Fotonima stimulirana desorpcija vodikovih iona iz poluvodičkih površina: dokazi izravnih i posrednih procesa

Photon-stimulated desorption of positive hydrogen ions from hydrogenated diamond and GaAs surfaces have been studied for incident photon energies around core-level binding energies of substrate atoms. In the case of diamond surfaces, the comparison between the H+ yield and the near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) for electrons of selected kinetic energies reveals two different processes leading to photodesorption: an indirect process involving secondary electrons from the bulk and a direct process involving core-level excitations of surface carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen. The comparison of H+ photodesorption and electron photoemission as the function of photon energy from polar and non-polar GaAs surfaces provides clear evidence for direct desorption processes initiated by ionisation of corresponding core levels of bonding atoms.Proučavali smo fotonima stimuliranu desorpciju pozitivnih iona vodika iz hidrogeniziranih površina dijamanta i GaAs, za fotone energije oko energija vezanja unutarnjih elektrona atoma podloge. U slučaju površine dijamanta, usporedba prinosa H+ i fine strukture blizu-rubne apsorpcije X-zračenja (NEXAFS) za elektrone odabranih kinetičkih energija otkriva dva različita procesa koji uzrokuju fotodesorpciju: posredan proces uz sudjelovanje sekundarnih elektrona iz osnovnog materijala, i izravan proces uzrokovan uzbudom unutarnjih elektrona površinskih atoma ugljika vezanih na vodik. Usporedba fotodesorpcije H+ i emisije elektrona u ovisnosti o energiji fotona iz polarnih i nepolarnih površina GaAs daje jasne dokaze za izravne procese desorpcije uzrokovane ionizacijom odgovarajućih unutarnjih stanja veznih atoma

Fotonima stimulirana desorpcija vodikovih iona iz poluvodičkih površina: dokazi izravnih i posrednih procesa

Photon-stimulated desorption of positive hydrogen ions from hydrogenated diamond and GaAs surfaces have been studied for incident photon energies around core-level binding energies of substrate atoms. In the case of diamond surfaces, the comparison between the H+ yield and the near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) for electrons of selected kinetic energies reveals two different processes leading to photodesorption: an indirect process involving secondary electrons from the bulk and a direct process involving core-level excitations of surface carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen. The comparison of H+ photodesorption and electron photoemission as the function of photon energy from polar and non-polar GaAs surfaces provides clear evidence for direct desorption processes initiated by ionisation of corresponding core levels of bonding atoms.Proučavali smo fotonima stimuliranu desorpciju pozitivnih iona vodika iz hidrogeniziranih površina dijamanta i GaAs, za fotone energije oko energija vezanja unutarnjih elektrona atoma podloge. U slučaju površine dijamanta, usporedba prinosa H+ i fine strukture blizu-rubne apsorpcije X-zračenja (NEXAFS) za elektrone odabranih kinetičkih energija otkriva dva različita procesa koji uzrokuju fotodesorpciju: posredan proces uz sudjelovanje sekundarnih elektrona iz osnovnog materijala, i izravan proces uzrokovan uzbudom unutarnjih elektrona površinskih atoma ugljika vezanih na vodik. Usporedba fotodesorpcije H+ i emisije elektrona u ovisnosti o energiji fotona iz polarnih i nepolarnih površina GaAs daje jasne dokaze za izravne procese desorpcije uzrokovane ionizacijom odgovarajućih unutarnjih stanja veznih atoma

Interpersonal trauma and its relation to childhood psychopathic traits : what does ADHD and ODD add to the equation?

Acknowledgements Thank you to the parents and young people who participated in the CATSS-9 studies.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Phorbol ester binding and phorol ester-induced arachidonic acid metabolism in a highly responsive murine fibrosarcoma cell line and in a less-responsive variant

Phorbol ester binding was examined in two lines of murine fibrosarcoma cells. The two cell lines were isolated from the same parent tumor but respond differentially to stimulation with phorbol esters. In one of the lines, these agents stimulate a rapid attachment and spreading response and induce directional migration. The other cell line does not migrate in response to stimulation with phorbol esters and the attachment and spreading response is slow. The cell line which responds actively to phorbol ester stimulation is highly malignant when injected into syngeneic animals while the other line is of low tumorigenicity and is virtually non-metastatic. In spite of these differences, both lines were found in the present study to bind [ 3 H]4β-phorbol-12β, 13α-dibutyrate in a receptor-mediated fashion. The characteristics of binding were virtually identical between the two cell lines. In additional studies, arachidonic acid metabolism was examined in the same two lines. In the highly responsive line, PMA stimulated a rapid release of [ 3 H]arachidonic acid and its conversion into cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products. In the less-responsive line, PMA stimulated a slower release of [ 3 H]arachidonic acid from prelabeled cells. The quantity of arachidonic acid metabolites produced was also much less. These studies suggest that the disparity between the two cell lines in their response to phorbol ester stimulation is not the result of differences in the initial interaction between the cells and ligand but may result from alterations in their signal transductance mechanism. This may be the result of inherent differences in capacity for arachidonic acid metabolism.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/42593/1/10585_2004_Article_BF00053473.pd

First-principle solubilities of alkali and alkaline earth metals in Mg-B alloys

By devising a novel framework, we present a comprehensive theoretical study of solubilities of alkali (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) and alkaline earth (Be, Ca, Sr, Ba) metals in the he boron-rich Mg-B system. The study is based on first-principle calculations of solutes formation energies in MgB$_2$, MgB$_4$, MgB$_7$ alloys and subsequent statistical-thermodynamical evaluation of solubilities. The advantage of the approach consists in considering all the known phase boundaries in the ternary phase diagram. Substitutional Na, Ca, and Li demonstrate the largest solubilities, and Na has the highest (0.5-1 % in MgB$_7$ at $T=650-1000$ K). All the considered interstitials have negligible solubilities. The solubility of Be in MgB$_7$ can not be determined because the corresponding low-solubility formation energy is negative indicating the existence of an unknown ternary ground state. We have performed a high-throughput search of ground states in binary Mg-B, Mg-$A$, and B-$A$ systems, and we construct the ternary phase diagrams of Mg-B-$A$ alloys based on the stable binary phases. Despite its high temperature observations, we find that Sr$_{9}$Mg$_{38}$ is not a low-temperature equilibrium structure. We also determine two new possible ground states CaB$_{4}$ and RbB$_{4}$, not yet observed experimentally.Comment: 5 figure

Correlation of cutaneous tension distribution and tissue oxygenation with acute external tissue expansion

Today, the biomechanical fundamentals of skin expansion are based on viscoelastic models of the skin. Although many studies have been conducted in vitro, analyses performed in vivo are rare. Here, we present in vivo measurements of the expansion at the skin surface as well as measurement of the corresponding intracutaneous oxygen partial pressure. In our study the average skin stretching was 24%, with a standard deviation of 11%, excluding age or gender dependency. The measurement of intracutaneous oxygen partial pressure produced strong inter-individual fluctuations, including initial values at the beginning of the measurement, as well as varying individual patient reactions to expansion of the skin. Taken together, we propose that even large defect wounds can be closed successfully using the mass displacement caused by expansion especially in areas where soft, voluminous tissue layers are present

Recent advances in understanding and preventing human papillomavirus-related disease

High-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPV) are responsible for anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers, which together account for at least 5% of cancers worldwide. Industrialised nations have benefitted from highly effective screening for the prevention of cervical cancer in recent decades, yet this vital intervention remains inaccessible to millions of women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), who bear the greatest burden of HPV disease. While there is an urgent need to increase investment in basic health infrastructure and rollout of prophylactic vaccination, there are now unprecedented opportunities to exploit recent scientific and technological advances in screening and treatment of pre-invasive hrHPV lesions and to adapt them for delivery at scale in resource-limited settings. In addition, non-surgical approaches to the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and other hrHPV lesions are showing encouraging results in clinical trials of therapeutic vaccines and antiviral agents. Finally, the use of next-generation sequencing to characterise the vaginal microbial environment is beginning to shed light on host factors that may influence the natural history of HPV infections. In this article, we focus on recent advances in these areas and discuss their potential for impact on HPV disease