Round Table: Target Groups, Users, Followers, Fans – The Nature and Potential of Social Data in Archaeology

 At the 21st  Cultural Heritage and New Technologies conference (CHNT), which took place from Novembe 16th to 18th 2016 in Vienna, Austria, Carmen Löw organized a round table to discuss first experiences with social data from the use of social media in archaeology. The participants presented two Facebook accounts and one weblog owned by a UNESCO World Heritage, a research project and a private company. So far, social data has received too little attention in archaeology. Regardless of the limitations encountered with a user group with special age, sex and other regulations, social data helps us to understand at least a part of our stakeholders better and to adjust the information we offer in social media to their interests. To communicate in a professional manner, it is mandatory to understand who is on the receiving end of the information transportation process. Tools, all well-known and widely used in the world of economics, are often not affordable for scientific research in humanities and so we could mostly only guess who might be listening to us. Since archaeology is widely present in the internet, and since there are Facebook-accounts, websites and weblogs, it is now possible for us to get some reliable information about our followers and supporters. In this article, we provide basic information on communication, with a special focus on communication in the archaeological field, as well as figures on the current use of the Internet. We present data, possibilities for their interpretations and general observations on users, followers and fans in selected tools from the three examples mentioned above

Remoto ou remotos: a saúde e o uso do território nos municípios rurais brasileiros

OBJECTIVE To characterize remote rural Brazilian municipalities according to their logic of insertion into socio-spatial dynamics, discussing the implications of these characteristics for health policies. METHODS Starting from the category of analysis – the use of the territory – a typology was elaborated, with the delimitation of six clusters. The clusters were compared using socioeconomic data and the distance in minutes to the metropolis, regional capital, and sub-regional center. Mean, standard error and standard deviation of the quantitative variables were calculated, and tests on mean differences were performed. RESULTS The six clusters identified bring together 97.2% of remote rural municipalities and were called: “Matopiba,” “Norte de Minas,” “Vetor Centro-Oeste,” “Semiárido,” “Norte Águas,” and “Norte Estradas.” Differences are observed between the clusters in the analyzed variables, indicating the existence of different realities. Remote rural municipalities of “Norte Águas” and “Norte Estradas” clusters are the most populous, the most extensive and are thousands of kilometers away from urban centers, while those in “Norte de Minas” and “Semiárido” clusters have smaller areas with a distance of about 200 km away from urban centers. The remote rural municipalities of the “Vetor Centro-Oeste” cluster, in turn, are distinguished by a dynamic economy, inserted into the world economic circuit due to the agribusiness. The Family Health Strategy is the predominant model in the organization of primary health care. CONCLUSION Remote rural municipalities are distinguished by their socio-spatial characteristics and insertion into the economic logic, demanding customized health policies. The strategy of building health regions, offering specialized regional services, tends to be more effective in remote rural municipalities closer to urban centers, as long as it is articulated with the health transportation policy. The use of information technology and expansion of the scope of telehealth activities is mandatory to face distances in such scenarios. Comprehensive primary health care with a strong cultural component is key to guaranteeing the right to health for citizens residing in such regions.OBJETIVO Caracterizar os municípios rurais remotos brasileiros segundo suas lógicas de inserção na dinâmica socioespacial, discutindo as implicações dessas características para as políticas de saúde. MÉTODOS Partindo da categoria de análise – o uso do território – elaborou-se uma tipologia, com delimitação de seis clusters . Os clusters foram comparados a partir de dados socioeconômicos e da distância em minutos para a metrópole, capital regional e centro sub-regional. Foram calculados a média, o erro padrão e o desvio padrão das variáveis quantitativas e realizados testes de diferenças de média. RESULTADOS Os seis clusters identificados aglutinam 97,2% dos municípios rurais remotos e foram denominados de: Matopiba; Norte de Minas; vetor Centro-Oeste; Semiárido; Norte Águas; e Norte Estradas. Observam-se diferenças entre os clusters nas variáveis analisadas, indicando a existência de distintas realidades. Os municípios rurais remotos dos clusters Norte Água e Norte Estrada são os mais populosos, mais extensos e distam milhares de quilômetros de centros urbanos, enquanto os do Norte de Minas e do Semiárido tem áreas menores com distância de cerca de 200 km. Por outro lado, os municípios rurais remotos do vetor Centro-Oeste se diferem por uma economia dinâmica, inserida no circuito econômico mundial devido à presença do agronegócio. A Estratégia de Saúde da Família é o modelo predominante na organização da atenção primária à saúde. CONCLUSÃO Os municípios rurais remotos distinguem-se em suas características socioespaciais e de inserção na lógica econômica, demandando políticas de saúde customizadas. A estratégia de construção das regiões de saúde, com oferta de serviços regionais especializados, tende a ser mais efetiva nos municípios rurais remotos mais próximos de centros urbanos, desde que articulada à política de transporte sanitário. O uso de tecnologia de informação e ampliação do escopo das atividades de telessaúde é mandatório para enfrentamento das distâncias em cenários como esse. A atenção primária à saúde integral com forte componente cultural é peça-chave para garantir o direito à saúde para os cidadãos que aí residem

Missed opportunities for serological evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus infection during routine outpatient care at the University Hospital of Brasilia, Federal District

Foram estudados os fatores envolvidos na oferta de sorologia para detectar a infecção pelo vírus de imunodeficiência humana, no atendimento de adultos no ambulatório do Hospital Universitário de Brasília, por meio de aplicação de questionários específicos a 53 médicos e 347 usuários. Os resultados revelaram que 96,8% dos usuários identificaram como fator de risco para adquirir a infecção as relações sexuais desprotegidas e 13,6% desconheciam a possibilidade de transmissão vertical. Em relação à exposição dos usuários aos fatores de risco, 88,2% praticaram relações sexuais desprotegidas, 22,2% tiveram diagnóstico de outras doenças de transmissão sexual e 22,2% tinham recebido transfusões sangüíneas. Os fatores de risco mais questionados pelos médicos foram a prática de relações sexuais desprotegidas e o diagnóstico prévio de hepatite B ou C (35,9% para ambos). Dezoito por cento dos usuários receberam oferta de testes no Hospital Universitário de Brasília; 15,8% foram testados e 7,4% dos indivíduos testados não tiveram acesso ao resultado. Noventa e um por cento dos médicos referiram sentir-se confortáveis ao oferecer testes e apenas 30,4% oferecem-nos rotineiramente. O estudo confirma a perda de oportunidades de testagem sorológica para detectar a infecção no Hospital Universitário de Brasília e reforça a necessidade de implementar medidas para corrigir o problema.The factors involved in the provision of serological testing to detect human immunodeficiency virus infection, for adults within the outpatient care setting at the University Hospital of Brasilia, were studied. Specific questionnaires were applied to 53 physicians and 347 users. The results showed that 96.8% of the users identified unprotected sexual intercourse as a risk factor for acquiring this infection and that 13.6% were unaware of possibility of vertical transmission. Regarding users' exposure to risk factors, 88.2% practiced unprotected sexual intercourse, 22.2% had a diagnosis of other sexually transmitted diseases and 22.2% had received blood transfusions. The risk factors that physicians asked about most frequently were unprotected sexual practices and previous diagnoses of hepatitis B or C (35.9% for each). Eighteen percent of the users had been offered tests at the University Hospital of Brasilia; 15.8% underwent tests and 7.4% of the individuals tested had not had access to the results. Ninety-one percent of the physicians said that they felt comfortable about offering tests, while only 30.4% offered them routinely. The study confirms that opportunities for serological testing to detect this infection at the University Hospital of Brasilia have been missed and reinforces the need to implement measures to correct this problem

Underwater Videogrammetry with Adaptive Feature Detection at "See am Mondsee", Austria

We present a complete, video-based 3d documentation process for the submerged remains of Neolithic pile dwellings at the UNESCO World Heritage Site "See am Mondsee" in Austria. We discuss good practice routines and solutions, such as cable management, supporting the Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV) when strong currents are prevalent, and documentation/record keeping. The recorded site is a Neolithic lake village dating to the 4th millenium BC. Based on initial reconstruction results, we improved the image matching process of our Structure from Motion (SfM) pipeline (built around the free end-user application VisualSFM), by replacing its default feature detector (SiftGPU) with our own implementation of adaptive feature detection. The campaign was accompanied by a German television film crew. Their documentary was shown on the German public television (ARD) broadcast "W wie Wissen"