16 research outputs found
Comparing Factors Influencing Heavy Episodic Drinking of Young Adults in the United Kingdom and The Netherlands
The United Kingdom and the Netherlands exhibit similar levels of heavy episodic drinking but different drinking patterns among youths. This study aimed to assess the impact of country of residence on heavy episodic drinking among 293 British and Dutch youths, accounting for other behavioral determinants. Participants completed online questionnaires measuring impulsivity, sensation-seeking, alcohol consumption, and constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior [TPB]. Mediation analysis established that British youths engaged in more frequent heavy drinking episodes than Dutch youths, as they had weaker intentions to refrain from heavy drinking, and lower perceived behavioral control. Country of residence also was a direct predictor of frequency of heavy drinking episodes, not mediated by personality traits. Thus, country of residence seems an important factor in heavy episodic drinking, partly mediated through TPB constructs. Interventions may benefit from targeting country-specific drinking behavior and related socio-psychological mechanisms.</p
Brief cognitive behavioral therapy compared to general practitioners care for depression in primary care: a randomized trial
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Depressive disorders are highly prevalent in primary care (PC) and are associated with considerable functional impairment and increased health care use. Research has shown that many patients prefer psychological treatments to pharmacotherapy, however, it remains unclear which treatment is most optimal for depressive patients in primary care.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>A randomized, multi-centre trial involving two intervention groups: one receiving brief cognitive behavioral therapy and the other receiving general practitioner care. General practitioners from 109 General Practices in Nijmegen and Amsterdam (The Netherlands) will be asked to include patients aged between 18-70 years presenting with depressive symptomatology, who do not receive an active treatment for their depressive complaints. Patients will be telephonically assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) to ascertain study eligibility. Eligible patients will be randomized to one of two treatment conditions: either 8 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy by a first line psychologist or general practitioner's care according to The Dutch College of General Practitioners Practice Guideline (NHG- standaard). Baseline and follow-up assessments are scheduled at 0, 6, 12 and 52 weeks following the start of the intervention. Primary outcome will be measured with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HDRS-17) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Outcomes will be analyzed on an intention to treat basis.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>ISRCTN65811640</p
Perspectives on climate change impacts and water security
This chapter starts out with a description of the main impacts of climate change on water and the needs for adaptation. Subsequently, five different perspectives on the responses to the impacts are discussed. These perspectives include (i) a section on the need to cope with the climate change impacts, paying special attention to decision-making processes and the need for improved economics. The next perspective (ii) presents and discusses the lobbying process that raised the attention to water-related climate adaptation under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change negotiations. The chapter continues with (iii) the need to adapt transboundary water agreements to also include climate change impacts. The chapter concludes with two regional cases: one about (iv) the need to adapt transboundary governance in the Mekong and (v) a case showing the usefulness of new tools developed to address the cost of adaptation in the Middle East and the North Africa (MENA) region. Through these different perspectives this chapter introduces the broad-ranging playing field for water security and climate change
Cycladophora davisiana の古海洋学的意義 : 北太平洋亜寒帯に設置されたセディメント・トラップからの考察
第5回放散虫研究集会論文集A time-series sediment trap was deployed at 3,200m in the Bering Sea (StationAB) during August 1990 to August 1993.The trap samples were studied for seasonal fluxes of radiolarians. The seasonal flux patterns of total polycystine radiolarians showed maxima during spring or summer whereas fluxes of C.ycladophora davisiana davisiana Ehrenberg increased during fall. Morley and Hays (1983) interpreted that high % C d. davisiana values in the Sea of Okhotsk were related to their dwelling depth and characteristic oceanographic conditions in the subsurface layer. Our sediment trap data provide a new insight into the arguments proposed by Morley and Hays. Morley and Hays (1983) suggested that the spring radiolarian production was inhibited by the sea ice cover in the Sea of Okhotsk. However C d. davisiana should not be significantly affected by that because of the observed main fluxes of this species in the fall. Therefore, the high percent of C. d. davisiana seen in the core tops in the Sea of Okhotsk, as well as high latitude oceans during the glacial intervals, are considered to be due to seasonal sea ice cover Stylochlamydium venustum (Bailey) is one of the dominant radiolarian species in the Bering Sea.Although tentative for a definite seasonality, the possible spring fiux increase of this taxon might explain why % S. vemtstttm decreased during the glacials. Downcore change of % S. venttstum shows an opposite trend of what % C. d. davisiana does in the Bering Sea (Blueford, 1983.), suggesting that the spring increase of S. venustum could have been restricted by sea ice cover and/or melt water during the glacials
Locations, ages, sea surface temperature calculations with standard deviation, and paleolatitude values for sites used to calculate meridional temperature profiles for time slices in the Early (55–48 Ma) and Middle Eocene (45–39 Ma).
<p>Published paleolatitudes refer to values published by the original authors. Values in column paleolatitude.org and error are calculated using methods presented in this paper.</p><p>Locations, ages, sea surface temperature calculations with standard deviation, and paleolatitude values for sites used to calculate meridional temperature profiles for time slices in the Early (55–48 Ma) and Middle Eocene (45–39 Ma).</p
A Paleolatitude Calculator for Paleoclimate Studies - Fig 1
<p>(A) Example of a plate circuit. The motion of India versus Eurasia cannot be directly constrained since these plates are bounded by a destructive plate boundary (trench). Relative motions between these plates can be reconstructed by restoring the opening history of the North Atlantic ocean between Eurasia and North America, the Central Atlantic Ocean between Africa and North America, and the Indian Ocean between India and Africa. With the relative positions of all these plates known through time, a paleomagnetic pole of one of these plates can be used to constrain all of these plates relative to the geodynamo. (B) schematic outline of plate and mantle motions and reference frames. Plates move relative to the mantle (plate tectonics), and plates and mantle together can undergo phases of motion relative to the liquid outer core (true polar wander). Both processes lead to motion of a rock record relative to the Earth’s spin axis, and hence both influence the angle of insolation that is relevant for paleoclimate study. Mantle reference frames <i>A-C</i> (see text for explanation of these frames) can only reconstruct plate motion relative to the mantle, but cannot reconstruct true polar wander. These frames are therefore used for analysis of geodynamics, but should not be used for paleoclimate studies. Instead, a paleomagnetic reference frame should be used. On geological timescales, the geodynamo coincides with the Earth’s spin axis. The orientation of the paleomagnetic field in a rock can be used to restore a rock record into its original paleolatitude relative to the spin axis.</p
Plate reconstruction at 50 Ma, around the moment of the Early Eocene Climate Optimum, with the sites used for sea surface temperature estimates in Figs 1 and 5.
<p>Reconstruction made in <i>GPlates</i> from Seton and colleagues [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0126946#pone.0126946.ref014" target="_blank">14</a>], with modifications as indicated in the main text, placed in the paleomagnetic reference frame of Torsvik and colleagues [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0126946#pone.0126946.ref020" target="_blank">20</a>]. Absolute paleolongitude of the global plate motion chain is unconstrained, and irrelevant for paleoclimate reconstructions. Meridians are spaced with 30 degree intervals. Italic numbers 1–14 indicate the reconstructed locations of the sites used for a case study on Eocene meridional temperature, see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0126946#pone.0126946.g005" target="_blank">Fig 5</a>, and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0126946#pone.0126946.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p
Latitudinal sea surface temperature (SST) gradients for the early- (orange) and middle (blue) Eocene (modified from Bijl and colleagues [2]).
<p>See text for full derivation of data. TEX<sub>86</sub>-derived SSTs (squares) were recalibrated to TEX<sub>86</sub>-H following Kim and colleagues [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0126946#pone.0126946.ref094" target="_blank">94</a>]. (A) with paleolatitudes as published by Bijl and colleagues [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0126946#pone.0126946.ref002" target="_blank">2</a>] and references therein, (B) with paleolatitudes and error bars using the paleolatitude calculator provided with this paper (<a href="http://www.paleolatitude.org" target="_blank">www.paleolatitude.org</a>), in the default reference frame of Torsvik et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0126946#pone.0126946.ref020" target="_blank">20</a>]. (C) comparison of paleolatitudes of the same paleotemperature data using paleomagnetic reference frames of Torsvik et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0126946#pone.0126946.ref020" target="_blank">20</a>], Besse and Courtillot [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0126946#pone.0126946.ref018" target="_blank">18</a>] and Kent and Irving [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0126946#pone.0126946.ref034" target="_blank">34</a>]. For data, see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0126946#pone.0126946.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>, for present-day locations see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0126946#pone.0126946.g002" target="_blank">Fig 2</a>, for reconstructed locations at 50 Ma see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0126946#pone.0126946.g004" target="_blank">Fig 4</a>.</p