1,007 research outputs found
Association Between Empathy and Burnout Among Emergency Medicine Physicians
Background:
The association between physician self-reported empathy and burnout has been studied in the past with diverse findings. We aimed to determine the association between empathy and burnout among United States emergency medicine (EM) physicians using a novel combination of tools for validation.
Methods:
This was a prospective single-center observational study. Data were collected from EM physicians. From December 1, 2018 to January 31, 2019, we used the Jefferson scale of empathy (JSE) to assess physician empathy and the Copenhagen burnout inventory (CBI) to assess burnout. We divided EM physicians into different groups (residents in each year of training, junior/senior attendings). Empathy, burnout scores and their association were analyzed and compared among these groups.
Results:
A total of 33 attending physicians and 35 EM residents participated in this study. Median self-reported empathy scores were 113 (interquartile range (IQR): 105 - 117) in post-graduate year (PGY)-1, 112 (90 - 115) in PGY-2, 106 (93 - 118) in PGY-3 EM residents, 112 (105 - 116) in junior and 114 (101 - 125) in senior attending physicians. Overall burnout scores were 43 (33 - 50) in PGY-1, 51 (29 - 56) in PGY-2, 43 (42 - 53) in PGY-3 EM residents, 33 (24 - 47) in junior attending and 25 (22 - 53) in senior attending physicians separately. The Spearman correlation (Ï) was -0.11 and ÎČ-weight was -0.23 between empathy and patient-related burnout scores.
Conclusion:
Self-reported empathy declines over the course of EM residency training and improves after graduation. Overall high burnout occurs among EM residents and improves after graduation. Our analysis showed a weak negative correlation between self-reported empathy and patient-related burnout among EM physicians
Postpartum Prolapsed Leiomyoma with Uterine Inversion Managed by Vaginal Hysterectomy
Background. Uterine inversion is a rare, but life threatening, obstetrical emergency which occurs when the uterine fundus collapses into the endometrial cavity. Various conservative and surgical therapies have been outlined in the literature for the management of uterine inversions. Case. We present a case of a chronic, recurrent uterine inversion, which was diagnosed following spontaneous vaginal delivery and recurred seven weeks later. The uterine inversion was likely due to a leiomyoma. This late-presenting, chronic, recurring uterine inversion was treated with a vaginal hysterectomy. Conclusion. Uterine inversions can occur in both acute and chronic phases. Persistent vaginal bleeding with the appearance of a prolapsing fibroid should prompt further investigation for uterine inversion and may require surgical therapy. A vaginal hysterectomy may be an appropriate management option in select populations and may be considered in women who do not desire to maintain reproductive function
Does electronic consent improve the logistics and uptake of hpv vaccination in adolescent girls? A mixed methods theory informed evaluation of an intervention
Abstract
Background Technological solutions may improve the logistics of obtaining parental consent in school-based immunisation programmes. In 2018/19 a health care organisation in London, England, piloted an electronic consent intervention in the adolescent girlsâ HPV vaccination programme. We conducted a mixed-methods evaluation to examine the usability and acceptability of the intervention and assess its impact on consent form returns and HPV vaccine uptake. Methods The intervention was implemented in 14 secondary schools in seven South London boroughs. Each e-consent school was matched with a school that used standard paper consent. Matching was based on location and the proportion of students: i. with English as a second language, ii. receiving free school meals (socio-economic status proxy). Consent form return rates and HPV vaccine uptake were compared quantitatively between intervention and matched schools. Data from immunisation session observations (n=7), school feedback forms (n=14), individual and group interviews with implementers (n=8), parents and adolescents (n=12) and a focus group discussion with adolescents was analysed thematically to document userâs experiences investigate the implementation of the intervention. Results HPV vaccination uptake did not differ between e-consent and matched paper consent schools, but timely consent form return was significantly lower in the e-consent schools (73.3% (n=11) vs 91.6% (n=11), p=0.008). The transition to using the system was not straightforward, whilst schools and staff understood the potential benefits, they found it difficult to adapt to new ways of working which removed some level of control from schools. Part of the reason for lower consent form return in e-consent schools was that some parents found the intervention difficult to access and use. Adolescents highlighted the potential for e-consent interventions to by-pass their information needs. Conclusions The e-consent intervention did not improve consent form return or vaccine uptake due to challenges encountered in transitioning to a new way of working. New technologies require embedding before they become incorporated in everyday practice. The intervention is undergoing further iterative development to improve its usability, ensure schools are appropriately involved and adolescents receive tailored immunisation information. A re-evaluation once stakeholders are accustomed to e-consent may be required to understand its impact.</jats:p
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Early-Life Outcomes in Relation to Social Determinants of Health for Children Born Extremely Preterm.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the relationships between social determinants of health (SDOH) and outcomes for children born extremely preterm. STUDY DESIGN: This is a cohort study of infants born at 22-26 weeks of gestation in National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network centers (2006-2017) who survived to discharge. Infants were classified by 3 maternal SDOH: education, insurance, and race. Outcomes included postmenstrual age (PMA) at discharge, readmission, neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI), and death postdischarge. Regression analyses adjusted for center, perinatal characteristics, neonatal morbidity, ethnicity, and 2 SDOH (eg, group comparisons by education adjusted for insurance and race). RESULTS: Of 7438 children, 5442 (73%) had at least 1 risk-associated SDOH. PMA at discharge was older (adjusted mean difference 0.37 weeks, 95% CL 0.06, 0.68) and readmission more likely (aOR 1.27, 95% CL 1.12, 1.43) for infants whose mothers had public/no insurance vs private. Neither PMA at discharge nor readmission varied by education or race. NDI was twice as likely (aOR 2.36, 95% CL 1.86, 3.00) and death 5 times as likely (aOR 5.22, 95% CL 2.54, 10.73) for infants with 3 risk-associated SDOH compared with those with none. CONCLUSIONS: Children born to mothers with public/no insurance were older at discharge and more likely to be readmitted than those born to privately insured mothers. NDI and death postdischarge were more common among children exposed to multiple risk-associated SDOH at birth compared with those not exposed. Addressing disparities due to maternal education, insurance coverage, and systemic racism are potential intervention targets to improve outcomes for children born preterm
Antitumor activity and safety of the PARP inhibitor rucaparib in patients with high grade ovarian carcinoma and a germline or somatic BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation: integrated analysis of data from Study 10 and ARIEL2
Objective:
An integrated analysis was undertaken to characterize the antitumor activity and safety profile of the oral poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor rucaparib in patients with relapsed high-grade ovarian carcinoma (HGOC).
Methods:
Eligible patients from Study 10 (NCT01482715) and ARIEL2 (NCT01891344) who received a starting dose of oral rucaparib 600 mg twice daily (BID) with or without food were included in these analyses. The integrated efficacy population included patients with HGOC and a deleterious germline or somatic BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) mutation who received at least two prior chemotherapies and were sensitive, resistant, or refractory to platinum-based chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed confirmed objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included duration of response (DOR) and progression-free survival (PFS). The integrated safety population included patients with HGOC who received at least one dose of rucaparib 600 mg BID, irrespective of BRCA1/2 mutation status and prior treatments.
Results:
In the efficacy population (n = 106), ORR was 53.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43.8â63.5); 8.5% and 45.3% of patients achieved complete and partial responses, respectively. Median DOR was 9.2 months (95% CI, 6.6â11.6). In the safety population (n = 377), the most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) were nausea, asthenia/fatigue, vomiting, and anemia/hemoglobin decreased. The most common grade â„ 3 treatment-emergent AE was anemia/hemoglobin decreased. Treatment-emergent AEs led to treatment interruption, dose reduction, and treatment discontinuation in 58.6%, 45.9%, and 9.8% of patients, respectively. No treatment-related deaths occurred.
Conclusions:
Rucaparib has antitumor activity in advanced BRCA1/2-mutated HGOC and a manageable safety profile
Effect of pain on mood affective disorders in adults with cerebral palsy
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155961/1/dmcn14559_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155961/2/dmcn14559.pd
Climate change alterations to ecosystem dominance: how might sponge-dominated reefs function?
Anthropogenic stressors are impacting ecological systems across the world. Of particular concern are the recent rapid changes occurring in coral reef systems. With ongoing degradation from both local and global stressors, future reefs are likely to function differently to current coral-dominated ecosystems. Determining key attributes of future reef states is critical to reliably predict outcomes for ecosystem service provision. Here we explore the impacts of changing sponge dominance on coral reefs. Qualitative modelling of reef futures suggests that changing sponge dominance due to increased sponge abundance will have different outcomes for other trophic levels compared with increased sponge dominance as a result of declining coral abundance. By exploring uncertainty in the model outcomes we identify the need to: i) quantify changes in carbon flow through sponges, ii) determine the importance of food limitation for sponges, iii) assess the ubiquity of the recently described 'sponge loop', iv) determine the competitive relationships between sponges and other benthic taxa, particularly algae, and v) understand how changing dominance of other organisms alters trophic pathways and energy flows through ecosystems. Addressing these knowledge gaps will facilitate development of more complex models that assess functional attributes of sponge-dominated reef ecosystems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
The extended tails of Palomar 5: A ten degree arc of globular cluster tidal debris
Using wide-field photometric data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) we
recently showed that the Galactic globular cluster Palomar 5 is in the process
of being tidally disrupted. Its tidal tails were initially detected in a 2.5
degree wide band along the celestial equator. A new analysis of SDSS data for a
larger field now reveals that the tails of Pal 5 have a much larger spatial
extent and can be traced over an arc of 10 deg across the sky, corresponding to
a projected length of 4 kpc at the distance of the cluster. The number of
former cluster stars found in the tails adds up to about 1.2 times the number
of stars in the cluster. The radial profile of stellar surface density in the
tails follows approximately a power law r^gamma with -1.5 < gamma < -1.2.
The stream of debris from Pal 5 is significantly curved, which demonstrates
its acceleration by the Galactic potential. The cluster is presently near the
apocenter but has repeatedly undergone disk crossings in the inner part of the
Galaxy leading to strong tidal shocks. Our results suggest that the observed
debris originates mostly from mass loss within the last 2 Gyrs. The cluster is
likely to be destroyed after the next disk crossing, which will happen in about
100 Myr. (abridged)Comment: 44 pages, including 14 figures (Figs.1,3 & 14 with decreased
resolution), accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journa
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