3,445 research outputs found
Ensemble Density Functional Theory for Inhomogeneous Fractional Quantum Hall Systems
The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) occurs at certain magnetic field
strengths B*(n) in a two-dimensional electron gas of density n at strong
magnetic fields perpendicular to the plane of the electron gas. At these
magnetic fields strengths, the system is incompressible, i.e., there is a
finite cost in energy for creating charge density fluctuations in the bulk,
while the boundary of the electron gas has gapless modes of density waves. The
bulk energy gap arises because of the strong electron-electron interactions.
While there are very good models for infinite homogeneous systems and for the
gapless excitations of the boundary of the electron gas, computational methods
to accurately model finite, inhomogeneous systems with more then about ten
electrons have not been available until very recently. We will here review an
ensemble density functional approach to studying the ground state of large
inhomogeneous spin polarized FQHE systems.Comment: 23 pages (revtex), 6 Postscript figures. To be published in Int. J.
Quant. Chem. (invited talk at the 1996 Sanibel Symposium
Phylogenetic analysis of the SAP30 family of transcriptional regulators reveals functional divergence in the domain that binds the nuclear matrix
Background: Deacetylation of histones plays a fundamental role in gene silencing, and this is mediated by a corepressor complex containing Sin3 as an essential scaffold protein. In this report we examine the evolution of two proteins in this complex, the Sin3-associated proteins SAP30L and SAP30, by using an archive of protein sequences from 62 species.Results: Our analysis indicates that in tetrapods SAP30L is more similar than SAP30 to the ancestral protein, and the two copies in this group originated by gene duplication which occurred after the divergence of Actinopterygii and Sarcopterygii about 450 million years ago (Mya). The phylogenetic analysis and biochemical experiments suggest that SAP30 has diverged functionally from the ancestral SAP30L by accumulating mutations that have caused attenuation of one of the original functions, association with the nuclear matrix. This function is mediated by a nuclear matrix association sequence, which consists of a conserved motif in the C-terminus and the adjacent nucleolar localization signal (NoLS).Conclusion: These results add further insight into the evolution and function of proteins of the SAP30 family, which share many characteristic with nuclear scaffolding proteins that are intimately involved in regulation of gene expression. Furthermore, SAP30L seems essential to eukaryotic biology, as it is found in animals, plants, fungi, as well as some taxa of unicellular eukaryotes
Ashes for organic farming
Nowadays only eight percent of the cultivated field area is used for organic farming. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry has published the guidelines for the program of organic farming to diversify the supply and the consumption of organic food. The aim is to increase organically arable land to 20% by the year 2020.The demand of organic fertilizer products is strongly increasing. Interest in forestry by-products (ash, bark, zero fiber, etc.) for use in organic production has recently been exceptionally high. For example, development of pelleted fertilizers with zero fiber, ash and a nitrogen-containing fertilizer material is in progress.The ash fertilizer contains many valuable nutrients in fairly optimal ratios: these include phosphorus, potassium, manganese, magnesium, sulfur, zinc, calcium, boron, cobalt, copper and smaller amounts of other trace elements. Ashes contain phosphorus in large amounts, which is useful in organic production. More important nutrients than phosphorus and potassium are apparently trace elements. Neutralizing value of the ash is quite rapid comparedto many liming materials allowed in organic farming. The price quality ratio of ash as a liming material is also good.The use of clean wood ash is permissible in organic production. Peat and straw ash cannot be used in organic production because of the fact that in the EU peat is not considered a renewable resource. Restrictions include only inputs from outside of the organic farm
Mesoscopic transport beyond linear response
We present an approach to steady-state mesoscopic transport based on the
maximum entropy principle formulation of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics.
Our approach is not limited to the linear response regime. We show that this
approach yields the quantization observed in the integer quantum Hall effect at
large currents, which until now has been unexplained. We also predict new
behaviors of non-local resistances at large currents in the presence of dirty
contacts.Comment: 14 pages plus one figure (with an insert) (post-script codes
appended), RevTeX 3.0, UCF-CM-93-004 (Revised
Instability and wavelength selection during step flow growth of metal surfaces vicinal to fcc(001)
We study the onset and development of ledge instabilities during growth of
vicinal metal surfaces using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. We observe the
formation of periodic patterns at [110] close packed step edges on surfaces
vicinal to fcc(001) under realistic molecular beam epitaxy conditions. The
corresponding wavelength and its temperature dependence are studied by
monitoring the autocorrelation function for step edge position. Simulations
suggest that the ledge instability on fcc(1,1,m) vicinal surfaces is controlled
by the strong kink Ehrlich-Schwoebel barrier, with the wavelength determined by
dimer nucleation at the step edge. Our results are in agreement with recent
continuum theoretical predictions, and experiments on Cu(1,1,17) vicinal
surfaces.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, RevTe
Asumismenojen huomioon ottaminen toimeentulotuessa ja yleinen toimeentulotukitilanne kunnissa ja kuntayhtymissä syksyllä 2009
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Modelling Hen Harrier Dynamics to Inform Human-Wildlife Conflict Resolution : A Spatially-Realistic, Individual-Based Approach
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Scaling Approach to the Phase Diagram of Quantum Hall Systems
We present a simple classification of the different liquid and solid phases
of quantum Hall systems in the limit where the Coulomb interaction between the
electrons is significant, i.e. away from integral filling factors. This
classification, and a criterion for the validity of the mean-field
approximation in the charge-density-wave phase, is based on scaling arguments
concerning the effective interaction potential of electrons restricted to an
arbitrary Landau level. Finite-temperature effects are investigated within the
same formalism, and a good agreement with recent experiments is obtained.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures; to be published in Europhys. Lett.; new version
contains more detailed description of finite-temperature effect
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