A Robust and Efficient Face Recognition System based on Luminance Distribution using Maximum Likelihood

[[abstract]]In this paper, a robust and efficient face recognition system based on luminance distribution by using maximum likelihood estimation is proposed. The distribution of luminance components of the face region is acquired and applied to maximum likelihood test for face matching. The experimental results showed that the proposed method has a high recognition rate and requires less computation time.[[conferencetype]]國際[[conferencedate]]20121102~20121106[[iscallforpapers]]Y[[conferencelocation]]Kaohsiung, Taiwa

Predictors of intra-abdominal coagulopathic hemorrhage after living donor liver transplantation

AbstractBackgroundResults of preoperative conventional coagulation assays are a poor predictor of hemorrhage after liver transplantation. In this study, we evaluated the factors that are predictive of intra-abdominal coagulopathic hemorrhage after living donor liver transplantation surgery.MethodsDuring the period from January 2009 to December 2012, 118 adults underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in our institution. Of those patients, 18 (15.3%) developed intra-abdominal coagulopathic hemorrhage (n = 7) or hemorrhage due to non-coagulopathic causes (n = 11) that required emergency medical, radiological, or surgical intervention within the first month after LDLT. Possible predictors of postoperative coagulopathic hemorrhage included donor-related factors, age, body mass index, MELD score, INR value, intra-operative blood transfusion, graft/recipient weight ratio, anhepatic phase, cold ischemia time, operative time, APACHE II score, onset of re-bleeding, and hemoglobin levels during rebleeding episodes.ResultsThere were no differences in any of the variables between the two groups (coagulopathic and noncoagulopathic hemorrhage) except for cold ischemia time. We found that cold ischemia time was significantly longer in patients with postoperative coagulopathic hemorrhage (160.50 ± 45.02 min) than in patients with hemorrhage due to non-coagulopathic causes (113.55 ± 29.31 min; P = 0.027).ConclusionProlonged cold ischemia time is associated with postoperative intra-abdominal coagulopathic hemorrhage in patients after LDLT. It is, therefore, necessary to shorten the cold ischemia time in order to reduce the risk of postoperative intra-abdominal hemorrhage due to coagulopathic causes

Purification and differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells by membrane filtration and membrane migration methods

Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are easily isolated from fat tissue without ethical concerns, but differ in purity, pluripotency, differentiation ability, and stem cell marker expression, depending on the isolation method. We isolated hADSCs from a primary fat tissue solution using: (1) conventional culture, (2) a membrane filtration method, (3) a membrane migration method where the primary cell solution was permeated through membranes, adhered hADSCs were cultured, and hADSCs migrated out from the membranes. Expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers and pluripotency genes, and osteogenic differentiation were compared for hADSCs isolated by different methods using nylon mesh filter membranes with pore sizes ranging from 11 to 80 μm. hADSCs isolated by the membrane migration method had the highest MSC surface marker expression and efficient differentiation into osteoblasts. Osteogenic differentiation ability of hADSCs and MSC surface marker expression were correlated, but osteogenic differentiation ability and pluripotent gene expression were not

Stem cell culture on polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels having different elasticity and immobilized with ECM-derived oligopeptides

The physical characteristics of cell culture materials, such as their elasticity, affect stem cell fate with respect to cell proliferation and differentiation. We systematically investigated the morphologies and characteristics of several stem cell types, including human amniotic-derived stem cells, human hematopoietic stem cells, human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, and embryonic stem (ES) cells on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels immobilized with and without extracellular matrix-derived oligopeptide. Human ES cells did not adhere well to soft PVA hydrogels immobilized with oligovitronectin, whereas they did adhere well to PVA hydrogel dishes with elasticities greater than 15 kPa. These results indicate that biomaterials such as PVA hydrogels should be designed to possess minimum elasticity to facilitate human ES cell attachment. PVA hydrogels immobilized with and without extracellular matrix-derived oligopeptides are excellent candidates of cell culture biomaterials for investigations into how cell culture biomaterial elasticity affects stem cell culture and differentiation

Survival Analysis of Buccal Cancer and its Affecting Factors in a Medical Center of Central Taiwan

[[abstract]]Background? Oral Cancer has been one of the top ten cancer diseases in Taiwan. It has become the fourth common cancer found especially in men. Moreover, the mortality rate of buccal cancer is rising higher yearly . Study objective? The purpose of this buccal cancer study was to determine the factors which affect to survival rate and the survival rate after 0.5-year ?1-year,1.5-year,2-year,2.5-year and 3-year treatments. Methods? We retrospectively analyzed the records of 317 buccal cancer cases which were collected from 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2006 at Taichung some Medical Center Hospital. The following factors were analyzed: the patient survival of 0.5 -year,1-year,1.5-year,2-year,2.5-year and 3-year treatments, and their age, gender, Tumor site, lymph node involvement, presence of distant metastasis, cancer stage, histological differentiation, operation, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and some risk factors, such as betel quid chewing, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption. Results? Men made up 97.5% of those patients (309 patients), and only 2.5% of them were women (8 patients). The male to female rate was to 38.63:1. The average age of male patients was 52.8 years old, and 60.5 years old for female patients. Kaplan-Meier Analysis and with Log -Rank Test to were used investigate all the related diagnosis and treatment records, We can find out eight variables were found to significantly affect survival: tumor size, lymph node involvement, cancer stage, histological differentiation, lymph node dissection, chemotherapy, treat ment methods, oral habits (all p<0.05,Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank test). According to the analysis of Proportional Hazard Model , there are two main factors that affect the survival rate of buccal cancer patients. These two factors are clinical stage and treatment methods , This study found that recurrence rate is 11.6% and the distant metastasis rate is 8.8%. From the point of view of the clinical period, the less serious of the clinical period, the higher the survival rate. The recurrent rate of this study was 11.4%. The 1-year survival was 86.9%?85.2%?79.7%,and 89.8% for patients with stage?,?,?,?. The 2-year survival was 75.0%?73.5%?70.0% and 59.3% for patients with stage?,?,?,?.The 3-year survival was 62.6%?56.3%?59.0%,39.8% for patients with stage?,?,?,?. On the other hand, from the point of treatment methods, the survival was 80.1%?65.0%?47.5% for patients with operations. If the patients are under treatments, the survival rate is highest within the first half year, no matter of their clinical period or treatment methods .The first dangerous period is between the first half and first year. The second dangerous period is between the first year and the second and half years. And the tendency of death after the one and a half year is getting stable. Conclusion: The highest death rate of buccal cancer patient is after half to 1.5 years therapy. Therefore, it?s necessary to track the follow-up intensively. The survival rate is getting stable after one and a half year therapy

The Graphics Compiling of Plane Surveying and Interface to CAD/GIS

數值地形資料具有易於儲存，存取方便以及利於分析等優點。地理資訊系 統結合計算機圖學(Computer Graphhics)使得數值地形資料更易於顯示與 輸出。本研究目的在探討如何利用電子經緯儀建立數值地形編繪系統，并 考慮獲得資料之對外相容性與可交換性，即與目前實用上較為著名之應用 軟體系統配合達到資源共享的目的。研究建立之程式包含電子經緯儀之操 作與連線程式、資料分類整理程式、等高線計算程式、圖形顯示程式及資 料格式轉換程式等一連串程式。國內目前正致力於國土資訊系統之建立， 在小區域時以使用電子經緯儀將現地資料數位化為最方便之方法，因此嘗 試自行建立測量處理程式，以配合自己使用需要，為本文之研究重點與努 力目標

The Empirical Study of Long Memory for Taiwan Stock Returns

In recent years, long memory in financial time series has gained considerable attention in the fields of economical and financial studies. However, previous empirical researches on the long memory of different foreign stock market are not consistent in their results. Taiwan stock market is newly developed and has relatively few local researches on the long memory. The present paper, therefore, empirically investigate whether long memory exists in the first moment and second moment time series of the Taiwan stock returns. In testing long memory, the present paper adopts fractal theory's methodologies: R/S analysis, GPH test, modified R/S analysis and FIGARCH model. Firstly, the long memory testing is applied to the first moment of the stock return time series. The results of the testing would then be used to construct an ARMA-FIGARCH model in order to explore the long memory effect in the volatility of the stock return time series.The research results indicated that long memory does not exist in the first moment of Taiwan stock returns. However, the second moment possesses significant long memory effect. Therefore, investors can hedge or speculate by forecasting future volatilities from the historical data.金融時間序列的緩長記憶近年來已受到經濟、金融領域學者高度關注，但先前的國外學者對各國股票資料進行緩長記憶之實證研究並無一致結果。由於台灣屬於新興的股票市場，但觀看國內相關研究並不多，因而本文利用實證研究分析台灣八大類股指數與加權股價指數報酬率之時間序列的一階動差與二階動差是否存在緩長記憶之現象。本研究使用碎形理論中用來檢驗緩長記憶之方法︰傳統R/S分析、GPH檢定、修正R/S分析與FIGARCH模型。第一階段先對股價報酬率時間序列之ㄧ階動差進行緩長記憶之檢驗；第二階段則依第一階段的檢定結果建立ARMA-FIGARCH模型，探討報酬率序列之波動性的緩長記憶。研究結果顯示，台灣八大類股指數與加權股價指數報酬率之ㄧ階動差並無顯著之緩長記憶現象，然而在二階動差卻存在顯著的緩長記憶特性。因此，投資人可利用歷史資料預測未來之波動性，並據此避險或取得投機利潤。目錄 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的 2 第三節 研究流程 3 第二章 文獻探討 5 第一節 效率市場假說 5 第二節 碎形理論與碎形市場假說 7 第三節 緩長記憶理論背景及相關研究 8 第四節 股市緩長記憶之相關實證研究 12 第五節 文獻檢討與研究方向 29 第三章 研究方法 31 第一節 研究架構 31 第二節 恆定性檢定 33 第三節 R/S分析法 36 第四節 ARFIMA模型與GPH檢定 40 第五節 FIGARCH模型 43 第六節 模型設定 46 第四章 實證分析 48 第一節 研究對象與研究期間 48 第二節 樣本敘述統計之分析 49 第三節 恆定性檢定 49 第四節 台灣加權股價指數及八大類股股價報酬率之一階動差緩長記憶 51 第五節 台灣加權股價指數及八大類股股價報酬率之二階動差緩長記憶 53 第五章 研究結論與建議 61 第一節 結論 61 第二節 研究建議 62 參考文獻 64 附錄.......... 71 表次 表2-1 股價緩長記憶相關研究之文獻整理 20 表3-1 Hurst指數範圍與其數列之關係 38 表3-2 修正的R/S分析的漸進臨界值 39 表4-1 八大類股指數類別、代碼、採樣範圍 48 表4-2 變數、研究期間、資料型態及來源 48 表4-3 2000/01/05~2007/12/31八大類股股價報酬率的敘述統計 49 表4-4 台灣加權股價指數及八大類股價報酬率的單根檢定 50 表4-5 台灣加權股價指數及八大類股價報酬率之傳統R/S分析與修正的R/S分析 51 表4-6 台灣加權股價指數及八大類股價報酬率之GPH檢定 52 表4-7 台灣加權股價指數及八大類股股價報酬率的ARMA-FIGARCH模型-平均數迴歸式 54 表4-8 台灣加權股價指數及八大類股股價報酬率的ARMA-FIGARCH模型-變異數迴歸式 56 表4-9 台灣加權股價指數及八大類股股價報酬率之ARMA-FIGARCH模型彙總 60 圖次 圖 1-1 研究流程 4 圖 3-1 研究架構 3