Іmplementation of co-processing of waste in cement kilns for Ukraine. Waste management issues

У посібнику розглядаються теоретичні та практичні положення щодо оцінки та здійснення спільної переробки відходів у цементних печах. Надано конкретні розрахунки впливу на довкілля спільної переробки відходів. Звертається увага на законодавство, найкращі доступні технології, питання фінансової та енергоефективної діяльності.The manual discusses the theoretical and practical provisions for the assessment and implementation of co-processing of waste in cement kilns. Specific calculations of the environmental effect of the co-processing of waste are provided. Attention is paid to the legislative, best available technologies, financial and energy efficiency issues. The material is intended for students of higher educational institutions, graduate students and engineers engaged in the development, design and audit of electromechanical systems of energy-intensive industries, specializing in 141 Electricity, electrical engineering and electromechanics, 144 Heat power engineering, 101 Ecology and others.В руководстве обсуждаются теоретические и практические положения по оценке и реализации совместной переработки отходов в цементных печах. Приведены конкретные расчеты воздействия совместной переработки отходов на окружающую среду. Внимание уделяется законодательным вопросам, вопросам наилучших доступных технологий, финансов и энергоэффективности. Материал предназначен для студентов высших учебных заведений, аспирантов и инженеров, занимающихся разработкой, проектированием и аудитом электромеханических систем энергоемких производств по специальностям 141 Электроэнергетика, электротехника и электромеханика, 144 Теплоэнергетика, 101 Экология и другие

Industrial Data-Based Life Cycle Assessment of Architecturally Integrated Glass-Glass Photovoltaics

Worldwide, an increasing number of new buildings have photovoltaics (PV) integrated in the building envelope. In Switzerland, the use of coloured PV façades has become popular due to improved visual acceptance. At the same time, life cycle assessment of buildings becomes increasingly important. While a life cycle inventory for conventional glass-film PV laminates is available, this is not the case for glass-glass laminates, and in particular, coloured front glasses. Only conventional glass-film PV laminates are considered in databases, some of which are partly outdated. Our paper addresses this disparity, by presenting life cycle inventory data gathered from industries producing coloured front glass by digital ceramic printing and manufacturing glass-glass PV laminates. In addition, we applied this data to a hypothetical façade made of multi-coloured glass-glass laminates and its electricity generation in terms of Swiss eco-points, global warming potential, and cumulative energy demand as impact indicators. The results of the latter show that the effect of the digital ceramic printing is negligible (increase of 0.1%), but the additional glass (4% increase) and reduction of electricity yield (20%) are significant in eco-points. The energy pay-back time for a multi-coloured PV façade is 8.1 years, which decreases by 35% to 5.3 years when replacing the glass rain cladding in an existing façade, leaving 25 years for surplus electricity generation

Vergleichende Ökobilanzierung Photovoltaik

Die Hochschule Luzern entwickelt Lösungen zur besseren Integration von Photovoltaik in Gebäuden. Neben farbigen PV-Modulen werden auch Ausführungsvarianten zur Gebäudeintegration entworfen und gebaut. Bei deren Vergleich werden zunehmend auch Ökobilanzierungen als Entscheidungsgrundlage eingesetzt. Ein konkretes Anwendungsbeispiel wird hier beschrieben

Environmental Potential Analysis of Co-processing Waste in Cement Kilns

The technology of waste co-processing in cement kilns has proven to be a reliable, efficient and convenient method of waste disposal (domestic and industrial). However, countries around the world face the following key barriers to the implementation of the technology of waste co-processing in cement kilns: fuzzy legislation, lack of financial support, public acceptance, etc. These barriers can be partially eliminated by the measures proposed in this study.In addition, waste sorting and processing are often not carried out systematically. National and International cement companies operate modern cement kilns which could substitute a part of their fossil fuel and raw material with suitable waste streams to be co-processed. Co-processing non-recyclable waste is often a valid option to close loops towards circular economy. This technology is widely used in different European countries, but with different environmental impacts. Therefore, it is important to investigate the environmental potential of this technology, which is variable for different waste morphology conditions.The potential benefits of the technology of solid waste co-processing in cement kilns are investigated. The methodology of estimation of greenhouse gas emissions for biogenic emissions in determining the benefits and environmental potential of the technology is applied. The example of the Ukrainian cement industry identified the possibility of: reducing the anthracite coal consumption in clinker production up to 262 kt/a; preventing up to 284 ktCO2eq/a emissions from coal substitution. For the waste management sector, the potential of co-processing is identified: MSW disposal up to 1,213 ktMSW/a; prevention of greenhouse gas emissions up to 111 ktCO2eq/a in landfills. These findings are important in a number of countries, as the key barriers to co-processing in cement kilns are related. Environmental analysis results and proposed measures to avoid the identified key barriers to technology implementation can be applied to many countrie