are feed in treatment D gives very significant results to the three other feed (A, B and C) in the case of weight, rate of growth and feed efficiency; but in a further test of Duncan, statistical results showed that feed C and D more efficient than feed A.Keywords: low cost artificial feed, silage, growth, tilapia ABSTRAKSilase dipersiapkan melalui penambahan probiotik ke dalam bahan tulang dan daging dari bahan-bahan yang tidak terpakai yang diambil dari pasar.  Silase ini digunakan sebagai elemen yang disubsitusikan dengan tepung ikan untuk diberikan sebagai pakan pada ikan nila dengan berat awal 19,14-24,86 gr dan panjang 3-5 cm.  Ada tiga jenis pakan dengan menggunakan silase menggantikan tepung ikan sebanyak 10 (perlakuan A), 20 (perlakuan B) dan 30% (perlakuan C) dan sebagai kontrol digunakan pakan komersial (perlakuan D). Hasil yang diperoleh adalah pakan uji pada perlakuan D sangat memberikan hasil berbeda yang sangat nyata dengan ketiga pakan lainnya (A, B dan C) dalam hal pertumbuhan berat, laju pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan; namun pada uji lanjut Duncan, hasil statistik menunjukkan bahwa pakan C dan pakan D lebih efisien dibandingkan pakan A.Kata kunci: akuakultur, pakan buatan murah, silase, pertumbuhan, ikan nil

Phase diagram of localization in a magnetic field

The phase diagram of localization is numerically calculated for a three-dimensional disordered system in the presence of a magnetic field using the Peierls substitution. The mobility edge trajectory shifts in the energy-disorder space when increasing the field. In the band center, localized states near the phase boundary become delocalized. The obtained field dependence of the critical disorder is in agreement with a power law behavior expected from scaling theory. Close to the tail of the band the magnetic field causes localization of extended states.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX, 3 PS-figures (4 extra references are included, minor additions), to appear in Phys. Rev. B as a Brief Repor

Charge Localization in Disordered Colossal-Magnetoresistance Manganites

The metallic or insulating nature of the paramagnetic phase of the colossal-magnetoresistance manganites is investigated via a double exchange Hamiltonian with diagonal disorder. Mobility edge trajectory is determined with the transfer matrix method. Density of states calculations indicate that random hopping alone is not sufficient to induce Anderson localization at the Fermi level with 20-30% doping. We argue that the metal-insulator transtion is likely due to the formation of localized polarons from nonuniform extended states as the effective band width is reduced by random hoppings and electron-electron interactions.Comment: 4 pages, RevTex. 4 Figures include

Anomalous diffusion at the Anderson transitions

Diffusion of electrons in three dimensional disordered systems is investigated numerically for all the three universality classes, namely, orthogonal, unitary and symplectic ensembles. The second moment of the wave packet $$ at the Anderson transition is shown to behave as $\sim t^a (a\approx 2/3)$. From the temporal autocorrelation function $C(t)$, the fractal dimension $D_2$ is deduced, which is almost half the value of space dimension for all the universality classes.Comment: Revtex, 2 figures, to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.(1997) Fe

Integer Quantum Hall Effect in Double-Layer Systems

We consider the localization of independent electron orbitals in double-layer two-dimensional electron systems in the strong magnetic field limit. Our study is based on numerical Thouless number calculations for realistic microscopic models and on transfer matrix calculations for phenomenological network models. The microscopic calculations indicate a crossover regime for weak interlayer tunneling in which the correlation length exponent appears to increase. Comparison of network model calculations with microscopic calculations casts doubt on their generic applicability.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures included, RevTeX 3.0 and epsf. Additional reference

High intake of sugars and starch, low number of meals and low roughage intake are associated with equine gastric ulcer syndrome in a Belgian cohort

Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is a pathological condition affecting the glandular and squamous regions of the stomach. It is characterized by non-specific clinical signs, behavioural changes or can also be found without any overt clinical manifestations. Nutritional factors such as intermittent feeding, high sugars and starch intake, large amounts of straw as forage and prolonged time without access to forage have all been associated with an increased risk of equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD). The aim of this study was to investigate which nutritional practices are commonly seen in clinical ESGD cases in Belgium. Medical records of 27 horses referred to the equine nutritional service at Ghent University (2013-2018) due to equine gastric ulcer lesions were reviewed. Twenty-one healthy horses referred for dietary evaluation during the same period were selected as control cases (CC). Dietary evaluation was performed on an individual basis. Forage/concentrate ratio on dry matter basis, forage content in the diet, total dietary sugars and starch intake per day and per meal were analysed. Retrospective descriptive and statistical analyses were performed. Significantly, higher amounts of forage intake (%DM per BW) in the CC vs. ESGD group were noted (p <= .05) with average values of 1.39 (SD +/- 0.27) and 1.27 (SD +/- 0.70) respectively. There were no significant differences for sugars and starch intake in g/kg BW/day (p = .18). However, the sugars and starch intake per meal (g/kg BW/meal) in the CC group (average value 1.06, SD +/- 0.56) was significantly (p < .001) lower than in the EGUS group (average value 1.85 SD +/- 0.78). Forage intake below the recommended absolute minimum value as well as high sugars and starch intake were most commonly associated with EGUS in the present case series. An adequate diet formulation taking into account these main nutritional factors is therefore essential to avoid gastric problems in horses

Effects of deletion of the Streptococcus pneumoniae lipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase gene lgt on ABC transporter function and on growth in vivo

Lipoproteins are an important class of surface associated proteins that have diverse roles and frequently are involved in the virulence of bacterial pathogens. As prolipoproteins are attached to the cell membrane by a single enzyme, prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase (Lgt), deletion of the corresponding gene potentially allows the characterisation of the overall importance of lipoproteins for specific bacterial functions. We have used a Δlgt mutant strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae to investigate the effects of loss of lipoprotein attachment on cation acquisition, growth in media containing specific carbon sources, and virulence in different infection models. Immunoblots of triton X-114 extracts, flow cytometry and immuno-fluorescence microscopy confirmed the Δlgt mutant had markedly reduced lipoprotein expression on the cell surface. The Δlgt mutant had reduced growth in cation depleted medium, increased sensitivity to oxidative stress, reduced zinc uptake, and reduced intracellular levels of several cations. Doubling time of the Δlgt mutant was also increased slightly when grown in medium with glucose, raffinose and maltotriose as sole carbon sources. These multiple defects in cation and sugar ABC transporter function for the Δlgt mutant were associated with only slightly delayed growth in complete medium. However the Δlgt mutant had significantly reduced growth in blood or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and a marked impairment in virulence in mouse models of nasopharyngeal colonisation, sepsis and pneumonia. These data suggest that for S. pneumoniae loss of surface localisation of lipoproteins has widespread effects on ABC transporter functions that collectively prevent the Δlgt mutant from establishing invasive infection

Electrical properties of isotopically enriched neutron-transmutation-doped ^{70} Ge:Ga near the metal-insulator transition

We report the low temperature carrier transport properties of a series of nominally uncompensated neutron-transmutation doped (NTD) ^{70} Ge:Ga samples very close to the critical concentration N_c for the metal-insulator transition. The concentration of the sample closest to N_c is 1.0004N_c and it is unambiguously shown that the critical conductivity exponent is 0.5. Properties of insulating samples are discussed in the context of Efros and Shklovskii's variable range hopping conduction.Comment: 8 pages using REVTeX, 8 figures, published versio

Shift-Volatility Transmission in East Asian Equity Markets

This paper attempts to provide evidence of "shift-volatility" transmission in the East Asian equity markets. By shift-volatility, we mean the volatility shifts from a low level to a high level, corresponding respectively to tranquil and crisis periods. We examine the interdependence of equity volatilities between Hong-Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and the United States. Our main issue is whether shift-volatility needs to be considered as a regional phenomenon, or from a more global perspective. We find that the timing/spans of high volatility regimes correspond adequately to years historically documented as those of crises (the Asian crisis and the years following the 2008 crisis). Moreover, we suggest different indicators that could be useful to guide the investors in their arbitrage behavior in the different regimes: the duration of each state, the sensitivity of the volatility in a market following a change in the volatility in another market. Finally, we are able to identify which market can be considered as leading markets in terms of volatility

Phagocytic ability of neutrophils and monocytes in neonates

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Infections by a variety of pathogens are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality during perinatal period. The susceptibility of neonates to bacterial infections has been attributed to immaturity of innate immunity. It is considered that one of the impaired mechanisms is the phagocytic function of neutrophils and monocytes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the phagocytic ability of neonates at birth.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The phagocytic ability of neutrophils and monocytes of 42 neonates was determined using the Phagotest flow cytometry method, that assesses the intake of <it>E. Coli </it>by phagocytes, in cord blood and in peripheral blood 3 days after birth. Fifteen healthy adults were included in the study as controls.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The phagocytic ability of neutrophils in the cord blood of neonates was significantly reduced compared to adults. The 3^rdpostnatal day the reduction of phagocytic ability of neutrophils was no longer significant compared to adults. The phagocytic ability of monocytes did not show any difference from that of adults either at birth or the 3^rdpostnatal day.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our findings indicate that the intake of <it>E. Coli </it>by phagocytes is impaired at birth in both preterm and full term neonates compared to adults. This defect is transient, with the phagocytic ability in neonates reaching that of the adults 3 days after birth.</p