Survey of heat transfer to near critical fluids

Survey topics include - heat transfer boundaries of near critical region, free, natural, and forced convection experiments, oscillations, geometric effects, parameters which appear to be significant to heat transfer in critical region, and theories which have been proposed for region

Munchausen by internet and nursing practice: An ethnonetnographic case study

This paper used Feldman’s clues to factitious illness behavior on the Internet (FIBI), to determine whether the online behaviour of one member of an online breast cancer support community www.breastcancerclick.com.au , moderated by a specialist breast cancer nurse (SBCN), could be Munchausen by Internet (MBI) and why identification of this behaviour is important for online nursing practice. This was a focused ethnonetnographic and qualitative research study whereby the online behaviour of one member was observed and compared with Feldman’s clues to factitious behaviour on the Internet. The online data showed that nine out of ten of Feldman’s clues were applicable to the member’s behavior in the Click online community. The relevance of these findings are discussed in relation to the effects this behaviour can have on other community members, the attendant legal ramifications and the necessity for nurses and other health professionals, who are employed or who participate in online support communities, to be aware of this behaviour and how to recognize it

Developing the synergy between university and industry-based nursing courses: Lessons in engagement

On the surface the process of engagement seems functional, however, if the engagement process does not take into account people dynamics and the effects of the wider social, organisational and cultural context, multiple tensions may occur. This paper shares the story of the tensions related to culture, relationships, communication and the impact of change in bringing a University-Community project to its completion. The scholarship of engagement revealed the nature of this complex process and uncovered the need for a richer understanding of the people involved and their mindset. The challenges and opportunities encountered in the engagement process will be identified and the “how to” and “how not to” manage the process and the consideration of the people will be discusse

The dryout region in frictionally heated sliding contacts

Some conditions under which boiling and two-phase flow can occur in or near a wet sliding contact are determined and illustrated. The experimental apparatus consisted of a tool pressed against an instrumented slider plate and motion picture sequences at 4000 frames/sec. The temperature and photographic data demonstrated surface conditions of boiling, drying, trapped gas evolution (solutions), and volatility of fluid mixture components. The theoretical modeling and analysis are in reasonable agreement with experimental data

High Rate Performance of Drift Tubes

This article describes calculations and measurements of space charge effects due to high rate irradiation in high resolution drift tubes. Two main items are studied: the reduction of the gas gain and changes of the drift time. Whereas the gain reduction is similar for all gases and unavoidable, the drift time changes depend on the kind of gas that is used. The loss in resolution due to high particle rate can be minimized with a suitable gas. This behaviour is calculable, allowing predictions for new gas mixtures.Comment: 20 pages, submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods

Measurements of mixed convective heat transfer to low temperature helium in a horizontal channel

A horizontal 2.85 m long, 19 mm i.d. stainless steel heated circular channel was employed to measure coefficients of heat transfer to low temperature helium flow. Experimental parameters range from 6.5 to 15 K, from 0.12 to 0.3 MPa at heat fluxes up to 1000 W/m square and Reynolds numbers from 9,000 to 20,000. A significantly nonuniform distribution of heat transfer coefficients over the tube periphery is observed. Difference between temperatures on the upper and lower surfaces of the stainless steel channel wall was found to reach 9 K. It was noted that the highest temperature on the wall outer surface is displaced from its uppermost point. Measurements of local flow temperatures revealed vortical structure of the flow. The displacement of the point with the highest temperature is attributable to the effect of vortices. The relationships for calculating local and averaged coefficients of heat transfer are proposed

Some heat transfer and hydrodynamic problems associated with superconducting cables (SPTL)

To study some effects of thermogravitation on (CIIK-SPTL) systems, a heated tube experiment was set up at Krzhizhanovsky Power Engineering Institute Moscow, U.S.S.R. Heat transfer data were taken with fluid helium flowing through a 2.85 m, 19 mm diameter uniformly heated horizontal tube. Temperatures were measured on the top and bottom of the tube at six axial locations with three other circumferential measurements made at (X/L) =57. Typical temperature profiles show significant variations both axially and circumferentially. The data are grouped using reduced Nusselt number (NuR) and the bulk expansion parameter for each axial location. The average data for 0.26 less than or equal to X/L less than or equal to 0.76 follow a power law relation with the average expansion parameter. System instabilities are noted and discussed. Future work including heat transfer in coaxial cylinders is discussed

Factors influencing medical decision- Making for seriously ill patients in the Acute Care Hospital

Aim: To acquire a fuller understanding of the influences on decision-making in an acute care hospital for seriously ill patients. Background: Fromthe moment of a diagnosis of serious, potentially life-limiting illness, patients and their families are faced withmultiple, complex and significant decisions that will influence the entire illness trajectory, including their end-of-life care (EOLC). Compounding personal factors is the complexity of dying today with acute ward areas in tertiary hospitals use of technological interventions to prolong life, at all costs being the norm. If hospice care is initiated, in these areas, it is often at too late a stage to relieve distressing symptoms and to offer the person the best possible path of care for a dignified death. Design and methods: A retrospective cohort research design was used for this study. Results: Thirty nine (39) medical records that met the inclusion criteria were audited. While medical records are limited in terms of the quality of the information contained in them in terms of social, behavioural and other qualitative information, the audit obtained detailed clinical information on patient characteristics, clinical care, and family and clinician involvement in the care of these patients. Communication between health professionals and patient and or family were limited. Poor documentation in the medical record did not support shared decision-making with decisions to amend the care pathway to palliative not undertaken in most instances despite no improvement in response to care or deterioration in the patient’s condition. Conclusion: Communication between health care professions, patients and their family’s needs to be addressed. The management of patients who are seriously ill in acute ward areas should be altered to reflect the patient’s condition. Nurses, using a person-centred approach, have a role in advocating for the patient and the family in times of stress. Discussions concerning end-oflife of seriously ill patients need to be open, transparent and communicated as these discussions are critical to ensuring the patient’s wishes are realised

The specialist breast care nurse's role in the identification and minimisation of distress in a members' only, breast cancer focused online support community

Objectives: To show how a specialist breast care nurse (SBCN) can use the distress thermometer to determine an online community member’s distress level and then use the information in their posts and blogs to identify the cause(s) and deal with them appropriately. To highlight the use of a structured written emotional expression (SWEE) format online, as a way of minimising distress. Method: A survey of online community members together with analysis of the content of members’ posts and blogs to determine whether their distress thermometer score had decreased since the SBCN had been online to deal with member distress. Results: The survey showed that four of the survey participants who completed the survey N=30 had completed a SWEE, been personal messaged by the SBCN about their distress thermometer score and declared that the information and advice they received had been instrumental in decreasing their distress score. It was not possible to identify whether a SWEE made any difference to the Distress Score. Conclusion: The SBCN can use the Distress Thermometer tool online to screen for member distress and deal with this distress through information, advice and support or referral to another health professional. A DT scores should be repeated before and after each of the breast cancer treatment stages so that appropriate interventions can be put in place to minimise or prevent the member’s distress. Specialist nurses in other specialised nursing areas can use the distress thermometer to measure and address the problems/issues causing support community members distress. That the content of a SWEE is one way in which members can document and vent about the problems causing their distress and this information can be used by the nurse to put in place appropriate solution or provide advice and support