Hipocalcemia severa o sintomática secundaria a hipoparatiroidismo posoperatorio en cirugía de tiroides: experiencia en un hospital universitario de Medellín, Colombia

Objetivo: caracterizar la población de pacientes que presentan hipocalcemia severa o sintomática después de una tiroidectomía total y que requieren calcio parenteral. Diseño: estudio observacional retrospectivo realizado en un centro especializado de Medellín, Colombia. Marco de referencia: la hipocalcemia posoperatoria (POP) es una complicación bien reconocida de la tiroidectomía, que se caracteriza por la presencia de hipocalcemia, con niveles de hormona paratiroidea (Parathyroid hormone, PTH) bajos o inadecuadamente normales. La hipocalcemia sintomática o severa (calcio corregido <7,5 mg/dL) es una verdadera emergencia médica, que requiere un rápido diagnóstico y tratamiento con calcio parenteral. Pacientes: pacientes en POP de tiroidectomía que presentan hipocalcemia severa o sintomática. Intervenciones: reposición con calcio parenteral. Resultados: la hipocalcemia severa o sintomática se presentó en el 8 % de los pacientes llevados a una tiroidectomía total, con predominio en el sexo femenino. La patología tiroidea maligna se constituyó en la indicación más frecuente de la cirugía. En estos pacientes, la media de la PTH fue de 11,3 pg/ mL, mientras que los valores de calcio más bajos se presentaron a las 48 horas POP. Solo se visualizaron las paratiroides en cirugía en una tercera parte de los casos y un paciente tuvo una reintervención en las primeras 24 horas; hasta el 18 % tuvieron hipomagnesemia concomitante. Conclusión: la hipocalcemia por hipoparatiroidismo POP es una complicación frecuente después de la cirugía de tiroides, y en un grupo de pacientes será severa o sintomática, razón por la cual requiere uso de calcio parenteral. En consecuencia, esta complicación tendrá que identificarse y tratarse como una emergencia médica para disminuir la morbilidad y la potencial mortalidad asociadas

Microwave Energy Increases Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Yield in Human Whole Blood Due to Increased Sphingomyelin Transesterification

Dried blood spots (DBS) by fingertip prick collection for fatty acid profiling are becoming increasingly popular due to ease of collection, minimal invasiveness and its amenability to high-throughput analyses. Herein, we assess a microwave-assisted direct transesterification method for the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from DBS. Technical replicates of human whole blood were collected and 25-μL aliquots were applied to chromatography strips prior to analysis by a standard 3-h transesterification method or microwave-assisted direct transesterification method under various power (variable vs constant), time (1-5 min) and reagent (1-10% H2SO4 in methanol) conditions. In addition, a standard method was compared to a 5-min, 30-W power microwave in 1% H2SO4 method for FAME yield from whole blood sphingomyelin, and sphingomyelin standards alone and spiked in whole blood. Microwave-assisted direct transesterification yielded no significant differences in both quantitative (nmol/100 µL) and qualitative (mol%) fatty acid assessments after as little as 1.5- and 1-min reaction times, respectively, using the variable power method and 5% H2SO4 in methanol. However, 30-W power for 5 min increased total FAME yield of the technical replicates by 14%. This increase appears largely due to higher sphingomyelin-derived FAME yield of up to 109 and 399% compared to the standard method when determined from whole blood or pure standards, respectively. In conclusion, microwave-assisted direct transesterification of DBS achieved in as little as 1-min, and 5-min reaction times increase total fatty acids primarily by significantly improving sphingomyelin-derived fatty acid yield

Stability and Free Vibration Analyses of Cantilever Shear Buildings with Semi-Rigid Support Conditions and Multiple Masses

The stability and free vibration analyses of a cantilever shear building with generalized support conditions and with multiple masses (rotational and translational) rigidly attached at both ends and along its height are presented. The proposed model includes the simultaneous effects of: (1) lateral and rotational elastic restraints at the base support; (2) a uniform distributed mass and rotary inertia plus lumped rotary and translational masses rigidly attached at both extremes and along its height; (3) linearly distributed axial load plus the concentrated vertical axial loads caused by the lumped masses; and (4) shear deformations and shear forces induced by the applied axial forces. A parametric study is carried out that shows the importance of all variables included in this work on the stability and dynamic behavior of cantilever shear buildings, particularly the effects of the attached lumped masses and the rotational and translational constraints at the base support. A comparison with results presented by other researchers in previous studies shows that the proposed method and corresponding equations can be very useful in the assessment design of cantilever shear buildings. The main objective is to present readily solutions on the static stability and free vibration of cantilever shear buildings with generalized support conditions and multiple masses rigidly attached. The proposed method and corresponding expressions for the natural frequencies and modal shapes, buckling modes and axial critical loads are extensions of those presented recently by the senior author

Static And Dynamic Stability Of A Multi-Stepped Timoshenko Column Including Self-Weight

A simplified and easy to implement approach for the solution of the static and dynamic stability of a Timoshenko column with multiple partitions is derived in a classic and condensed manner. The proposed methodology includes a non-uniformly distributed axial load along the structural member which can represent the self-weight of columns, chimneys, tall buildings or the axial load on piles induced by downdrag forces. The proposed model includes the effects of shear deformations along the member and the second-order shear force induced by the applied axial load as the member deforms. The effects of the self-weight on the structural member stability are studied using the proposed approach and conclusions regarding the contribution of the self-weight and discrepancies by neglecting it are presented. Three comprehensive examples including columns with weakened sections, distributed axial loads arising from the self-weight, symmetrical tapered sections, and stepped cross sectional members are included to validate and show the applicability of the proposed formulation

Interaction between Butyrate and Tumor Necrosis Factor α in Primary Rat Colonocytes

Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, is utilized by the gut epithelium as energy and it improves the gut epithelial barrier. More recently, it has been associated with beneficial effects on immune and cardiovascular homeostasis. Conversely, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a pro-inflammatory and pro-hypertensive cytokine. While butyrate and TNFα are both linked with hypertension, studies have not yet addressed their interaction in the colon. Here, we investigated the capacity of butyrate to modulate a host of effects of TNFα in primary rodent colonic cells in vitro. We measured ATP levels, cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolytic activity in colonocytes following exposure to either butyrate or TNFα, or both. To address the potential mechanisms, transcripts related to oxidative stress, cell fate, and cell metabolism (Pdk1, Pdk2, Pdk4, Spr, Slc16a1, Slc16a3, Ppargc1a, Cs, Lgr5, Casp3, Tnfr2, Bax, Bcl2, Sod1, Sod2, and Cat) were measured, and untargeted liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed to profile the metabolic responses of colonocytes following exposure to butyrate and TNFα. We found that both butyrate and TNFα lowered cellular ATP levels towards a quiescent cell energy phenotype, characterized by decreased oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification. Co-treatment with butyrate ameliorated TNFα-induced cytotoxicity and the reduction in cell viability. Butyrate also opposed the TNFα-mediated decrease in MMP and mitochondrial-to-intracellular calcium ratios, suggesting that butyrate may protect colonocytes against TNFα-induced cytotoxicity by decreasing mitochondrial calcium flux. The relative expression levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (Pdk4) were increased via co-treatment of butyrate and TNFα, suggesting the synergistic inhibition of glycolysis. TNFα alone reduced the expression of monocarboxylate transporters slc16a1 and slc16a3, suggesting effects of TNFα on butyrate uptake into colonocytes. Of the 185 metabolites that were detected with LC-MS, the TNFα-induced increase in biopterin produced the only significant change, suggesting an alteration in mitochondrial biogenesis in colonocytes. Considering the reports of elevated colonic TNFα and reduced butyrate metabolism in many conditions, including in hypertension, the present work sheds light on cellular interactions between TNFα and butyrate in colonocytes that may be important in understanding conditions of the colon

Data on the phospholipid fatty acyl composition of retroperitoneal white adipose tissue in ad libitum fed and fasted mice

Data are presented on the fatty acyl composition of phospholipid from retroperitoneal white adipose tissue of female mice that were either given ad libitum access to food or fasted for 16 h overnight prior to sacrifice. Our data show that total adipose phospholipid concentrations were more than 2-fold higher in the fasted animals compared with the fed animals (33.48±7.40 versus 16.57±4.43 μg phospholipid fatty acids/100 mg tissue). Concentrations of several individual phospholipid fatty acyl species, including palmitic acid (16:0), vaccenic acid (18:1n-7), linoleic acid (18:2n-6), dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20:3n-6), arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3), as well as total phospholipid saturated fatty acids, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, were significantly higher in adipose tissue from the fasted animals compared with the fed animals. However, when the relative abundance of phospholipid fatty acyl species was analyzed, only 20:4n-6 was specifically enriched (by ~2.5-fold) in adipose phospholipid with fasting

Evaluación y seguimiento al trabajo social y comunitario de los beneficiarios del Fondo de Presupuesto Participativo destinado a cursar estudios de Educación Superior, Comuna Uno Medellín

Este texto da cuenta del proyecto Evaluación y seguimiento al trabajo social y comunitario de los beneficiarios del fondo de presupuesto participativo destinado a cursar estudios de educación superior Comuna Uno, Medellín, su impacto en la toma de decisión y beneficios comunitarios asociados al proyecto Educación superior, en la comuna Uno (2010).Participación desde lo institucional y desde las organizaciones sociales presupuesto participativo Medellín Educación superior apalancada desde el presupuesto participativo, logros, dificultades y retos Seguimiento a la labora social del proyecto Educación superior conclusione

Analytical Method To Detect and Quantify Avocatin B in Hass Avocado Seed and Pulp Matter

Avocatin B, an avocado-derived compound mixture, was demonstrated recently to possess potent anticancer activity by selectively targeting and eliminating leukemia stem cells. Avocatin B is a mixture of avocadene and avocadyne, two 17-carbon polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols (PFAs), first discovered in avocado seeds; their quantities in avocado pulp are unknown. Analytical methods to detect avocado seed PFAs have utilized NMR spectroscopy and GC-MS; both of these lack quantitative capacity and accuracy. Herein, we report a sensitive LC-MS method for the quantitation of avocadene and avocadyne in avocado seed and pulp. The method has a reliable and linear response range of 0.1–50 μM (0.03–17.2 ng/μL) for both avocadene and avocadyne (<i>r</i>² > 0.990) with a lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 0.1 μM. The intra- and interassay accuracy and precision of the quality control (QC) samples at LLOQ showed ≤18.2% percentage error and ≤14.4% coefficient of variation (CV). The intra- and interassay accuracy and precision for QC samples at low and high concentrations were well below 10% error and CV. This method was successfully applied to quantify avocadene and avocadyne in total lipid extracts of Hass avocado pulp and seed matter