7 research outputs found
Under the radar? 'Soft' residential densification in England, 2001-2011
Urban compaction policies have been widely adopted in developed countries in pursuit of more sustainable cities. Compactness is achieved through a process of âdensificationâ, of developing and using land and buildings more intensively. However, empirical evidence on the processes and outcomes of urban densification is lacking. The paper addresses this lacuna. It considers densification in England, a country that has long experience of applying policies of urban containment and consolidation; and one where new data sources allow the analysis of recent land use change at a level of detail not hitherto possible. In England between 2001 and 2011 the bulk of additional dwellings were accommodated within urban areas, increasing their density. Yet there were wide inter- and intra-regional variations in the pattern of densification: for example, in the contributions of large scale, formal development and of small scale, informal, gradual change â of âhardâ and âsoftâ densification â to the process. The significant differences in local experiences of densification that result raise major issues for policy
The Pricing of Experience Goods: The Example of en primeur Wine
The market for âprimeurâ wine in the Bordeaux region allows producers to sell wine that is still in barrels. As with all experience goods, producers send quality signals to uninformed buyers. Using original data on Bordeaux wines, we show that the pricing behavior of producers depends to a large extent on their reputation, and much less on short-term changes in quality (as measured by experts' grades). We also find that the primeur price has an informative role, since a 10% increase in primeur price leads to a 3% increase in prices on the market for bottled wine. Copyright 2007, Oxford University Press.