Front matter including foreword and table of contents to Trends in American publishing; papers presented at an institute conducted by the University of Illinois Graduate School of Library Science, November 5-8, 1967

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The New Technology and Competencies for "The Most Typical of the Activities of Libraries": Technical Services

At a library conference in 1940, William M. Randall called technical services the "most typical of the activities of libraries" "they are..." he said, "the things which librarians do that no one else does the secrets of the craft." 1 In those intervening forty-three years much has been written and uttered in defense and derision of these "secrets of the craft." These most typical of library activities have changed the name Randall used, technical processes, to technical services. They have moved from being sneeringly derided as "backroom," "basement" or other dreary location activities to being enthusiastically hailed today as "where the action is." They are, fortunately, no longer the "secrets" that they were in Randall's day. They have been moved into, moved around within and even moved out of the organizational charts. Regardless of all these attitudes and activities, the functions of acquiring, organizing and preserving library materials persist and the competencies necessary to carry out these three functions will be the focus of this paper. In the paper, reference will frequently be made to the "technical services librarian" meaning any librarian who works in that aspect of librarianship. The emphasis is on no particular type of library. The term library will be used as meaning also information center.published or submitted for publicatio

The development and validation of a scoring tool to predict the operative duration of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background: The ability to accurately predict operative duration has the potential to optimise theatre efficiency and utilisation, thus reducing costs and increasing staff and patient satisfaction. With laparoscopic cholecystectomy being one of the most commonly performed procedures worldwide, a tool to predict operative duration could be extremely beneficial to healthcare organisations. Methods: Data collected from the CholeS study on patients undergoing cholecystectomy in UK and Irish hospitals between 04/2014 and 05/2014 were used to study operative duration. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was produced in order to identify significant independent predictors of long (> 90 min) operations. The resulting model was converted to a risk score, which was subsequently validated on second cohort of patients using ROC curves. Results: After exclusions, data were available for 7227 patients in the derivation (CholeS) cohort. The median operative duration was 60 min (interquartile range 45–85), with 17.7% of operations lasting longer than 90 min. Ten factors were found to be significant independent predictors of operative durations > 90 min, including ASA, age, previous surgical admissions, BMI, gallbladder wall thickness and CBD diameter. A risk score was then produced from these factors, and applied to a cohort of 2405 patients from a tertiary centre for external validation. This returned an area under the ROC curve of 0.708 (SE = 0.013, p  90 min increasing more than eightfold from 5.1 to 41.8% in the extremes of the score. Conclusion: The scoring tool produced in this study was found to be significantly predictive of long operative durations on validation in an external cohort. As such, the tool may have the potential to enable organisations to better organise theatre lists and deliver greater efficiencies in care

Introduction to MARC uses and users : papers presented at the 1970 Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing conducted by the University of Illinois Graduate School of Library Science, April 26-29, 1970

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Introduction

Not the least of the important events in library history occuring in 1876 was the appearance of a (then) anonymous publication entitled: A Classification and Subject Index for Cataloging and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a Library. We now know that the author was Melvil Dewey and, through the years, the work has become known as the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). The twenty-first annual Allerton Park Institute of the University of Illinois Graduate School of Library Science honored this modest beginning of modern library classification on the eve of its centennial. Forest Press (Albany, N.Y.), publisher of the DDC, served as cosponsor of the conference held from Sunday, November 9, through Wednesday, November 12, 1975, at Allerton Park (the university's conference center) near Monticello, Illinois. From the first conversations concerning the conference, the intention was that the conference concentrate on classification in general and that it should be critical and objective, and not simply expository and laudatory with regard to DDC. Since Dewey's classification scheme has had a major impact on library classification and subject retrieval systems throughout the world, it was felt that the conference should include papers and discussions from leading experts in the field from the United States, Canada, and England. While the focus remained on Dewey, past, present and future, other major systems were to be noted and compared with DDC.published or submitted for publicatio

Serial Cataloging Revisited: A Long Search for a Little Theory and a Lot of Cooperation

The charge to each person preparing a paper for this conference was that he approach current trends and problems and suggest possible solutions to the problems for the specific area of serials that he was to cover. This sounds deceptively simple in relation to serial cataloging, for indeed one can easily identify problems. But it quickly becomes evident that it is increasingly difficult to maintain a linear, "serial" approach to identifying such problems because while serial cataloging has problems of its own, it is always still involved with cataloging in general; with past, present, and future interpretations of the catalog; and with other bibliographical tools, both in and out of the local library. Therefore, while the catalog has its own functions to perform, it cannot escape still carrying on for the other tools should they fail to provide for local needs. And of course, today both problems and trends in all phases of librarianship are somewhat uncertainly noted because of the potential of automation in libraries. The flood of materials of serial nature has created problems for both librarians and users of libraries. Surprisingly, the literature in regard to serial cataloging often seems to neglect the real problems of library users. And although this author has been both a serial cataloger and a serial user, the approach in this paper will be more nearly that of the user seeking to identify some reason for reconsideration of the past and present ways of dealing with serials which may be pertinent in the future.published or submitted for publicatio

From Flow Charting to User Friendly: Technical Services Functions in Retrospect

In this presentation, the proceedings of the twenty-four preceding Clinics on Library Applications of Data Processing will be summarized to give a flavor of the issues and themes relating to technical services functions which have been denned, for purposes of this paper, as: acquisitions, serials control and management, and catalogs and cataloging. In 1963, the world was waking up to a new era of technology influencing many aspects of life. Increased technology was reported to be costing workers their jobs and causing labor unrest. Cited as evidence was the fact that on February 11, 1963, eleven electronic computers took over the jobs of the many people required to tabulate stock market figures in New York for the nationwide wires of the Associated Press (Year, 1963, p. 25). Gordon Cooper was the last of the Project Mercury astronauts to go into orbit. After a successful day and a half in space, the spacecraft's automatic controls went dead, but Cooper landed safely (p. 28). At the University of Illinois on March 2, 1963, the spaceship shaped Assembly Hall was dedicated not only did its shape reflect the times, but it was one of the first buildings in the country to make use of sophisticated computer controls (Thomas Parkinson to Rebecca Hall, WCIA, Channel 3 broadcast, Champaign, Illinois, 5 March 1988). The New International Yearbook for the Year 1963 heralded the development of thirty new commercial digital computer models, most impressive of which was the Control Data Corporation's 6600 with a central memory of 131,000 60-bit words, exceeding in speed and memory capacity all available computers. Noteworthy, too, was a new computer language, FORTRAN IV.published or submitted for publicatio

Introduction to Conserving and preserving library materials (Papers presented at the Allerton Park Institute November 15-18, 1981)

One of the chief concerns in library administration and operations for the 1980s is the conservation and preservation of library materials, an area, which for too long, has been neglected. Faced with rapid deterioration of collections from the ravages of time plus increased widespread use and transportation of materials through networking operations coupled with the rising cost of materials, supplies and staff and other problems associated with inflation, librarians and archivists are finding it increasingly difficult to preserve their collections. A dozen years have passed since a landmark conference at the University of Chicago Graduate Library School brought to the profession's attention the serious problems of deterioration and opened up for the decade of the seventies many solutions which are now being implemented. In choosing the topic for the annual Allerton Park Institute, the faculty of the Graduate School of Library and Information Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign thought it appropriate, at this time, to assess the state-of-the-art and to help set the objectives for the 1980s in conserving and preserving library and archival materials. Specifically the objectives of the conference were to make it possible for those in attendance to: note the scope of preservation problems; discover the philosophy of preservation and conservation of library materials; learn new methods and techniques in the field; identify new research needs; discover cooperative approaches and programs; receive current information on developments in paper manufacturing, deacidification, etc.; gather information on preservation of nonpaper materials such as film, recordings, computer records etc.; learn how and when to use the services of binders, restoration specialists and others outside die local library; learn how restoration specialists work; and find ways to implement a conservation/preservation policy in a local library.published or submitted for publicatio

Introduction to Conserving and preserving materials in nonbook formats (Papers presented at the Allerton Park Institute held November 6-9, 1988)

The thirtieth Allerton Institute was the second in the three decades of these Institutes to be devoted wholly to preservation of library materials. The first with this theme was the twenty-seventh Institute in 1981. In that conference, all but one paper dealt with paper-based materials. In that lone paper, Gerald D. Gibson covered preservation problems of "film, sound recordings, tapes, computer records, and other nonpaper materials" (Gibson, 1981, pp. 89-1 10). In his introduction, Gibson noted the difficulty he had experienced in covering the problems of each of these formats in one paper and hinted that each could well have formed the content of a discrete paper, so the germ of the idea for the 1988 conference came from Gibson's 1981 remark. In the intervening years, much effort has gone into identifying preservation needs and a great deal of attention has been given to paper preservation. Of course, many problems still remain in these areas; however, considerable progress has been made, especially in the realization that many other institutions share preservation problems with libraries. Meanwhile, the growing collections of nonbook materials in archives, museums, and libraries have increasingly shown the need to focus on the preservation problems of these formats. Each format has its own special conservation and preservation problems; yet, many formats are paper-based or have components that contain paper and are, therefore, also subject to all the problems related to paper. Some formats require special equipment which may become obsolete or present other preservation difficulties. This conference addressed the care and preservation of a wide range of nonbook materials and attempted to accomplish the following five general goals and purposes: (1) to identify issues and problems related to the preservation of nonbook materials; (2) to examine different methods and techniques used in the care and preservation of these materials; (3) to provide perspectives on research activities and future trends in nonbook preservation; (4) to indicate the role of vendors and suppliers in the preservation process; and (5) to suggest ways of utilizing strategic planning in the preservation process.published or submitted for publicatio

?????????Treated With A Degree Of Uniformity and Common Sense?????????: Descriptive Cataloging In The United States, 1876-1975

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