2,504 research outputs found
(p -Cymene)thioglycollatoruthenium(II) dimer; a complex with an ambi-basic S,O-donor ligand
The title compound was prepared from the (p-cymene)ruthenium chloride dimer and thioglycollic acid. The structure is a centrosymmetric dimer bridged by the soft-base S atoms, with the hard-base O atoms of the carboxylate group chelating to form a five-membered twisted-ring. The coordination of the ruthenium atoms is completed by a Ρ6-p-cymene ligand, giving an 18-electron count. The RuâS bonds are essentially equal at 2.396(1) Ă
Platinum(II), palladium(II), nickel(II), and gold(I) complexes of the âelectrospray-friendlyâ thiolate ligands 4-SCâ HâN- and 4-SCâHâOMe-
The series of platinum(II), palladium(II), and nickel(II) complexes [MLâ(dppe)] [M = Ni, Pd, Pt; L = 4-SCâ
HâN or 4-SCâHâOMe; dppe = PhâPCHâCHâPPhâ] containing pyridine-4-thiolate or 4-methoxybenzenethiolate ligands, together with the corresponding gold(I) complexes [AuL(PPh3)], were prepared and their electrospray ionization mass spectrometric behavior compared with that of the thiophenolate complexes [M(SPh)â(dppe)] (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) and [Au(SPh)(PPhâ)]. While the pyridine-4-thiolate complexes yielded protonated ions of the type [M + H]+ and [M + 2H]²+ ions in the Ni, Pd, and Pt complexes, an [M + H]+ ion was only observed for the platinum derivative of 4-methoxybenzenethiolate. Other ions, which dominated the spectra of the thiophenolate complexes, were formed by thiolate loss and aggregate formation. The X-ray crystal structure of [Pt(SCâHâOMe-4)â(dppe)] is also reported
Congressâs Commissioners: Former Hill Staffers at the S.E.C. and Other Independent Regulatory Commissions
The expression âpersonnel is policyâ has become a truism in Washington.
Yet our understanding of how the political branches use appointments to project influence into the administrative state is incomplete. This Article leverages data on almost one-thousand commissioners serving on eleven major independent regulatory commissions to chart, for the first time, Congressâs growing practice of placing former legislative-branch personnel onto these entities. We then theorize that this phenomenon is rooted in fundamental changes in American politics in recent decadesâ and, in turn, that it has deeply affected administrative law and separation of- powers dynamics.
Over the past several decades, the number of commissioners with prior service as a lawmaker or congressional staffer increased almost fourfold. Paradoxically, this sea change occurred during a period in which, according to conventional wisdom, Congressâs influence over administration declined. We contend that, faced with a set of worsening pathologies in Congress, lawmakers turned to appointments to influence policy making. At the same time, congressional atrophy and an increasingly rocky confirmation process combined to make executive posts more attractive to Hill staffers than to others
Developing mathematical thinking in the primary classroom: liberating students and teachers as learners of mathematics
This paper reports on a research study conducted with a group of practising primary school teachers (n = 24) in North East Scotland during 2011â2012. The teachers were all participants in a newly developed Masters course that had been designed with the aim of promoting the development of mathematical thinking in the primary classroom as part of project supported by the Scottish Government. The paper presents the background for this initiative within the context of the Scottish Curriculum for Excellence reform. Particular attention is given to the epistemological positioning of the researchers as this influenced both the curriculum design process and also the theoretical framing of the research study which are both described. The project was set up within a design research framework, which aimed to promote classroom-based action research on the part of participants through the course and also research by the university researchers into the process of curriculum development. The research questions focused on the teachersâ confidence, competence, attitudes and beliefs in relation to mathematics and their expectations and experiences of the impact on pupil learning arising from this course. Empirical data were drawn from pre- and post-course surveys, interviews and observations of the discussion forums in the online environment. Findings from this study highlight the way the course had a transformational and emancipatory impact on these teachers. They also highlight ways in which the âframingâ of particular aspects of the curriculum had an oppressive impact on learners in the ways that suppressed creativity and limited the exercise of learner autonomy. Furthermore, they highlight the ways in which a number of these teachers had experienced mathematics as a school subject in very negative ways, involving high levels of âsymbolic violenceâ and of being âlabelledâ
An efficient and principled method for detecting communities in networks
A fundamental problem in the analysis of network data is the detection of
network communities, groups of densely interconnected nodes, which may be
overlapping or disjoint. Here we describe a method for finding overlapping
communities based on a principled statistical approach using generative network
models. We show how the method can be implemented using a fast, closed-form
expectation-maximization algorithm that allows us to analyze networks of
millions of nodes in reasonable running times. We test the method both on
real-world networks and on synthetic benchmarks and find that it gives results
competitive with previous methods. We also show that the same approach can be
used to extract nonoverlapping community divisions via a relaxation method, and
demonstrate that the algorithm is competitively fast and accurate for the
nonoverlapping problem.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl
Myo-Inositol and phytate are toxic to Formosan subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
Š 2014 Entomological Society of America. Several rare and common monosaccharides were screened for toxic effects on the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, with the aim of identifying environmentally friendly termiticides. myo-Inositol and phytic acid, which are nontoxic to mammals, were identified as potential termite control compounds. Feeding bioassays with termite workers, where both compounds were supplied on filter paper in concentrations from 160.2 to 1,281.7Οg/mm3, showed concentration-dependent toxicity within 2 wk. Interestingly myo-inositol was nontoxic when administered to termites in agar (40 mg/ml) in the absence of a cellulosic food source, an unexplained phenomenon. In addition, decreased populations of termite hindgut protozoa were observed upon feeding on myo-inositol but not phytate-spiked filter paper. Radiotracer feeding studies using myoinositol-[ 2-3H] with worker termites showed no metabolism after ingestion over a 2-d feeding period, ruling out metabolites responsible for the selective toxicity
The Value of High Intensity Locomotor Training Applied to Patients With Acute-Onset Neurologic Injury
The purpose of this review is to delineate some of the evidence regarding the effects of exercise intensity during locomotor training in patients with stroke and iSCI. We provide specific definitions of exercise intensity used within the literature, describe methods used to ensure appropriate levels of exertion, and discuss potential adverse events and safety concerns during its application. Further details on the effects of locomotor training intensity on clinical outcomes, and on neuromuscular and cardiovascular function will be addressed as available. Existing literature across multiple studies and meta-analyses reveals that exercise training intensity is likely a major factor that can influence locomotor function after neurologic injury. To extend these findings, we describe previous attempts to implement moderate to high intensity interventions during physical rehabilitation of patients with neurologic injury, including the utility of specific strategies to facilitate implementation, and to navigate potential barriers that may arise during implementation efforts
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