Pengembangan E-Modul Berbasis Pendekatan Contextual Teaching And Learning Pada Materi Barisan Dan Deret Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa SMP

This study aims to produce e-modules with a contextual teaching and learning approach that is valid, practical, and effective to increase students' interest in learning. This development research uses the Plomp model which consists of three phases, namely the preliminary research phase, the prototyping phase, and the assessment phase. The prototype trial was conducted on 16 eighth grade students of SMPN 1 Tirtayasa, Indonesia. The research instrument consisted of an expert validation sheet to assess the validity, a student response questionnaire to assess practicality, and a student learning interest questionnaire to assess the effectiveness of the e-module. This research produces an e-module with a contextual teaching and learning approach to increase the interest of junior high school students in learning mathematics in the context of everyday life. Although the increase in student interest in learning is still relatively low, overall the e-modules developed are considered valid, practical, and effective, so that they are suitable for use in learning mathematics in junior high schoolsKeywords: Mathematics Module, Contextual Teaching and Learning Interest in Learning Mathematic

Analisis Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematis Ditinjau Dari Gaya Belajar Siswa SMA

Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh deskripsi kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis ditinjau dari gaya belajar siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Tirtayasa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Subjek yang dipilih sebanyak enam orang yang merupakan dua siswa yang mewakili masing-masing gaya belajar. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan tes berdasarkan indikator kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis yaitu (1) kemampuan menyatakn ulang sebuah konsep (2) Kemampuan mengklasifikasikan objek menurut sifat-sifat tertentu sesuai dengan konsep (3) Kemampuan memberi contoh dan noncontoh dari suatu konsep. Hasil penelitian menunjukan (1) subjek dengan gaya belajar visual memiliki kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis yang baik pada indikator 1,2 dan 3 (2) subjek dengan gaya belajar auditori memliki kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis yang baik pada indikator 3 dan kurang baik pada indikator 1 dan 2 (3) subjek dengan gaya belajar kinestetik memiliki kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis yang baik pada indikator 1 dan kurang baik pada indikator 2 dan 3.  Kata Kunci: Pemahaman Konsep, Gaya Belajar, Siswa SM

Electro/magnetoencephalographic signatures of human brain insulin resistance

Human insulin action influences eating behavior, peripheral metabolism and cognition. Detailed insights into the neuronal processes related to human brain insulin action can be obtained by direct measures of neuronal activity with electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography. Results of recent studies show that spontaneous, task and stimulus related neuronal activity is modulated by insulin and that several factors like increased body weight and body composition can result in brain insulin resistance. Recent technological advances even allow the investigation of human brain functions in utero in relation to the metabolic status of the mother and indicate an effect of the mother’s insulin sensitivity on the brain function of the fetus. In conclusion, studies based on direct neuronal measurements may help to determine the developmental trajectory related to insulin action and resistance

Focused didactic training for skills lab student tutors – which techniques are considered helpful?

Objective: Peer-assisted learning is widely used in medical education. However, little is known about an appropriate didactic preparation for peer tutors. We herein describe the development of a focused didactic training for skills lab tutors in Internal Medicine and report on a retrospective survey about the student tutors’ acceptance and the perceived transferability of attended didactic training modules

The Myocyte Expression of Adiponectin Receptors and PPARδ Is Highly Coordinated and Reflects Lipid Metabolism of the Human Donors

Muscle lipid oxidation is stimulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ or adiponectin receptor signalling. We studied human myocyte expression of the PPARδ and adiponectin receptor genes and their relationship to lipid parameters of the donors. The mRNA levels of the three adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1, AdipoR2, and T-cadherin, were highly interrelated (r ≥ 0.91). However, they were not associated with GPBAR1, an unrelated membrane receptor. In addition, the adiponectin receptors were positively associated with PPARδ expression (r ≥ 0.75). However, they were not associated with PPARα. Using stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, PPARδ was a significant determinant of T-cadherin (P = .0002). However, pharmacological PPARδ activation did not increase T-cadherin expression. The myocyte expression levels of AdipoR1 and T-cadherin were inversely associated with the donors' fasting plasma triglycerides (P < .03). In conclusion, myocyte expression of PPARδ and the adiponectin receptors are highly coordinated, and this might be of relevance for human lipid metabolism in vivo

The Effect of PCSK1 Variants on Waist, Waist-Hip Ratio and Glucose Metabolism Is Modified by Sex and Glucose Tolerance Status

on measures of body fat and glucose homeostasis in Danish individuals and to assess interactions of genotypes with age, sex and glucose tolerance status. Data were included in meta-analyses of additional Europeans. = 0.02) elevated level of acute insulin response for this variant. Finally, we found that the rs6232 G-allele associated with higher levels of GLP-1, GLP-2 and glucagon and that the rs6235 C-allele associated with higher levels of GIP and glucagon during a meal-test. rs6232 G-allele and rs6235 C-allele have an effect on body composition which may be modified by sex, whereas the effect of rs6235 C-allele on fasting and stimulated circulating plasma glucose and hormone levels may be influenced by glucose tolerance status

Association of obesity risk SNPs in PCSK1 with insulin sensitivity and proinsulin conversion

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Prohormone convertase 1 is involved in maturation of peptides. Rare mutations in gene <it>PCSK1</it>, encoding this enzyme, cause childhood obesity and abnormal glucose homeostasis with elevated proinsulin concentrations. Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within this gene, rs6232 and rs6235, are associated with obesity. We studied whether these SNPs influence the prediabetic traits insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, or glucose intolerance.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We genotyped 1498 German subjects for SNPs rs6232 and rs6235 within <it>PCSK1</it>. The subjects were metabolically characterized by oral glucose tolerance test with glucose, insulin, proinsulin, and C-peptide measurements. A subgroup of 512 subjects underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The minor allele frequencies were 25.8% for SNP rs6235 and 6.0% for rs6232. After adjustment for sex and age, we found no association of SNPs rs6235 and rs6232 with BMI or other weight-related traits (all p ≥ 0.07). Both minor alleles, adjusted for sex, age, BMI and insulin sensitivity were associated with elevated AUC_proinsulinand AUC_proinsulin/AUC_insulin(rs6235: p_{additive model}≤ 0.009, effect sizes 8/8%, rs6232: p_{dominant model}≤ 0.01, effect sizes 10/21%). Insulin secretion was not affected by the variants (different secretion parameters, all p ≥ 0.08). The minor allele of SNP rs6232 was additionally associated with 15% higher OGTT-derived and 19% higher clamp-derived insulin sensitivity (p_dom≤ 0.0047), 4.5% lower HOMA_IR(p_dom= 0.02) and 3.5% lower 120-min glucose (p_dom= 0.0003) independently of BMI and proinsulin conversion. SNP rs6235 was not associated with parameters of glucose metabolism.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Like rare mutations in <it>PCSK1</it>, the more common variants tested determine glucose-stimulated proinsulin conversion, but not insulin secretion. In addition, rs6232, encoding the amino acid exchange N221D, influences insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.</p

Common Genetic Variation in the SERPINF1 Locus Determines Overall Adiposity, Obesity-Related Insulin Resistance, and Circulating Leptin Levels

OBJECTIVE: Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) belongs to the serpin family of peptidase inhibitors (serpin F1) and is among the most abundant glycoproteins secreted by adipocytes. In vitro and mouse in vivo data revealed PEDF as a candidate mediator of obesity-induced insulin resistance. Therefore, we assessed whether common genetic variation within the SERPINF1 locus contributes to adipose tissue-related prediabetic phenotypes in humans. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A population of 1,974 White European individuals at increased risk for type 2 diabetes was characterized by an oral glucose tolerance test with glucose and insulin measurements (1,409 leptin measurements) and genotyped for five tagging SNPs covering 100% of common genetic variation (minor allele frequency ≥ 0.05) in the SERPINF1 locus. In addition, a subgroup of 486 subjects underwent a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp and a subgroup of 340 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS). RESULTS: After adjustment for gender and age and Bonferroni correction for the number of SNPs tested, SNP rs12603825 revealed significant association with MRI-derived total adipose tissue mass (p = 0.0094) and fasting leptin concentrations (p = 0.0035) as well as nominal associations with bioelectrical impedance-derived percentage of body fat (p = 0.0182) and clamp-derived insulin sensitivity (p = 0.0251). The association with insulin sensitivity was completely abolished by additional adjustment for body fat (p = 0.8). Moreover, the fat mass-increasing allele of SNP rs12603825 was significantly associated with elevated fasting PEDF concentrations (p = 0.0436), and the PEDF levels were robustly and positively associated with all body fat parameters measured and with fasting leptin concentrations (p<0.0001, all). CONCLUSION: In humans at increased risk for type 2 diabetes, a functional common genetic variant in the gene locus encoding PEDF contributes to overall body adiposity, obesity-related insulin resistance, and circulating leptin levels

Interaction between the obesity-risk gene FTO and the dopamine D2 receptor gene ANKK1/TaqIA on insulin sensitivity

Variations in FTO are the strongest common genetic determinants of adiposity, and may partly act by influencing dopaminergic signalling in the brain leading to altered reward processing that promotes increased food intake. Therefore, we investigated the impact of such an interaction on body composition, and peripheral and brain insulin sensitivity. Participants from the Tubingen Family study (n = 2245) and the Malmo Diet and Cancer study (n = 2921) were genotyped for FTO SNP rs8050136 and ANKK1 SNP rs1800497. Insulin sensitivity in the caudate nucleus, an important reward area in the brain, was assessed by fMRI in 45 participants combined with intranasal insulin administration. We found evidence of an interaction between variations in FTO and an ANKK1 polymorphism that associates with dopamine (D2) receptor density. In cases of reduced D2 receptor availability, as indicated by the ANKK1 polymorphism, FTO variation was associated with increased body fat and waist circumference and reduced peripheral insulin sensitivity. Similarly, altered central insulin sensitivity was observed in the caudate nucleus in individuals with the FTO obesity-risk allele and diminished D2 receptors. The effects of variations in FTO are dependent on dopamine D2 receptor density (determined by the ANKK1 polymorphism). Carriers of both risk alleles might, therefore, be at increased risk of obesity and diabetes.Peer reviewe