Decreased mortality of abdominal aortic aneurysms in a peripheral county

Objectives:To analyse the effect on the mortality associated with abdominal aortic aneurysms, due to the establishment of a decentralised vascular surgical unit in the county of Viborg.Methods:Death after aneurysm repair and from rupture without repair were analysed retrospectively for the 3 year period before (1986–88), and after (1989–91), the unit was established.Results:Between 1986 and 1988, one patient (5%) died after 19 elective and three emergency non-ruptured aneurysm repairs. Only three ruptures were repaired with two deaths. In the county, 41 deaths due to ruptured aneurysm were recorded. Between 1989 and 1991 two patients (4%) died after 26 elective and 27 emergency non-ruptured aneurysm repairs. Nineteen ruptures were repaired with six deaths (32%). In the county, 28 deaths due to rupture were recorded during this period.Conclusions:The establishment of a decentralised vascular surgical unit has increased the proportion of ruptured aneurysms reaching surgery with a resultant decrease in mortality from this condition

Getting behind assessment and learning in secondary school music: A case study approach

The scope of the article is to explore and understand the intertwined connections between teaching, learning and assessment in music as a school subject. Music lessons at a Norwegian lower secondary school are explored through an empirical, methodological design aiming at obtaining valid and reliable information regarding learning and assessment. The article argues that such an understanding requires a thorough understanding of the phenomenon of assessment itself. In addition, the context of music as a school subject has to be included as a framing source to understand the interaction between teaching, learning, and assessment. The discussion suggests that both the phenomenon of assessment and the contexts in focus are highly complex, and the authors argue that an empirical triangulating design is required to account for the given complexity. In particular, the relations between teachers' intentions, classroom practice, and pupils' experiences and perceptions are important aspects in exploring the significance, perils and possibilities of assessment in music. Embracing the considerations made, a single case study design is outlined and discussed. To further explore the fruitfulness of the design, a forthcoming case study is proposed. As such a broad holistic approach is undertaken. The design also provides opportunities to analyse education in a larger social context, since classrooms are arenas where teachers and pupils act with respect to subject matters, school programs, society and cultural expectations