Movements and social behavior of killer whales (Orcinus orca) off the Brazilian coast

Killer whales (Orcinus orca) are cosmopolitan apex predators that occupy important ecological roles and show some variations in feeding and social habits in coastal and pelagic environments worldwide. Although they have been regularly reported along the Brazilian coastline, their natural history in these tropical and subtropical waters remains poorly understood. Here, we provide new information on group size, behavior, movements and the first assessment of their social structure in Brazilian coast. From 2005 to 2021, 57 new records of sightings were opportunistically observed with estimated group sizes ranging from 1 to 11 individuals (mean = 5.61; SD = 2.91), and 47 individuals were photo-identified—28% adult females, 19% adult males, 19% juveniles, 17% calves and 17% adults of unknown sex. Thirty-one individuals (66%) were sighted just once and sixteen (34%) were resighted more than once (resighting rate = 0.30 ± 0.30 SD). Killer whales were observed feeding on rays four times (two out of which on butterfly rays Gymnura altavela), twice on an unidentified fish school of fish, while attacks on marine mammals were recorded. Between 2020 and 2021, photo-identification results of 11 specific individuals revealed both long and short-distance movements from the southeastern and southern Brazilian coasts to the coast of Uruguay. Individuals seem to be resighted together over time, as suggested by the average half-weight association index (HWI = 0.29 ± 0.19 SD) and a permutation test rejecting the null hypothesis of random association (CVreal = 0.67 > CVmean = 0.01, pCV = 1.00), forming small groups of mixed age-sex that engage in both short- and long-term associations. These patterns suggest that they could form stable social units that also experience some degree of fission-fusion dynamics. While the nature of the opportunistic data hinders a definitive portrayal of the social structure of killer whales using the Brazilian coastal waters, these novel insights contribute to mapping the socio-ecology and behavioral diversity of one of the most widely distributed mammals

[Recital para guitarra]

Cinta 1: obras de Luis de Narváez, Enríquez de Valderrábano, Alonso Mudarra y Francisco Guerau -- Cinta 2: obras de Jorge Gómez Crespo, Simón Tapia y Manuel María Ponce -- Cinta 3: obras de Heitor Villa-Lobos y Manuel María Ponc

Oxidative stress fuels Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice

Oxidative damage contributes to microbe elimination during macrophage respiratory burst. Nuclear factor, erythroid-derived 2, like 2 (NRF2) orchestrates antioxidant defenses, including the expression of heme-oxygenase–1 (HO-1). Unexpectedly, the activation of NRF2 and HO-1 reduces infection by a number of pathogens, although the mechanism responsible for this effect is largely unknown. We studied Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice in which NRF2/HO-1 was induced with cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP). CoPP reduced parasitemia and tissue parasitism, while an inhibitor of HO-1 activity increased T. cruzi parasitemia in blood. CoPP-induced effects did not depend on the adaptive immunity, nor were parasites directly targeted. We also found that CoPP reduced macrophage parasitism, which depended on NRF2 expression but not on classical mechanisms such as apoptosis of infected cells, induction of type I IFN, or NO. We found that exogenous expression of NRF2 or HO-1 also reduced macrophage parasitism. Several antioxidants, including NRF2 activators, reduced macrophage parasite burden, while pro-oxidants promoted it. Reducing the intracellular labile iron pool decreased parasitism, and antioxidants increased the expression of ferritin and ferroportin in infected macrophages. Ferrous sulfate reversed the CoPP-induced decrease in macrophage parasite burden and, given in vivo, reversed their protective effects. Our results indicate that oxidative stress contributes to parasite persistence in host tissues and open a new avenue for the development of anti–T. cruzi drugs

Récital de guitare n ° 1 / Alirio Diaz

Titre uniforme : [Études. Guitare. No 1. Mi mineur]Titre uniforme : [Chôros. No 1]Comprend : GAGLIARDA E CORRENTE / Frescobaldi - ARIA CON VARIAZIONI / Frescobaldi - Prélude et fugue pour luth et ré majeur / J. S. Bach - Etude n ° 1 / Heitor Villa-Lobos - DANZA PARAGUAYA / Agustin Barrios - CHORO n ° 1 / H. Villa-Lobos - NORTENA / Jorge Gomez Crespo - Valse vénézuélienne / Raul Borges - EL TESTAMENTO DE AMELIA / Miguel Llobet SolesBnF-Partenariats, Collection sonore - BelieveContient une table des matière

Otro título: Obras de clásicos españoles e hispanoamericanos

Intérpretes: Miguel RubioMadrid, Instituto de Cultura Hispánica. Sábado, 18 de febrero a las siete y cuarto de la tardeCinta 1: Canarios / Gaspar Sanz – Min. 02.04: Aplausos – Min. 02.44: Biancafiore / Vicente Galileo – Min. 05.10: Aplausos – Min. 05.25: Saltarello / Vicente Galileo – Min. 08.49: Aplausos – Min. 09.18: Fantasía / Alonso de Mudarra -- 12.16: Aplausos – Min. 12.53: Sonata / Scarlatti – Min. 15.02: Aplausos – Min. 15.41: Vals, op. 39 / Johannes Brahms – Min. 19.28: Aplausos – Min. 19.55: Variaciones en un tema de Mozart op.9 / Fernando Sor – Min. 26.06: Aplausos – Min. 26.18: Preludio nº2 / Francisco Tárrega – Min. 27.51: Francisco Tárrega – Min. 30.36: Aplausos -- Cinta 2: Carnavalito – Min. 01.47: Aplausos – Min. 01.55: Vals criollo / Antonio Lauro – Min. 04.13: Aplausos – Min. 04.26: Aire del Caribe / Raúl Borges – Min. 07.45: Aplausos – Min. 07.59: Norteña / J. Gómez Crespo – Min. 10.40: Aplausos – Min. 10.53: Choros nº1 / Heitor Villa-Lobos—Min. 14.25: Aplausos – Min. 15.10: Valse / M. Ponce – Min. 18.05: Aplausos – Min. 18.19: Colibirí / Sagreras – Min. 19.37: Aplausos – Min. 19.52: Danza paraguaya / Agustín Barrios – Min. 22.40: Aplausos – Min. 23.01: Fandanguillo / Moreno Torroba – Min. 24.57: Aplausos – Min. 25.05: Danza X / E. Granados – Min. 29.13: Aplausos – Min. 29.23: Asturias / Isaac Albéniz – Min. 30.37: Falta contenido

RECITAL DE GUITARE / John WILLIAMS, guitare

Titre uniforme : [Études. Guitare. No 1. Mi mineur]Titre uniforme : [Torre Bermeja. Op. 92, no 12]Comprend : VARIATIONS SUR UN THEME DE MOZART OP. 9 / Fernando SOR - ORAISON / Andrès SEGOVIA - ETUDE / Andrès SEGOVIA - HUMORESQUE / Paquita MADRIGUERA - BARCAROLLE / Alexandre TANSMAN - LA MAJA DE GOYA / Enrique GRANADOS - transcription de Miguel LLOBET - VALSE CREOLE / Antonio LAURO - TORRE BERMEJA / Isaac ALBENIZ - TROIS CHANTS POPULAIRES MEXICAINS ("La Pajarera" - "Por ti mi corazon" - "La Valentina") / Manuel PONCE - ETUDE N °1 EN MI MINEUR / Heitor VILLA-LOBOS - MORTENA / GOMEZ CRESPO - VARIATIONS SUR UN CHANT POPULAIRE CATALAN OP. 25 ("Canco del Llabre") / John W. DUARTEBnF-Partenariats, Collection sonore - BelieveContient une table des matière

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data