790 research outputs found
The Image of the School in Heinrich Boll’s Early Works
The school experience has been a prominent motif in German writing for many years, and naturally, the image of the institution differs according to the social and political values held by the respective authors. Goethe, in his fiction, depicts the school experience as beneficial and the teachers as helpful and understanding. Heine, on the other hand, is highly critical of the German educational system. Over the years, especially in that writing which is critical of the socio-political climate in Germany, the picture painted of the school has changed with the changing concerns of German authors, but it has generally been very dark. During much of the nineteenth century the literary image of the school reflected the poor education opportunities available. Toward the end of the century writers began more and more to view public education in the context of German social and political change. In the twentieth century the impact of political developments on the school became a prominent theme, and thus Boll continues what may be called a tradition when he depicts the impact of Nazism on the school and describes education during the Adenauer years
Backup flight control system functional evaluator software manual
The software for the Backup Flight Control System Functional Evaluator (BFCSFE) on a Data General Corporation Nova 1200 computer consists of three programs: the ground support program, the operational flight program (OFP), and the ground pulse code modulation (PCM) program. The Nova OFP software is structurally as close as possible to the AP101 code; therefore, this document highlights and describes only those areas of the Nova OFP that are significantly different from the AP101. Since the Ground Support Program was developed to meet BFCSFE requirements and differs considerably from the AP101 code, it is described in detail
Effective short-range interaction for spin-singlet P-wave nucleon-nucleon scattering
Distorted-wave methods are used to remove the effects of one- and two-pion
exchange up to order Q^3 from the empirical 1P1 phase shift. The one divergence
that arises can be renormalised using an order-Q^2 counterterm which is
provided by the (Weinberg) power counting appropriate to the effective field
theory for this channel. The residual interaction is used to estimate the scale
of the underlying physics.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures (pdf
Relative "-Numerical Ranges for Applications in Quantum Control and Quantum Information
Motivated by applications in quantum information and quantum control, a new
type of "-numerical range, the relative "-numerical range denoted
, is introduced. It arises upon replacing the unitary group U(N) in
the definition of the classical "-numerical range by any of its compact and
connected subgroups .
The geometric properties of the relative "-numerical range are analysed in
detail. Counterexamples prove its geometry is more intricate than in the
classical case: e.g. is neither star-shaped nor simply-connected.
Yet, a well-known result on the rotational symmetry of the classical
"-numerical range extends to , as shown by a new approach based on
Lie theory. Furthermore, we concentrate on the subgroup , i.e. the -fold tensor product of SU(2),
which is of particular interest in applications. In this case, sufficient
conditions are derived for being a circular disc centered at
origin of the complex plane. Finally, the previous results are illustrated in
detail for .Comment: accompanying paper to math-ph/070103
The convergence of haemodynamics, genomics, and endothelial structure in studies of the focal origin of atherosclerosis
The completion of the Human Genome Project and ongoing sequencing of mouse, rat and other genomes has led to an explosion of genetics-related technologies that are finding their way into all areas of biological research; the field of biorheology is no exception. Here we outline how two disparate modern molecular techniques, microarray analyses of gene expression and real-time spatial imaging of living cell structures, are being utilized in studies of endothelial mechanotransduction associated with controlled shear stress in vitro and haemodynamics in vivo. We emphasize the value of such techniques as components of an integrated understanding of vascular rheology. In mechanotransduction, a systems approach is recommended that encompasses fluid dynamics, cell biomechanics, live cell imaging, and the biochemical, cell biology and molecular biology methods that now encompass genomics. Microarrays are a useful and powerful tool for such integration by identifying simultaneous changes in the expression of many genes associated with interconnecting mechanoresponsive cellular pathways
The Significance of the -Numerical Range and the Local -Numerical Range in Quantum Control and Quantum Information
This paper shows how C-numerical-range related new strucures may arise from
practical problems in quantum control--and vice versa, how an understanding of
these structures helps to tackle hot topics in quantum information.
We start out with an overview on the role of C-numerical ranges in current
research problems in quantum theory: the quantum mechanical task of maximising
the projection of a point on the unitary orbit of an initial state onto a
target state C relates to the C-numerical radius of A via maximising the trace
function |\tr \{C^\dagger UAU^\dagger\}|. In quantum control of n qubits one
may be interested (i) in having U\in SU(2^n) for the entire dynamics, or (ii)
in restricting the dynamics to {\em local} operations on each qubit, i.e. to
the n-fold tensor product SU(2)\otimes SU(2)\otimes >...\otimes SU(2).
Interestingly, the latter then leads to a novel entity, the {\em local}
C-numerical range W_{\rm loc}(C,A), whose intricate geometry is neither
star-shaped nor simply connected in contrast to the conventional C-numerical
range. This is shown in the accompanying paper (math-ph/0702005).
We present novel applications of the C-numerical range in quantum control
assisted by gradient flows on the local unitary group: (1) they serve as
powerful tools for deciding whether a quantum interaction can be inverted in
time (in a sense generalising Hahn's famous spin echo); (2) they allow for
optimising witnesses of quantum entanglement. We conclude by relating the
relative C-numerical range to problems of constrained quantum optimisation, for
which we also give Lagrange-type gradient flow algorithms.Comment: update relating to math-ph/070200
Hamiltonian statistical mechanics
A framework for statistical-mechanical analysis of quantum Hamiltonians is
introduced. The approach is based upon a gradient flow equation in the space of
Hamiltonians such that the eigenvectors of the initial Hamiltonian evolve
toward those of the reference Hamiltonian. The nonlinear double-bracket
equation governing the flow is such that the eigenvalues of the initial
Hamiltonian remain unperturbed. The space of Hamiltonians is foliated by
compact invariant subspaces, which permits the construction of statistical
distributions over the Hamiltonians. In two dimensions, an explicit dynamical
model is introduced, wherein the density function on the space of Hamiltonians
approaches an equilibrium state characterised by the canonical ensemble. This
is used to compute quenched and annealed averages of quantum observables.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, references adde
Ritual responses to drought: An examination of ritual expressions in Classic Maya written sources
Planting and rain-beckoning rituals are an extremely common way in which past and present human communities have confronted the risk of drought across a range of environments worldwide. In tropical environments, such ceremonies are particularly salient despite widespread assumptions that water supplies are unproblematic in such regions. We demonstrate for the first time that two common but previously under-appreciated Maya rituals are likely planting and rain-beckoning rituals preferentially performed at certain times of the year in close step with the rainy season and the Maya agricultural cycle. We also argue for considerable historical continuity between these Classic Maya ceremonies and later Maya community rituals still performed in times of uncertain weather conditions up to the present day across Guatemala, Belize, and eastern Mexico. During the Terminal Classic period (AD 800-900), the changing role played by ancient Maya drought-related rituals fits into a wider rhetorical shift observed in Maya texts away from the more characteristic focus on royal births, enthronements, marriages, and wars towards greater emphasis on the correct perpetuation of key ceremonies, and we argue that such changes are consistent with palaeoclimatic evidence for a period of diminished precipitation and recurrent drought
Leukotriene receptor expression in esophageal squamous cell cancer and non-transformed esophageal epithelium: a matched case control study
Study questionnaire. (DOC 21 kb
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