¿Por qué se denuncian delitos patrimoniales ante la policía? Una evaluación empírica para el Perú

Abstract Peru has not only one of the highest victimization rates in Latin America (24%), but also the lowest rate of reported crimes (15%) (Latinobarometro, 2016) The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of the crimes and the characteristics of the individuals that predict the decision of reporting four different property crimes (burglary, auto theft, auto parts theft, and motorcycle theft). To this end, a seven-year survey of households at the national level in Peru was used (2010-2016). The estimations were made using multilevel mixed effects logistics regression, in order to control for characteristics of the environment that also influence the decision to report. Use of a weapon by the criminal is the factor that most increases the probability of reporting any of the four assessed crimes. Repeated victimization is also an important predictor, although for a lower number of crimes. Trust in the police is not associated to the decision to report. This is the first study to quantitatively analyze the factors that affect the decision to report in Peru. Its results are useful for a better understanding of the low reporting rates in the country.Resumo O Peru não apenas tem uma das taxas mais altas de vitimização em América Latina (24%), mas também a mais baixa em crimes denunciados (15%) (Latinobarómetro, 2016). Neste trabalho, o objetivo foi identificar as características do crime e as características individuais que predizem a decisão de denunciar quatro diferentes crimes patrimoniais (furto de casa, carro, autopeças e motocicleta). Para isso, foram utilizados sete anos de dados de uma pesquisa domiciliar nacional no Peru (2010-2016). As estimativas foram feitas usando regressão logística multinível de efeitos mistos a fim de controlar as características ambientais que também influenciam na decisão de denunciar. O uso de arma de fogo pelo delinquente é o fator que aumenta em maior proporção a probabilidade de denúncia de qualquer um dos quatro crimes avaliados. A vitimização repetida também é um indicador importante, embora para menos crimes. A confiança na polícia não está associada à decisão de denunciar. Este estudo é o primeiro a analisar quantitativamente os fatores que afetam a decisão de denunciar no Peru. Seus resultados são úteis para um melhor entendimento da taxa baixa de denúncias no país.Resumen Perú no solo tiene una de las mayores tasas de victimización en Latinoamérica (24%), sino también la menor en delitos denunciados (15%) (Latinobarómetro, 2016). En este trabajo, el objetivo fue identificar las características del crimen y las características individuales que predicen la decisión de denunciar cuatro delitos patrimoniales distintos (robo de hogares, de auto, de autopartes y de moto). Para ello, se emplearon siete años de una encuesta de hogares a nivel nacional en Perú (2010-2016). Las estimaciones se realizaron mediante regresión logística multinivel de efectos mixtos a fin de controlar las características del ambiente que también influyen en la decisión de denuncia. El uso de arma de parte del delincuente es el factor que eleva en mayor proporción la probabilidad de denunciar cualquiera de los cuatro delitos evaluados. La victimización reiterada es también un predictor importante, aunque para menos delitos. La confianza en la policía no está asociada a la decisión de denunciar. Este estudio es el primero que analiza cuantitativamente los factores que afectan la decisión de denunciar en el Perú. Sus resultados son útiles para un mejor entendimiento de la baja tasa de denuncias en el país

Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample

The study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (for example, the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (for example, the trolley problem). Our knowledge is limited concerning both the universality of these effects outside the United States and the impact of culture on the situational and psychological factors affecting moral judgements. Thus, we empirically tested the universality of the effects of intent and personal force on moral dilemma judgements by replicating the experiments of Greene et al. in 45 countries from all inhabited continents. We found that personal force and its interaction with intention exert influence on moral judgements in the US and Western cultural clusters, replicating and expanding the original findings. Moreover, the personal force effect was present in all cultural clusters, suggesting it is culturally universal. The evidence for the cultural universality of the interaction effect was inconclusive in the Eastern and Southern cultural clusters (depending on exclusion criteria). We found no strong association between collectivism/individualism and moral dilemma judgements

Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample.

From PubMed via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2019-04-15, accepted 2022-02-14Publication status: aheadofprintThe study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (for example, the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (for example, the trolley problem). Our knowledge is limited concerning both the universality of these effects outside the United States and the impact of culture on the situational and psychological factors affecting moral judgements. Thus, we empirically tested the universality of the effects of intent and personal force on moral dilemma judgements by replicating the experiments of Greene et al. in 45 countries from all inhabited continents. We found that personal force and its interaction with intention exert influence on moral judgements in the US and Western cultural clusters, replicating and expanding the original findings. Moreover, the personal force effect was present in all cultural clusters, suggesting it is culturally universal. The evidence for the cultural universality of the interaction effect was inconclusive in the Eastern and Southern cultural clusters (depending on exclusion criteria). We found no strong association between collectivism/individualism and moral dilemma judgements. [Abstract copyright: © 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

Publisher correction: Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample

Correction to: Nature Human Behaviour https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01319-5, published online 14 April 2022

Publisher Correction: Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample.

From PubMed via Jisc Publications RouterPublication status: aheadofprin

Publisher correction:Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample

Correction to: Nature Human Behaviour https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01319-5, published online 14 April 2022