Fogászati jellegű sérülések törvényszéki vizsgálata

Absztrakt Bevezetés: A fogászati sérülések dokumentációja és véleményezése meglehetősen hiányos. Szakmai elemzést igényel, hogy miért nem tekintik fontosnak egy baleset után a fogazat állapotát, illetve a korszerű fogorvosi módszerek hogyan befolyásolják a sérülések jellegét, diagnosztikáját és kezelését. Célkitűzés: A fogsérülések rendszerezése, valamint a szakirodalmi és saját adatok összevetése a sérülések eredete és jellege szempontjából, a diagnosztikára vonatkozó javaslatok megfogalmazása. Módszer: A szerzők elemezték a Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézetben a sérülést túlélt betegekre vonatkozó „fogászati sérüléses” szakvéleményeket a 2009 és 2013 közötti időszakban. Eredmények: A közel 7000 szakvéleményben csak 20 fogászati jellegű eset volt, míg a szakirodalmi adatok szerint jelentősen nagyobb számban fordulhatnak elő a fogazat sérülései. Következtetések: Elhanyagolhatóan kevés olyan eset található, amelyikben konkrétan szó van a fogazatot ért kárról, míg több olyan is előfordult, ahol a trauma hatására a fogazatban is szinte biztosan történt elváltozás, de dokumentálva nem volt. A sérülések keletkezési mechanizmusa, a gyógyulás prognosztikai értékelése és a szükséges korrekció szakértői véleményezése a jövőben nagyobb figyelmet érdemel. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(11), 430–435

Praktična primjena brzog progesteronskog P4 testa za rano otkrivanje gravidnosti iz kravljeg mlijeka

Pregnancy diagnosis is an essential part of fertility management in cattle. Early detection of pregnancy 21 days after artificial insemination (AI) allows for early recognition and rebreeding of non-pregnant animals with a minimum delay, which benefits the economic interest for farmers. Rapid progesterone P4 tests are widely used in fertility management strategies, yet there is limited data about the efficiency of tests for P4 measurements in cow’s milk. By measuring P4 concentrations in the milk of different breeds: Red Holstein, Black-Holstein, Simmental, and local crossbreeds, this study aimed to assess the practical application and efficiency of an early and rapid pregnancy detection test from cow’s milk. The study was conducted in 2017–2018 and milk samples were taken from animals at day 21 after artificial insemination (AI) to diagnose pregnancy. The test indicated that of the total cows (n=400) included in this study, 69% were pregnant and 31% were not pregnant, as interpreted based on the P4 Rapid (Ridgeway Science UK) test results. Accuracy of the early diagnosis was verified 60 days after AI (without further AI of cows) by rectal palpation. Based on this examination, 263 (66%) cows were diagnosed as pregnant, while 14 (34%) were diagnosed as non-pregnant. The highest accuracy in pregnancy detection was found in the local crossbreeds and the Simmental breed, with 97% correct diagnosis of cows, followed by Red Holstein with 94% and Black Holstein with an accuracy of 90%. This study showed that the use of progesterone P4 rapid tests in milk samples is an effective, fast and accurate method for the early detection of pregnancy in cows, with an accuracy rate of 90 to 97% based on cattle breed.Dijagnoza gravidnosti bitan je dio menadžmenta plodnosti u goveda. Rana dijagnostika gravidnosti 21 dana nakon osjemenjavanja omogućava rano prepoznavanje i ponovno umjetno osjemenjivanje (UO) negravidnih krava s minimalnim produžetkom servisnog razdoblja te je od ekonomskog interesa za poljoprivrednike. Brzi progesteronski P4 testovi puno se koriste u strategijama upravljanja plodnosti, ali postoji ograničen broj podataka o učinkovitosti tih testova za mjerenje P4 iz kravljeg mlijeka. Mjereći koncentraciju progesterona P4 iz mlijeka različitih pasmina krava kao što su: crveni holstein, crni holstein, simentalska pasmina i lokalne križane pasmine, ova studija ima za cilj procjenu praktične primjene i učinkovitosti ranog i brzog testa dijagnostike gravidnosti iz kravljeg mlijeka. Studija je provedena u razdoblju od 2017. i 2018., a uzorci mlijeka uzorkovani su životinjama 21. dana nakon UO u svrhu dijagnostike gravidnosti. Od 400 krava uključenih u ovo istraživanje, interpretacijom rezultata na temelju uporabe progesteronskog P4 brzog testa (Ridgeway Science, VB) 69 % testiranih krava je bilo gravidno, dok 31 % krava nisu bile gravidne. Točnost rane dijagnoze potvrđena je 60 dana nakon UO krava (bez daljnjih UO krava) rektalnom palpacijom. Na temelju ovog ispitivanja 263 krave, odnosno njih 66 % je dijagnosticirano gravidnima, dok 14 krava ili 34 % nisu bile gravidne. Najveća preciznost u otkrivanju gravidnosti ovom metodom ustvrđena je u lokalnih križanih pasmina i krava simentalske pasmine s 97 % točno dijagnosticiranih krava, a slijede ih pasmina crveni holstein s 94 % i crni holstein s 90 % točnosti. Naše istraživanje pokazalo je da se s preciznošću od 90 % do 97 % za različite testirane pasmine krava uporaba brzih progesteronskih P4 testova u uzorcima mlijeka pokazala učinkovitom, brzom i točnom metodom za rano otkrivanje gravidnosti krava

Quality and use of habitat patches by wild boar (Sus scrofa) along an urban gradient

Expansion and urbanization process of wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations lead to serious human–wildlife conflicts in many cities, e.g. in Budapest, Hungary. In this study we evaluated the penetration potential of the species into the inner urban areas by identifying the occurrence of wild boar and the quality of the habitat patches for them along an urban gradient from the periphery towards the centre. Wild boar rooting intensity, shrub cover and the availability of woody species giving favourable food to wild boar were measured in four different habitat patches. The availability of hiding shrub patches was much higher in the outer areas than in the inner ones. Similarly, the proportion of shrub and tree species providing favourable food for wild boar decreased towards the centre. Accordingly, we found rooting only in two areas nearer to the city boundary. Based on our results at the peripheral areas permanent presence of wild boar in near-natural habitats should be expected, but not in the inner green zones. We recommend to monitor the urban wild boar presence and evaluate the quality of urban green patches to mitigate problems related to the wild boars

The deal.II Library, Version 8.3

deal.II version 8.3 was released August 1, 2015. This paper provides an overview of the new features of this release and serves as a citable reference for the deal.II software library version 8.3. deal.II is an object-oriented finite element library used around the world in the development of finite element solvers. It is available for free under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) from the deal.II homepage at http://www.dealii.org/

Complex hybridization patterns in European pond turtles (Emys orbicularis) in the Pyrenean Region

Hybrid zones are natural laboratories allowing insights in genetic processes like lineage diversification, speciation and introgression. Using large sampling, 15 microsatellite loci and a mitochondrial marker, we examined the Pyrenean contact zone of three pond turtle taxa (Emys orbicularis orbicularis, E. o. galloitalica, E. o. occidentalis). The Pyrenees are a biogeographically important region separating many lineages endemic to the Iberian Peninsula from their Western European counterparts. We discovered limited admixture, reflecting a complex biogeographic scenario. Simulations using Approximate Bayesian Computing supported that E. o. orbicularis invaded the Iberian Peninsula in the Holocene, circumventing the Pyrenees along the Mediterranean coast, and hybridized in the northern peninsula with the local coastal subspecies galloitalica, and to a lesser extent, with occidentalis. While E. o. occidentalis, and in particular E. o. orbicularis, expanded their ranges considerably during Holocene warming, E. o. galloitalica remained largely confined to its former Iberian refuge. Admixture among the three taxa is surprisingly low, and a future taxonomic investigation that includes the unstudied subspecies of E. orbicularis from North Africa, Eastern Europe and Asia has to determine whether their current status properly reflects their evolutionary divergence or whether certain taxa should be regarded as full species

Space use of wild boar (Sus Scrofa) in Budapest: are they resident or transient city dwellers?

In our study, we examined the movement of two wild boars marked with GPS/GSM transmitters in city of Budapest. We hypothesised that: the wild boars do not leave the urban area (H1); the wild boars prefer places that are less disturbed by people, and which are rich in potential hiding places (H2); and their home ranges would be smaller than that of wild boars living in non-urban environment (H3). Based on our results, we accepted our first hypothesis, as the wild boars had not left the area of Budapest. However, we partly rejected our second hypothesis: the wild boars preferred urban areas that were forested and richly covered with vegetation; however, human presence therefore disturbance was also high in those areas. The home range sizes of both marked wild boar sows were remarkably smaller than those of the wild boars living in natural environment (H3). City habitat modification, e.g. clearing undergrowth vegetation, could result that wild boars cannot find any hiding places. The significant part of food sources will disappear with the elimination of these places. By eliminating the two main factors together could prevent wild boars finding their living conditions within the city

A European Concern? Genetic Structure and Expansion of Golden Jackals (Canis aureus) in Europe and the Caucasus

In the first continent-wide study of the golden jackal (Canis aureus), we characterised its population genetic structure and attempted to identify the origin of European populations. This provided a unique insight into genetic characteristics of a native carnivore population with rapid large-scale expansion. We analysed 15 microsatellite markers and a 406 basepair fragment of the mitochondrial control region. Bayesian-based and principal components methods were applied to evaluate whether the geographical grouping of samples corresponded with genetic groups. Our analysis revealed low levels of genetic diversity, reflecting the unique history of the golden jackal among Europe’s native carnivores. The results suggest ongoing gene flow between south-eastern Europe and the Caucasus, with both contributing to the Baltic population, which appeared only recently. The population from the Peloponnese Peninsula in southern Greece forms a common genetic cluster with samples from south-eastern Europe (ΔK approach in STRUCTURE, Principal Components Analysis [PCA]), although the results based on BAPS and the estimated likelihood in STRUCTURE indicate that Peloponnesian jackals may represent a distinct population. Moreover, analyses of population structure also suggest either genetic distinctiveness of the island population from Samos near the coast of Asia Minor (BAPS, most STRUCTURE, PCA), or possibly its connection with the Caucasus population (one analysis in STRUCTURE). We speculate from our results that ancient Mediterranean jackal populations have persisted to the present day, and have merged with jackals colonising from Asia. These data also suggest that new populations of the golden jackal may be founded by long-distance dispersal, and thus should not be treated as an invasive alien species, i.e. an organism that is “non-native to an ecosystem, and which may cause economic or environmental harm or adversely affect human health”. These insights into the genetic structure and ancestry of Baltic jackals have important implications for management and conservation of jackals in Europe. The golden jackal is listed as an Annex V species in the EU Habitats Directive and as such, considering also the results presented here, should be legally protected in all EU member states

The deal.II Library, Version 9.1

This paper provides an overview of the new features of the finite element library deal.II, version 9.1